Ichi chikamu chechitatu (chekupedzisira) chebvunzurudzo inosanganisirwa muanthology The Playboy Hurukuro: Moguls, iyo inosanganisirawo hurukuro naJeff Bezos, Sergey Brin, Larry Page, David Geffen nevamwe vazhinji.
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Playboy: Wakaitei pakudzoka kwako?
Mabasa: Kuvhunduka kwetsika nekudzoka kwaive kwakasimba kudarika kuvhunduka kwerwendo. Atari aida kuti ndidzoke kubasa. Ndakanga ndisingadi kudzoka, asi nekufamba kwenguva ndakagutsikana kuti ndive consultant. Munguva yake yekusununguka ainakidzwa naWozniak. Akandiendesa kumisangano yeHomebrew Computer Club, uko vanofarira zvemakombiyuta vakaungana ndokupanana zvavakawana. Zvimwe zvacho zvainakidza, asi zvakazara handina kuzviwana zvichinakidza. Wozniak akapinda kirabhu nokushingaira kwechitendero.
Playboy: Vakazoti kudii nezvemacomputer ipapo? Sei uchifarira?
Mabasa: Pakati pehurukuro pakanga paine microcomputer inonzi Altair. Panguva iyoyo, taisatombobvuma kuti mumwe munhu akanga adzidza kugadzira makombiyuta aigona kutengwa sezvinhu zvake. Kare izvi zvaisaita. Patakanga tiri kuchikoro chesekondari, hapana mumwe wedu aikwanisa kuwana mainframe computer. Taifanira kuenda kumwe kunokumbira kambani huru kuti tishandise kombiyuta. Iye zvino, kekutanga munhoroondo, komputa yaigona kutengwa. Iyo Altair yakabuda muna 1975 uye inodhura isingasviki $400.
Kunyange zvazvo yakanga isingadhuri, hatisi tose taigona kuitenga. Aya ndiwo maitiro akazvarwa makirabhu emakombuta.
Playboy: Uye wakaitei nemakomputa ekare?
Mabasa: Pakanga pasina graphical interfaces, chete alphanumeric zviratidzo. Ndakatanga kufarira programming, basic programming. Kare ikako, pashanduro dzekutanga dzemakomputa iwe waisatombokwanisa kunyora; mavara akaiswa uchishandisa switch.
Playboy: Ipapo Altair yakaunza pfungwa yeimba, komputa yako.
Mabasa: Yaingova kombiyuta yaunogona kutenga. Vakashaya kuti voita sei nazvo. Chinhu chekutanga chavakaita kuwedzera mitauro yekombuta kuti vanyore zvirongwa. Vatengi vakatanga kuzvishandisa kuita zvekushandisa chete mushure megore kana maviri, uye neakanyanya kupusa mabasa senge accounting.
Playboy: Uye wakafunga kuti unogona kuita chimwe chinhu chiri nani.
Mabasa: Zvakangoitikawo. KuAtari, ndaishanda zvikuru usiku, uye Woz aiwanzouya kuzondiona. Atari akaburitsa mutambo unonzi Gran Track, wekutanga kutyaira simulator ine chidhiraivho. Woz akabva atomubata. Akapedza matani akawanda pamutambo uyu, saka ndakamubvumira kupinda muhofisi uye akatamba usiku hwose pasina mubhadharo.
Pese pandainetseka kushanda pane chimwe chirongwa, ndaikumbira Woz kuti azorore kubva parwendo rwake rwemumugwagwa kwemaminitsi angangoita gumi uye andibatsire. Dzimwe nguva aishanda pane chimwe chinhu zvakare. Rimwe zuva akavaka chiteshi chekombiyuta chine ndangariro yevhidhiyo. Kwapera chinguva, akatenga microprocessor, akainamatira kune terminal, uye akagadzira prototype yeApple I. Woz neni takaunganidza bhodhi redunhu isu pachedu. Ndizvo zvose.
Playboy: Saka wakazviita nekuda kwekuda?
Mabasa: Chokwadi. Zvakanaka, kuva nechimwe chinhu chekuratidza shamwari dzako.
Playboy: Wakasvika sei padanho rinotevera - kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri uye kutengesa?
Mabasa: Woz neni takaunganidza $1300 nekutengesa motokari yangu yeVW nekarukureta yake yeHewlett-Packard. Mumwe mukomana aishanda pane chimwe chezvitoro zvemakombiyuta ekutanga akatiudza kuti aigona kutengesa zvisikwa zvedu. Hatina kuzvifunga isu pachedu.
Playboy: Iwe naWozniak makaronga sei basa?
Mabasa: Akagadzira kombiyuta inenge yakazara. Ndakabatsira nendangariro uye kushandura komputa kuita chigadzirwa. Woz haina kunaka pakutengesa, asi iye injinjiniya ane hunyanzvi.
Playboy: Apple ndakagadzirirwa vanofarira?
Mabasa: zana muzana. Takangotengesa zana nemakumi mashanu chete. Mwari anoziva chii, asi takawana mari inosvika zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe nezvishanu zvemadhora, uye ndakatanga kuona chitandadzo chedu sebhizimisi. Iyo Apple ini ndaingova bhodhi redunhu - pakanga pasina nyaya, pasina magetsi, hapana chigadzirwa. Vatengi vaifanira kutenga ma transformer uye kunyange keyboard ivo pachavo [anoseka].
Playboy: Iwe naWozniak wakakurumidza kuona kuti wanga uchiita chimwe chinhu chinovimbisa? Wakambofunga nezve yakawanda sei yaunogona kuwana uye kuti mangani makomputa achachinja nyika?
Mabasa: Kwete, kwete kunyanya. Takanga tisingazivi kuti izvi zvaizotisvitsa kupi. Kurudziro yeWoz ndeye kutsvaga mazano nemhinduro. Akatarisa pachikamu cheinjiniya uye munguva pfupi akagadzira chimwe chezvaakagadzira zvikuru - disk drive, chikamu chakakosha cheramangwana Apple II. Ndakaedza kuronga kambani, uye kutanga, kufunga kuti kambani chii. Handifungi kuti chero mumwe wedu angadai akabudirira ega zvatakawana pamwe chete.
Playboy: Kudyidzana kwenyu kwakachinja sei nekufamba kwenguva?
Mabasa: Woz haana kumbobvira anyanya kufarira Apple. Aida kuunganidza Apple II pabhodhi redunhu kuitira kuti atore imwe yemakomputa pachake uye aende nayo kukirabhu asingatyi kuti chimwe chinhu chaizoputsika munzira. Akazadzisa chinangwa chake uye akapfuurira kune zvimwe zvinhu. Aive nedzimwe pfungwa.
Playboy: Somuenzaniso, mutambo we<em>rock pamwe chete nepurogiramu yekombiyuta, kwaakarasikirwa nemamiriyoni gumi.
Mabasa: Chirongwa ichi chakabva chaita sechinopenga kwandiri, asi Woz akatenda machiri zvechokwadi.
Playboy: Hukama hwenyu hwakamira sei nhasi?
Mabasa: Kana ukashanda nemumwe munhu zvakanyanya uye mopfuura nemukuoma uye mutete pamwe chete, unoumba chisungo chisingaputsike. Pasinei nekupokana kwese, kubatana uku kunogara nekusingaperi. Uye kunyangwe nekufamba kwenguva unorega kuva shamwari dzepamoyo, chimwe chinhu chakasimba kupfuura ushamwari chinoramba chiri pakati pako. Woz ane hupenyu hwake - akatama kubva kuApple makore mashanu apfuura. Asi zvaakasika zvicharamba zviripo kwemazana emakore. Iye zvino anotaura pazviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakombiyuta. Izvi ndizvo zvaanoda.
Playboy: Chimurenga chekombuta chakatanga neApple II imi vaviri makasika. Zvose zvakaitika sei?
Mabasa: Hatina kushanda pamwe chete, vamwe vanhu vakatibatsirawo. Wozniak yakagadzira iyo logic system, chikamu chakakosha cheApple II, asi pakanga paine zvimwe zvakakosha zvikamu. Iyo magetsi ndiyo chinhu chakakosha. Muviri ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Kubudirira kukuru kweApple II kwaive kuti yaive chigadzirwa chakakwana. Yakanga iri komputa yekutanga yaive isiri kit yekuvaka. Yaive yakashongedzerwa zvizere, yaive neyayo kesi uye keyboard - iwe gara pasi ushande. Ndizvo zvakaita kuti Apple II ibude pachena-yaiita sechigadzirwa chaicho.
Playboy: Vatengi vako vekutanga vaive vanofarira here?
Mabasa: Musiyano mukuru waive wekuti kushandisa Apple II waisafanirwa kunge uri wehardware fan. Iwe unogona kunge uri fan yemapurogiramu. Ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvebudiriro nezveApple II-yakaratidza kuti vanhu vazhinji vaida kunakidzwa nemakomputa, saWoz neni, pane kuzvivakira mota dzavo. Ndizvo zvairehwa neApple II. Asi zvisinei neizvi, mugore rekutanga takangotengesa zviuru zvitatu kana zvina zvemakopi.
Playboy: Kunyangwe nhamba iyi inoita seyakasimba - mushure mezvose, vagadziri vayo vaisanyatsoziva zvavaiita.
Mabasa: Yaive hombe! Muna 1976, patakanga tichiri kugara mugaraji, takawana mari inosvika mazana maviri ezviuru. Muna 1977 - atova mamiriyoni manomwe. Izvi zvakanakisa, takafunga. Muna 1978 takawana mamiriyoni 17. Muna 1979 - $47 mamiriyoni. Apa ndipo patakanyatsoona kuti chii chaiitika. 1980 - 117 mamiriyoni. 1981 - 335 mamiriyoni. 1982 - 583 mamiriyoni. 1983 - 985 mamiriyoni ... zvinoratidzika. Gore rino tinotarisira bhiriyoni imwe nechidimbu.
Playboy: Unochengeta nhamba dzose idzi mumusoro mako.
Mabasa: Zvikuru, aya angori mamakisi parura. Chinhu chinotonhorera ndechekuti kare muna 1979, dzimwe nguva ndaipinda mumakirasi echikoro nemakomputa gumi nemashanu eApple uye ndichiona mashandiro evana. Aya ndiwo marudzi ezvinhu zvandinoona zvakakosha.
Playboy: Saka tadzoka kune ako achangoburwa zviitiko - kuburitswa kweMac uye kurwa kwako neIBM. Mubvunzurudzo iyi, mabuda pachena kanopfuura kamwe chete kuti hamuone vamwe vatambi munzvimbo iyi. Asi kunyangwe iwe uchigovana angangoita makumi matanhatu muzana emusika pakati pevaviri venyu, unogona here kunyora kure mamwe makumi mana - Radio Shack, DEC, Epson, nezvimwe? Hazvikoshi kwauri here? Uye zvinotonyanya kukosha, zvinoita here kufuratira anogona kukwikwidza muAT&T?
Mabasa: AT&T ichashanda mumunda uyu. Iyo kambani iri kuita shanduko huru. AT&T inomira kuve bhizimusi rekubatsira, repamusoro-pasi uye rinove kambani inokwikwidza tekinoroji, mutambi wemusika wemahara. Zvigadzirwa zveAT&T pachazvo hazvina kumbobvira zvave zvemhando yepamusoro - tarisa mafoni avo, anoseka. Asi marabhoritari avo esainzi ane tekinoroji yakanakisa. Basa guru rekambani nderekuvaisa pane zvekutengeserana. Vachafanirawo kudzidza kushambadzira kwevatengi. Ndinofunga kuti vanogona kubata mabasa ese ari maviri, asi kuagadzirisa kunotora makore.
Playboy: Iwe haufunge kuti AT&T inotyisa?
Mabasa: Handifunge kuti vanofanirwa kutariswa kwemakore maviri anotevera - asi vanozoita zvirinani nekufamba kwenguva.
Playboy: Zvakadini neRadio Shack?
Mabasa: Radio Shack zvirokwazvo icharamba isina bhizinesi. Radio Shack yakaedza kudzvanya komputa mumhando yayo yekutengesa, iyo, mukuona kwangu, inowira kusvika pakutengesa-yechipiri-yechipiri kana yakaderera-yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa muzvitoro zvechiuto. Iyo kambani haina kumboziva kuti vatengi vane ruzivo vaifarira makomputa. Mugove wayo wemusika wakawira pamusoro pedenga. Handifungi kuti vachapora vova mutambi anotungamira zvakare.
Playboy: Zvakadini neXerox? Texas Instruments? DEC? Wang?
Mabasa: Unogona kukanganwa nezve Xerox. TI haisi kuita sezvavanofunga. Mamwe makambani makuru akaita seDEC kana Wang anogona kutengesa makomputa emunhu kune vatengi varipo sechikamu chezviteshi zvepamberi, asi musika iwoyo wave kuda kuoma.
Playboy: Zvakadini nemakomputa ebhajeti kubva kuCommodore naAtari?
Mabasa: Ndinovatora sechimwe chikonzero chekutenga Apple II kana Macintosh. Ndinofunga kuti vatengi vakatoona kuti makombiyuta pasi pemadhora mazana mashanu haabatsiri zvakanyanya. Ivo vanogona kumutsa kufarira kwemushandisi mune zvakawanda kana kuvatyisa zvachose.
Playboy: Iwe unonzwa sei nezve madiki anotakurika maPC?
Mabasa: Izvo zvakakodzera, semuenzaniso, kune vatori venhau vanoda kunyora pfungwa pamusoro pekumhanya. Asi hazvina zvazvinobatsira kumunhuwo zvake - mapurogiramu mashoma anonyorerwa ivo. Paunongowana software yaunoda, modhi nyowani ichabuda ine yakakura zvishoma kuratidza, uye zvirongwa zvako zvichave zvekare kare. Ndosaka pasina anoanyora. Mirira mhando dzedu - Macintosh simba muhomwe!
Playboy: Uye Epson? Zvakadini nevamwe vagadziri veJapan?
Mabasa: Ndatoti: Makomputa eJapan akagezwa pamahombekombe edu sehove dzakafa. Dzingori hove dzakafa. Epson yakundikana pamusika uyu.
Playboy: Kugadzirwa kwemotokari ndeimwe indasitiri yeAmerica umo vamwe vanopokana kuti isu tiri vakaderera kune veJapan. Iye zvino vanotaura zvakafanana nezvevagadziri vedu semiconductor. Unoronga sei kuchengetedza utungamiri?
Mabasa: Japan inyika inofadza zvikuru. Vamwe vanhu vanoti maJapan anongoziva kukopa chimwe chinhu, asi ini handifungi kudaro. Ndinofunga vari kuzvifunga patsva. Vanotora zvigadzirwa zvemumwe munhu vodzidza kusvikira vazvinzwisisa zvizere. Dzimwe nguva vanogona kuzvinzwisisa zviri nani kupfuura izvo muvambi pachake anonzwisisa. Aya ndiwo maitiro avanogadzira yechipiri, yakagadziridzwa chizvarwa chezvigadzirwa. Iri zano rinoshanda kana chigadzirwa chisingachinji zvakanyanya nekufamba kwemakore, senge maodhiyo masisitimu kana mota. Asi kana chinangwa chiri kufamba nekukurumidza, saka hazvisi nyore kwavari kuti vaenderane nazvo - kutenderera kwakadaro kunotora makore.
Kana chimiro chekombuta yega chikaramba chichichinja pamwero wakafanana nanhasi, maJapan achave nenguva yakaoma. Kamwe maitiro acho akadzikira, maJapan acharova musika nesimba ravo rose nekuti vanoda kutungamira mubhizinesi rekombuta. Panogona kuve nekusahadzika pano - ichi ndicho chekutanga chavo chenyika.
Zvinoratidzika kwatiri kuti mumakore 4-5 maJapan achapedzisira adzidza kuunganidza makombiyuta akanaka. Uye kana tichizochengetedza hutungamiriri hweAmerica kumberi uku, Apple ine makore mana kuti ive mugadziri wepasi rose. Tekinoroji dzedu dzekugadzira dzinofanirwa kunge dziri padanho nepamusoro kana hukuru kune hweJapan.
Playboy: Unoronga sei kuita izvi?
Mabasa: Patakagadzira Macintosh, takagadzirawo muchina wekugadzira mota. Takashandisa madhora miriyoni makumi maviri kugadzira fekitori yekombuta ine otomatiki pasi rose. Asi izvi hazvina kukwana. Panzvimbo pekuiregedza mushure memakore manomwe, sezvaizoitwa nemakambani mazhinji, tinoishandisa kwemakore maviri. Tichaisiya pakupera kwa20 tovaka itsva, toishandisa kwemakore maviri toitsiva neimwe itsva. Saka mumakore matatu tichava neyechitatu automated plant. Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yatingadzidza nayo nekukurumidza zvakakwana.
Playboy: MaJapan haasi ivo chete vakwikwidzi vako - semuenzaniso, unotenga dhisiki yako kubva kuSony.
Mabasa: Tinotenga zvinhu zvakawanda kubva kuJapan. Isu tiri mutengi mukuru wepasirese wemicroprocessors, high-tech RAM machipisi, disk drives uye keyboards. Hatifanirwe kushandisa simba rakawanda pakugadzira nekugadzira floppy disks kana microprocessors, uye tinozvipedza pane software.
Playboy: Ngatitaure nezve software. Ichinjo dzipi dzechimurenga dzawakaona mukukura kwayo mumakore achangopfuura?
Mabasa: Zvechokwadi, kubudirira kwechokwadi kwaiva danho rekutanga - kurekodha mutauro wepurogiramu pane microprocessor chip. Imwe budiriro ndeye VisiCalc, iyo kekutanga yakaita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa komputa kuita bhizinesi uye yakaratidza zvinobatika zvakanakira iyi application. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, waifanirwa kuronga zvikumbiro zvako, uye chikamu chevanhu vanoda kuronga hachisi chinopfuura chikamu. Iko kugona kuratidza ruzivo zvine graphic kwakakosha, ndosaka Lotus yaive yakakosha budiriro.
Playboy: Uri kutaura nezvezvinhu izvo vaverengi vedu vangave vasina kujairana nazvo. Ndapota tiudze mamwe mashoko.
Mabasa: Lotus yakabatanidza yakanaka spreadsheet mupepeti ane giraidhi chirongwa. Kana zvasvika pakugadziriswa kwemazwi uye kushandiswa kwe database, Lotus haisi iyo yakanakisa chirongwa pamusika. Kubatsira kukuru kweLotus ndiko kusanganiswa kwetafura uye giraidhi mupepeti uye kugona kukurumidza kushandura pakati pavo.
Imwe budiriro iri kuitika izvozvi neMacintosh, iyo inopa Lisa tekinoroji nemutengo unokwanisika. Revolutionary software yakanyorwa uye ichanyorerwa iyo. Asi iwe unogona chaizvo kutaura nezve kubudirira makore mashoma mushure mekunge zvaitika.
Playboy: Zvakadini nekugadzirisa mazwi? Iwe hauna kuzvitaura mune rondedzero yekubudirira.
Mabasa: Wagona. Inofanira kunge yaenda mushure meVisiCalc. Kugadziriswa kweshoko ndiko kwakajairika pamabasa uye imwe yeakareruka kunzwisisa. Zvichida ichi ndicho chinhu chekutanga icho vanhu vazhinji vanoda komputa. Vagadziri vemavara vaivepo pamberi pemakomputa emunhu, asi mupepeti wekombuta yega aive, asi, budiriro yehupfumi - asi pakanga pasina analogues eVisiCalc isati yasvika PC.
Playboy: Pave paine zvakabudirira mumunda wesoftware yedzidzo?
Mabasa: Zvizhinji zvezvirongwa zvakanaka zvakagadzirwa, asi pakanga pasina budiriro padanho reVisiCalc. Ndinofunga kuti ichauya, asi kwete mumakore maviri anotevera.
Playboy: Wakasimbisa kuti dzidzo chinhu chekutanga kwauri. Ko makombiyuta anokanganisa sei kukura kwayo?
Mabasa: Makomputa pachawo uye software notation isati yagadzirwa zvinounza shanduko mukuita kudzidza. Takagadzira homwe yedzidzo uye tichapa zvekushandisa nemamiriyoni emadhora emadhora kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu edzidzo uye zvikoro zvisingakwanise kutenga makomputa. Isu taidawo kuita kuti Macintosh ive yakakosha komputa mumakoreji, sezvakangoita Apple II yakava iyo huru komputa muzvikoro. Takasarudza kutsvaga mayunivhesiti matanhatu angave achida kutenga zvakakura-zvikuru ndinoreva zvinopfuura chiuru makomputa. Panzvimbo pevatanhatu, makumi maviri nevana vakapindura. Takakumbira makoreji kuti aise mamirioni maviri emadhora kuti apinde muchirongwa cheMacintosh. Vese makumi maviri nevana, kusanganisira vese veIvy Leaguers, vakabvuma. Saka, iyo Macintosh yakave yakajairwa midziyo yedzidzo yekoreji isingasviki gore. Macintosh ese atakaita gore rino aigona kuenda kune imwe yemakoreji aya. Zvechokwadi, izvi hazvibviri, asi kune chido chakadaro.
Playboy: Asi pane zvirongwa here?
Mabasa: Vamwe. Idzo dzisati dzavepo dzichanyorwa nenyanzvi mumakoreji pachawo. IBM yakaedza kutimisa - ndakanzwa kuti boka revanhu re400 rakaumbwa kuita izvi. Iyo kambani yaizovapa IBM PC. Asi vatungamiriri vekoreji vaiona zviri mberi. Vakaona kuti software yavaizogamuchira yainyanya kukosha uye vaisada kushandisa mari pahunyanzvi hwekare hweBMM. Saka mune zvimwe zviitiko vakaramba kupihwa kweBMM ndokutenga Macintoshes. Vamwe vakatoshandisa zvipo zvakagamuchirwa kubva kuIBM kune izvi.
Playboy: Ungapa mazita emakoreji aya?
Mabasa: Handikwanise. Handidi kuvapinza muna taisireva.
Playboy: Pawakanga uri mukoreji munguva yepre-computer, chii iwe nevaunodzidza navo machiona semaonero makuru? Mune zvematongerwo enyika?
Mabasa: Hapana weshamwari dzangu dzekukoreji dzine zvipo akapinda mune zvematongerwo enyika. Vese vainzwa kuti mukupera kwamakumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe ezvematongerwo enyika yaisave iyo nzvimbo chaiyo yekushandura nyika. Nhasi vose vari mubhizimisi, uye zvinosetsa nemhaka yokuti pane imwe nguva ava vanhu vamwe chetevo vakanga vachitenderera India netsoka kana kuti kutsvaka revo youpenyu nenzira yavo vamene.
Playboy: Kwaisava bhizinesi uye kutsvaga purofiti ndiyo yakapfava mhinduro?
Mabasa: Aiwa, hapana kana mumwe wevanhu ava ane hanya nemari. Ndinoreva, vazhinji vavo vakaita mari yakawanda, asi havana hanya nazvo. Mararamiro avo haana kumbochinja. Bhizinesi rakava mukana wekuti vaedze kuita chimwe chinhu, kuona kukundikana, kubudirira, kukura semunhu. Kune avo vaida kuzviratidza mumakore gumi apfuura, basa rezvematongerwo enyika rakanga risiri sarudzo. Somunhu asati asvika makumi matatu, ndinogona kuti: pamakumi maviri iwe unofanirwa kushivirira, unoda chimwe chinhu chitsva, uye mune zvematongerwo enyika mafungiro evanhu ava angave akaneta uye anosvava.
Ndinofunga America inomuka chete munguva dzekutambudzika. Uye zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti mukutanga kwemakumi mapfumbamwe takatarisana nedambudziko rakakura - matambudziko aifanirwa kugadzirisa vezvematongerwo enyika ave kutanga kuuya pamusoro. Kana dambudziko iri rauya, vazhinji vevanhu ava vanozokwanisa kushandisa hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuita nemafungiro avo kune zvematongerwo enyika. Chizvarwa chakazvigadzirira zvikuru munhoroondo chichapinda mune zvematongerwo enyika. Vanhu ava vanoziva nzira yekusarudza vashandi, nzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo, uye nzira yekutungamira.
Playboy: Asi ndizvo zvinotaura chizvarwa chitsva chega chega?
Mabasa: Tinorarama munguva dzakasiyana. Shanduko yeruzivo rwemichina iri kuramba ichipindirana nehupfumi hwedu uye nzanga yese. Inopfuura hafu yeGNP yeUS inobva kumaindasitiri ane ruzivo-uye vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vazhinji havana chavakaita mubhindauko iri. Sarudzo dzakanyanya kuwedzera - kugovera zviwanikwa, dzidzo yevana vedu, zvichingodaro - zvichaitwa nevanhu vanonzwisisa nyaya dzehunyanzvi uye gwara riri kufamba. Kwete izvozvi. Mamiriro ezvinhu muchikamu chedzidzo ave pedyo nenjodzi yenyika. Munyika umo ruzivo uye hutsva zviri pamberi, America inotarisana nenjodzi dzakakomba dzekuva maindasitiri ari pasi pedog kana ikarasikirwa nehunyanzvi hwekuita uye tarenda rehutungamiriri riripo.
Playboy: Iwe unotaura nezvekudyara mudzidzo, asi hazvisi dambudziko here kuwana mari munguva yekushomeka kuri kuwedzera?
Mabasa: Mumakore mashanu anotevera, America ichashandisa mari yakawanda pazvombo kupfuura zvakashandiswa nenyika ipi neipi munhoroondo. Nharaunda yedu yakasarudza kuti uku ndiko kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemari yedu - nekudaro kukura kwekushomeka, uye nekudaro kukwira kwemutengo wemari yedu. Zvichakadaro, Japan, mukwikwidzi wedu mukuru ari kumberi kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji - ndiko kuti, muindasitiri yesemiconductor - yakagadziridza mitemo yemutero uye chimiro chesosaiti yese nenzira yekuwedzera mari yekudyara munzvimbo ino. Zvinoita sekuti vanhu vashoma muAmerica vanoona kubatana kuri pakati pekushandisa pazvombo uye kurasikirwa kunogona kuitika kwekugadzira kwayo semiconductor. Tinofanira kuziva kuti uku kutyisidzira chii.
Playboy: Uye iwe unotenda kuti makomputa achabatsira mukuita uku.
Mabasa: Ndichakuudza imwe nyaya. Ndakagamuchira vhidhiyo yakarekodhwa yakanga isina kuitirwa maziso angu uye yakagadzirirwa Komiti yeVakuru veVashandi. Kubva pane iyi positi ndakadzidza kuti chese chese chenyukireya chombo chatakaisa muEurope chinonangwa uchishandisa Apple II. Ndozvazvanga zvakaita makore mashoma apfuura. Hatina kupa makombiyuta kumauto - anofanira kunge akatengwa kuburikidza nevatengesi. Kuziva kuti macomputer edu aishandiswa zvakadaro hazvina kufadza vamwe vangu. Chinhu chega chinotinyaradza ndechekuti mauto haashandise TRS-80 kubva kuRadio Shack. Mbiri kwamuri, Ishe.
Pfungwa yangu ndeyekuti chero chishandiso chinogara chichishandiswa kwete izvo zvinonyanya kufadza zvinhu. Uye vanhu pachavo vanofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vashandiswa zvine pundutso uye vachishanda kuti vabatsire nzanga.
Playboy: Ndeipi nzira ichaenda nemakomputa uye software munguva pfupi iri kutevera?
Mabasa: Panguva ino, tinobata komputa semushumiri akanaka. Tinovakumbira kuti vaite basa, rakadai sekutora makiyi edu nekunyora tsamba zvinoenderana kana kugadzira tafura, uye vanoita basa guru pazviri. Ichi chikamu - komputa semuranda - ichavandudzwa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya. Nhanho inotevera ndeyekushandura komputa kuita murevereri kana conductor. Makombiyuta achava nani pakufanotaura kuti chii chaizvo chatinoda uye kutipa zvatinoda, tichicherechedza hukama uye maitiro muzviito zvedu, achitibvunza kana tichida kuita kuti zviito izvi zvive zvachose. Saka, chimwe chinhu chakafanana nezvinokonzeresa chichaunzwa. Tichakwanisa kukumbira makomputa kuti atarise zvimwe zvinhu - uye mune mamwe mamiriro, makomputa achaita zvimwe zviito uye anotizivisa mushure mechokwadi.
Playboy: Semuyenzaniso?
Mabasa: Muenzaniso wakapfava ndeweawa imwe neimwe kana yemazuva ese yekutarisa masheya. Nokukurumidza apo mutengo wezvikamu unosvika kune imwe kana imwe muganhu, kombiyuta pachayo ichabata mutengesi wangu, kutengesa zvikamu zvemagetsi, uye wozondizivisa nezvazvo. Kana kuti ngatiti pakupera kwemwedzi wega wega, komputa ichatsvaga dhatabhesi yevatengesi vakapfuura chinangwa ne20 muzana kana kupfuura, uye kuvatumira email yakasarudzika panzvimbo yangu. Ndichagamuchira report yekuti ndiani akagamuchira tsamba yakadai mwedzi uno. Rimwe zuva makomputa edu achakwanisa kuita zvingangoita zana mabasa akadaro - komputa ichatanga kufanana nemurevereri wedu, mumiriri. Hurongwa uhu huchaparurwa mumwedzi gumi nemiviri inotevera, asi kazhinji zvinotora mamwe makore matatu kuti chinangwa ichi chizadziswe. Uku ndiko kuchava kubudirira kwedu kunotevera.
Playboy: Tingaite here mabasa ese aya pahardware yanhasi? Kana kuti muchatitengesera imwe itsva?
Mabasa: Zvose? Iri ishoko rine njodzi, ini handisi kuzorishandisa. Ini handizivi mhinduro. Iyo Macintosh yakanyatso gadzirwa nehunyanzvi uhu mupfungwa.
Playboy: Unodada nehutungamiriri hweApple. Iwe unofungei nezve makambani akura ari kumanikidzwa kutamba-kubata nevadiki kana kuparara?
Mabasa:Hazvinzvengeki. Ndosaka ndichitenda kuti rufu ndicho chinhu chikuru kugadzirwa kwehupenyu. Inochenesa hurongwa hwemhando dzose dzekare, dzechinyakare. Iri ndiro rimwe rematambudziko akatarisana neApple. Kana vakomana vaviri vauya pamwe nechigadzirwa chikuru chinotevera, tichaitei - tichichigashira toti chakanaka? Tichasiya mienzaniso yedu here kana kuti tichawana chikonzero, chikonzero chekusaita izvi? Ndinofunga tichaita chinhu chakanaka - tichanzwisisa zvese uye toita nhanho chaiyo pamberi pedu.
Playboy: Paunenge uchifunga nezvekubudirira kwako, wakamborovera musoro wako kumadziro uchiedza kunzwisisa kuti chii chiri kuitika? Pakupedzisira, kubudirira uku kwakauya kamwe kamwe.
Mabasa: Ndanga ndichifunga nezvekutengesa mamiriyoni emakombiyuta pagore - asi ndanga ndichingofunga nezvazvo. Kana izvi zvikaitika muchokwadi, inyaya yakasiyana zvachose: "Hapana chakaipa, zvese ndezvechokwadi." Zvakandiomera kutsanangura, asi handioni sekuti kubudirira kwakauya nemusi mumwe. Gore rinouya richava gore rangu rechigumi ndiri mukambani. Kare, ndakanga ndisati ndambozvipa ndimene mubasa ripi neripi kwerinopfuura gore. Pazvakatanga, kunyange mwedzi mitanhatu yaiva nguva refu kwandiri. Zvinoitika kuti ndanga ndichishanda kuApple hupenyu hwangu hwese hwevakuru. Gore rega rega kuApple kuzere nematambudziko, kubudirira, ruzivo rutsva uye zvinoonekwa zvekuti zvinonzwa sehupenyu hwese. Saka ndararama hupenyu huzere hugumi.
Playboy: Unoziva here chaunoda kupira hupenyu hwako hwese?
Mabasa: Ndinowanzofunga nezvechirevo chechiHindu chekare chinoti: βMumakore makumi matatu okutanga oupenyu hwako ndipo paunotanga tsika dzako. Kwemakore makumi matatu ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwako, tsika dzinoumba iwe. " Sezvo ini ndichisvitsa makumi matatu munaFebruary, ndinofunga nezvazvo zvakanyanya.
Playboy: Saka unofungei?
Mabasa:Handina chokwadi nazvo. Ini ndicharamba ndichibatanidzwa neApple. Ndinovimba kuti tambo dzehupenyu hwedu dzichapindirana zvakanyanya uye isu ticharamba tichifamba takabatana maoko. Ndinogona kutoenda kwemakore mashoma, asi rimwe zuva ndichadzoka zvechokwadi. Zvimwe ndizvo zvandichaita. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti ndichine zvakawanda zvekudzidza. Ndinopa zano kune avo vanofarira pfungwa dzangu kuti varege kukanganwa pamusoro peizvi. Usavatora zvakanyanya. Kana iwe uchida kurarama hupenyu hwako nekugadzira, semuimbi, haugone kugara uchitarisa-tarisa. Iwe unofanirwa kubvuma kusiya zvese zvawakagadzira uye zvauri. Tiri chii? Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti isu tiri muunganidzwa wemaitiro, mapatani, zvinhu zvatinoda uye zvinhu zvatisingade. Tsika dzedu dzakaiswa muhunhu hwedu, uye zviito nezvisarudzo zvatinoita zvinoratidza izvo zvakakosha. Ndosaka zvichinetsa kupa mabvunzurudzo, kuve munhu weruzhinji. Paunowedzera kukura nekuchinja, nyika yakakupoteredza inoramba ichiyedza kuratidza kuti mufananidzo wako chiratidzo chako, zvinonyanya kuoma kuti urambe uri muimbi. Ndosaka maartist achiwanzoda kutiza: "Kwaziwai, ndinofanira kuenda. Ndiri kupenga ndosaka ndiri kubuda muno." Vanopukunyuka uye vanorara mumakomba avo. Dzimwe nguva vanodzoka, asi zvakasiyana zvishoma.
Playboy: Unogona kuzvitenga. Iwe zvechokwadi haufaniri kunetseka pamusoro pemari. Uchiri kushanda here...
Mabasa: [anoseka] Nemhaka yokunzwa kwokuva nemhaka pamusoro pemari inowanwa.
Playboy: Totaura nyaya yemari. Wakave miriyoni uine makore makumi maviri nematatu...
Mabasa: Mukati megore hupfumi hwangu hwakapfuura mamirioni gumi, uye mushure memaviri - zana remamiriyoni.
Playboy: Ndeupi musiyano mukuru pakati pekuva nemiriyoni yemadhora uye kuva nemazana emamiriyoni?
Mabasa: Kuonekwa. Nhamba yevanhu vane upfumi hunopfuura miriyoni yemadhora inoyerwa mumakumi ezviuru muUnited States moga. Avo vane vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi zviuru zvinoverengeka. Avo vane mamiriyoni zana kana kupfuura, kune mazana akati kuti.
Playboy: Mari inomborevei kwauri?
Mabasa:Handisati ndazvinzwisisa. Kuwana mari yakawanda kupfuura yaunogona kushandisa muhupenyu hwako hwese ibasa rakakura. Ndinoona sekuti ndinofanira kushandisa mari iyi. Kusiira vana vako nhaka yakakura ipfungwa yakaipa. Mari yakadaro ichaparadza upenyu hwavo. Uye kana ukafa usina mwana, hurumende inotora mari. Anenge munhu wose anotenda kuti anogona kushandisa mari kubatsira nzanga zvinobudirira kupfuura zvaigona kuitwa nehurumende. Iwe unofanirwa kufunga kuti ungararama sei nemamiriro aya uye kuti ungaidzoreredza sei munyika - ndiko kuti, ipe kana kuishandisa kuratidza hunhu hwako uye kuzvidya mwoyo.
Playboy: Uye unoita sei?
Mabasa: Handidi kutaura nezverutivi urwu rwehupenyu hwangu. Pandinongowana nguva, ndicharonga homwe yeruzhinji. Parizvino ndiri kushanda pamapurojekiti akati wandei.
Playboy: Kupa pfuma yako yese kwaizotora nguva yako yese.
Mabasa: Hongu, asi hapana chinogona kuitwa. Ndine chokwadi chekuti kupa dhora kunonetsa pane kuriwana.
Playboy: Ndosaka musiri kukurumidza kuita zvirongwa zvekubatsira?
Mabasa: Kwete, chikonzero chaicho chiri nyore. Kuti uite chimwe chinhu zvakanaka, unofanira kudzidza kubva pakukanganisa. Kubvumira kukanganisa, panofanira kuva nechiyero chakarurama. Asi mumhando zhinji dzehurombo hakuna mwero wakadaro. Iwe unopa mumwe munhu mari yeichi kana iyo purojekiti uye kazhinji hauzive chokwadi kana tariro yako kumunhu uyu, pfungwa dzake kana kuita kwavo kwakarurama kana kwete. Kana iwe usingakwanisi kubudirira kana kukanganisa, zvakaoma zvikuru kugadzirisa. Kunze kwezvo, vanhu vazhinji vanouya kwauri havauye nemazano akanakisa, uye kuwana mazano akanakisa uri wega kunoda nguva yakawanda nesimba.
Playboy: Kana uchizoshandisa kushambadza kwako kuratidza muenzaniso wakanaka, nei usingadi kukurukura rutivi irworwo rwoupenyu hwako?
Mabasa: Nekuti handisati ndawana chero chinhu. Munzvimbo iyi, kutanga kwezvose, zviito zvako zvinokutaurira.
Playboy: Wakachena chose here kana kuti dzimwe nguva unombozvibvumira kutambisa?
Mabasa: Kupfuura chero chinhu chiri munyika ndinoda mabhuku, sushi uye ... Zvinhu zvandinofarira hazvidhure mari yakawanda. Zviri pachena kwandiri kuti chinhu chinokosha chatinacho inguva. Kutaura zvazviri, ndinobhadhara kubudirira nehupenyu hwangu hwega. Ini handina nguva yekuve nenyaya kana kubhururuka kuenda kuItaly uye kugara mune cafe ikoko, ndichidya mozzarella nematomatisi saladhi. Dzimwe nguva ndinopedza mari shoma kuti ndizvichengetedze dambudziko uye ndizvitengere nguva shoma. Ndizvo zvose. Ndakatenga imba muNew York nekuda kwekuti ndinoda guta rino. Ndiri kuedza kuzvidzidzisa - ndinobva kudhorobha diki muCalifornia, uye handizivi mafaro uye tsika dzeguta guru. Ndinofunga chikamu ichi chedzidzo yangu. Iwe unoziva, kune vazhinji vevashandi veApple vanogona kutenga zvese zvavanoda, asi kushandisa chero chinhu. Ndinovenga kutaura nezvazvo kunge idambudziko. Vaverengi vangangoti: o, ndinoshuva kuti dai ndine matambudziko ako. Vanozofunga kuti ndiri kamboro kanoshamisira.
Playboy: Pfuma yako nezvawakaita zvinokutendera kuti urote zvakakura nenzira isingagonekwe neruzhinji rwevanhu. Rusununguko urwu runokuvhundutsa here?
Mabasa: Paunenge uchinge uine nzira dzekuzadzisa zviroto zvako uye kuzadzikiswa uku kunoenderana newe chete, hupenyu hunowedzera kuoma. Zviri nyore kurota nezvechimwe chinhu chinoshamisa kana mukana wekuwana zvauri kuda uri mudiki. Kana uchinge wawana mukana wekuunza pfungwa dzako kuhupenyu, une rimwe basa.
Playboy: Takataura nezvekuti munoona sei ramangwana riri pedyo, asi zvakadini neramangwana riri kure? Kana makomputa ari munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vana, unofungidzira sei shanduko dzinogona kuitika muhupenyu hwedu sezvavanokura?
Mabasa: Pandakadzoka kubva kuIndia, ndakazvibvunza mubvunzo - ndechipi chokwadi chikuru chandakadzidza pachangu? Ndinofunga kuti kufunga kune musoro kwemunhu wekuMadokero hakusi pfuma yake yekuzvarwa. Tinodzidza mafungiro aya. Kare, handina kumbofunga kuti kana tisina kudzidziswa, taizofunga zvakasiyana. Asi zvese zviri sezvazviri. Sezviri pachena, rimwe rebasa rinokosha zvikuru redzidzo nderekutidzidzisa kufunga. Tave kutanga kunzwisisa kuti makomputa achakanganisa kunaka kwekufunga kwevana vedu vanogona kuwana zvishandiso izvi. Vanhu vanoshandisa zvishandiso. Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza pamusoro pebhuku ndechekuti iwe unogona kuverenga izvo Aristotle akanyora iwe pachako. Haufanire kuteerera dudziro yemumwe mudzidzisi. Unogona kumuteerera kana uchida, asi unogona kuverenga Aristotle uri wega. Uku kutapurirana kwakananga kwemifungo nemazano ndicho chimwe chezvivakwa zvakakosha zvenharaunda yanhasi, yedu. Dambudziko nebhuku nderekuti haugone kubvunza Aristotle mubvunzo. Ndinofunga kuti kombiyuta inogona kutibatsira neimwe nzira ... kutora zvakakosha, nheyo dzekutanga dzemaitiro, zviitiko zvine ruzivo.
Playboy: Semuyenzaniso?
Mabasa: Rega ndikupe muenzaniso wakashata. Mutambo wePong wepakutanga wairatidza misimboti yesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, kusimba kweangular, uye zvichingodaro, uye mutambo wega wega wakatsiva wairatidza iwo misimboti yakafanana, asi yakanga yakasiyana neyekutanga - sezvakangoita muhupenyu. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wakapfava. Kuronga kunogona kuratidza misimboti yekutanga, iyo yakakosha musimboti uye, nekuda kwekunzwisisa kuripo, kufambisa zviuru zvemaitiro akasiyana, zviitiko, zvinoonekwa. Zvakadini kana tikakwanisa kutora mufananidzo waAristotle wakakwana wenyika, nheyo huru dzemaonero ake enyika? Ipapo taigona kumubvunza mubvunzo. Chokwadi, ungati izvi hazvina kufanana nokutaura naAristotle pachake. Tinogona kunge takanganisa. Asi pamwe kwete.
Playboy: Pamwe ingava hurukuro inofadza.
Mabasa: Ndizvozvo. Chikamu chedambudziko kuisa chishandiso ichi mumaoko emamiriyoni, makumi emamiriyoni evanhu, uye kuita kuti chiwedzere kuoma. Zvino, nekufamba kwenguva, tinogona kudzidza, kutanga zvishoma, uyezve zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya, kugadzira mifananidzo yaAristotle, Einstein kana Land - achiri mupenyu. Fungidzira kuti kwaizova kukuru sei kutandara navo sowechiduku. Uye kwete chete muvechiri kuyaruka - mune vedu vakuru! Iri ndiro rimwe remabasa edu.
Playboy: Uri kuronga kuzvigadzirisa iwe pachako?
Mabasa: Ichaenda kune mumwe munhu. Iri ibasa rechizvarwa chinotevera. Ndinofunga kuti mumunda wedu wekutsvakurudza kwenjere rimwe rematambudziko anonyanya kufadza ndeyekuchembera kwakanaka. Ndinoreva kuti, zvinhu zviri kuchinja nekukasira zvekuti pakupera kwemakore makumi masere tinoda kupa matomu kuchizvarwa chitsva chine mazano akakosha. Zvekuti vanomira pamapfudzi edu vobhururuka vachikwira. Mubvunzo unonakidza, haufungi here? Kuchembera nenyasha.
Source: www.habr.com