Muna 2019, achange ari makore zana kubvira mumwe wedu akanyorera chikumbiro chejetpack. Nhasi, Gunyana 100, izuva rekuzvarwa kwemugadziri.
"Panzvimbo nerubatsiro rwechigadzirwa, unogona kuita kuongorora kwemuchadenga nekuchengetedzeka kukuru kupfuura mundege ... mauto ese, aine midziyo iyi (mutengo wayo mukugadzirwa kwefekitori uchadhura kakawanda kupfuura. pfuti), panguva dzemhirizhonga uye kukombwa kwenhare, vachinzvenga zvipingamupinyi zvese zvepanyika, vanogona kubhururuka vakasununguka kuseri kwemitsara yevavengi."
- Alexander Andreev
Kurema kwechigadzirwa chacho 42 kg + 8 kg yemafuta (methane uye oksijeni).
Huremu hwemutyairi wendege i50 kg.
Range - 20 km.
Kumhanya - 200 km / h.
(Gunyana 11, 1893, Kolpino - Zvita 15, 1941, Leningrad) - Muvambi weSoviet akagadzira yekutanga bhegi roketi mota inofambiswa neinjini yejeti yemvura.
Andreev akawana chikoro chesekondari. Kubva pakutanga 1920s akagara muLeningrad. Muna 1919 akagadzira mota yekutanga yepasi rose yebhegi inofambiswa neinjini yejeti yemvura. Chirongwa ichi chakatumirwa kuCouncil of People's Commissars, uye kubva ipapo kuenda kuCommittee for Inventions. Iyo patent application, mushure mekugamuchira mhinduro dzakakomba, yakarambwa. Muna 1925, mugadziri akatumira shanduro itsva, yakadzokororwa yechikumbiro. Mushure mekuongorora kwakanaka kubva kune nyanzvi uye kumwe kudzokororwa kwechinyorwa, patent yezvakagadzirwa yakapihwa muna 1928. ()
1919
MuLeningrad Regional State Archives muVyborg (LOGAV) kune chinyorwa chakanyorwa netapureta (LOGAV. F. R-4476, op. 6, d. 3809.) yepurojekiti ine zviratidzo zviviri zvekunyoresa papeji yekutanga. Chekutanga chemavara aya chinotaridzika seizvi:
"KUTUNGAMIRIRA Bhizinesi
Krestyansk. uye Basa. Hurumende
Republic of Russia 14/XII 1919
Incoming No. 19644."
Mucherechedzo wechipiri:
"KOMITI
yezvigadzirwa
PaScientific and Technical Department.
V.S.N.X.
Zvita 19, 1919
In. Nhamba. 3648."
Gwaro rine mamakisi aya raive, sezvizvi kubva mukutaura kwemusi waKukadzi 10, 1921, rakanyorwa nemaoko nemuvambi, rimwe remakopi matatu ezvinyorwa zveprojekiti zvakaendeswa kuKDI pamwe nechikumbiro (mamwe maviri anochengetwa mufaira rimwe chete rezvinyorwa. )
Saka, chirongwa chendege yebhegi chakagadzirira pakati paDecember 1919 uye chakakwanisa kushanyira masangano maviri epamusoro ehurumende munyika muna Zvita.
Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti zviitiko zvakagadzirwa nenzira inotevera.
Mugadziri akatumira chirongwa ichi kuKanzuru yePeople's Commissars asi mukuyedza kuwana zvekushandisa pakuita hurongwa hwake pane kutarisira kupihwa patent. Kuedza tarisiro yekushandiswa kwemauto kwechigadzirwa (muchikamu che "Chinangwa" Andreev akanyora kuti: "Panzvimbo nerubatsiro rwechigadzirwa iwe unogona kuita kuongorora kwemuchadenga nekuchengeteka kukuru kupfuura mundege ... mauto ose ane zvishandiso izvi (mutengo wekugadzirwa kwefekitari uchadhura kakawanda kupfuura pfuti) panguva yekugumburwa nekukomba kwenhare, nekupfuura zvipingamupinyi zvese zvepanyika, vanogona kubhururuka vakasununguka kuenda kumashure kwemuvengi"), zvinoita sekunge. , yakatibvumira kuti tive netariro yemafungiro akanaka ehurumende pamusoro pekugadzirwa.
Nekudaro, iyo Council of People's Commissars, sezvingafungidzirwa zvichibva pamusiyano mudiki pakati pemazuva akataridzwa ekunyoreswa kwayo, haina kutariswa, asi yakabva yaendeswa kune imwe kero yakakodzera - kuScientific and technical department of the Supreme Council of. iyo National Economy, kana kunyange zvakananga kuKDI. Uyezve, izvi zvakaitwa, sezviri pachena, nekukurumidza kukuru: mugwaro remagwaro anouya eDare rePeople's Commissars ye1919, mutsara wenhamba inopinda 19644 (kubva kune iyo gwaro rakagamuchirwa, kune iyo nyaya yakatumirwa) akazadzwa zvachose, sezvakange zvakaita mitsetse yedzimwe nhamba nhatu dziri padyo nayo (19640, 19643, 19645) Sezviri pachena, vashandi veKanzuru yePeople's Commissars vakanga vasina nguva yekugadzirisa tsamba muna Zvita 1919.
Hapana mamwe maratidziro ekuvapo kweprojekiti yaAndreev muna 1919 muCouncil of People's Commissars - pamwe nemitumbi yeSupreme Council yeNational Economy - inogona kuwanikwa. Hazvizivikanwe kuti chirongwa ichi chakagara kwenguva yakareba sei paKDI uye kana yakakurumidza kudzoka kumunyori. []
1921
Muna February 1921, Andreev akanyora chirevo kuKDI nechikumbiro chekupiwa kwe "kodzero dzepamutemo" uye zvinhu zvishoma zvekushandiswa kweprojekti, uye, zvinosuruvarisa, muchirevo ichi haana kutaura shoko pamusoro pezvakatangira.
Nhoroondo yezvimwe zviitiko muchidimbu seizvi. Kubva pakuongorora kunoparadza kwaE.N. Smirnov, imwe yenyanzvi mbiri dzakasangana neKDU (yechipiri ongororo yakadzorwa zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji yakanaka, yakapiwa naN.A. Rynin), chikumbiro chakarambwa. []
1925
Muna Chikunguru 1925, muvambi akaendesa imwe nyowani, yakadzokororwa yakadzokororwa shanduro kuKDI. Ichokwadi, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kudzokororwa kwakakanganisa kunyanya kuratidzwa kwezvinyorwa uye hakuna kuunza hutsva hutsva muprojekti; kutaura idi, yakadokuderedzwa chose chose kurondedzero yorugwaro yezvikamu nemagungano, izvo muna 1919-1921. zvakaratidzwa chete mumufananidzo. Mushure mekuongorora kwakanaka kubva kune nyanzvi N. G. Baratov uye kuwedzera kudzokororwa kwechinyorwa, musi waMarch 31, 1928, "Patent Letter for the Patent for Invention" yakasayirwa. []
Patent Nhamba 4818
1928
"Pakugamuchira patent muna Nyamavhuvhu 23, 1928, ndakatanga kuishandisa, nekuti. Yakawanda yebasa rekuita rinoitika muimba yandinogara, zvino ndinokumbira rubatsiro mukusashandisa kumanikidzirwa kugara kune 10 sq.m. nzvimbo yandinayo, nokuti izvi zvinoita kuti basa ribudirire.”
— Andreev
CBRIZ (Central Bureau for Implementation of Inventions and Promotion of Invention) - pamusana pekuongorora kusina kunaka kwaJanuary 9, 1929 kubva kune imwe nyanzvi yeinjiniya yeSarudzo Commission - yakaramba rubatsiro rwakakumbirwa naAndreev.
Mukufamba kwemakore gumi, hunyanzvi hwemukati wepurojekiti yaAndreev hazvina kushanduka kubva kune yekutanga vhezheni kuenda kune yekupedzisira inozivikanwa. Iyo yekupedzisira inosiyana neyekutanga kunyanya muhuwandu hwekutsanangurwa kwemavara emamwe maturusi, ayo, kunyangwe, sezvinoonekwa kubva mushanduro yekutanga yekudhirowa, aivepo muurongwa hwemunyori kubva pakutanga, mune 10 chinyorwa ivo vaive. zvingave zvisina kutariswa zvachose kana kuti zvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama kupfuura muzvinyorwa zvetsanangudzo yepatent yakaburitswa muna 1919, senge midziyo yekudzima, pombi, midziyo yemagasi emvura. Mumwe mutsauko pakati pekutsanangura patent uye purojekiti yepakutanga ndeyekuumbwa kwakakura kwechikamu chekushandiswa kwechishandiso: kwete chete (muchimiro chebhegi) yekubhururuka kwevanhu, asiwo yekufambisa mitoro midiki, semuenzaniso, projectile ine. gasi rinopisa kana chinoputika.
Hapana chinozivikanwa pamusoro pemigumisiro yechishuvo chaAndreev chekuita basa rake mukuita. []
N. A. Rynin. Rockets. Uye yakananga reaction injini.
Bhuku rinotenda iro nyika inoziva nezvaAndreev.
Patent kudhirowa. Fig. 1 uye 2 - "pakiti" ine matangi uye pombi dzemafuta, Fig. 3 uye 4 - yepakati bhokisi, mapurazi uye injini. Kutorwa kubva mubhuku raN.A. Rynina
Sources
- Wikipedia:
- Patent:
- Pikabu:
- Ongororo yemauto:
- Russian heroic calendar:
- Zvikamu zve astronautics:
- Zvikamu zve astronautics:
Habradvigatel
JetCat 180 NX turbojet injini.
Injini yakadaro inodhura 350 rubles. Hongu, . Takaitenga nemari yedu. Pechipiri - . Huwandu hwemainjini mana anodiwa - kune vatyairi vakatetepa kana injini 4 kusimudza chitunha che6 kg.
Vhidhiyo kubva .
Hypothesis: Nharaunda yehabra ichakwanisa here kupinza 500-1000 rubles yechitatu, yakasarudzika habra injini? (nyora muPM kana email [email inodzivirirwa])
Source: www.habr.com