Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji mumunda wesoftware uye Hardware, kubuda kwemitemo mitsva yekutaurirana kwakonzera kuwedzera kweInternet yezvinhu (IoT). Huwandu hwezvishandiso huri kukura zuva nezuva uye vari kugadzira huwandu hukuru hwe data. Naizvozvo, pane kudiwa kweyakareruka sisitimu yekuvaka inokwanisa kugadzirisa, kuchengetedza uye kutumira iyi data.
Iye zvino makore masevhisi anoshandiswa kune izvi zvinangwa. Nekudaro, iyo inowedzera kufarirwa fog computing paradigm (Fog) inogona kufambisa mhinduro dzegore nekuyera uye nekugadzirisa IoT zvivakwa.
Makore anokwanisa kuvhara zvikumbiro zvakawanda zveIoT. Semuenzaniso, kupa kutarisa kwemasevhisi, kukurumidza kugadzirisa chero huwandu hwe data inogadzirwa nemidziyo, pamwe nekuona kwavo. Fog computing inoshanda zvakanyanya pakugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo-nguva. Ivo vanopa nekukurumidza mhinduro kune zvikumbiro uye kushoma latency mukugadzirisa data. Ndiko kuti, Fog inozadzisa "makore" uye inowedzera kugona kwayo.
Nekudaro, mubvunzo mukuru wakasiyana: zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kupindirana sei mumamiriro eIoT? Ndeapi maprotocol ekutaurirana anozonyanya kushanda kana uchishanda mune yakasanganiswa IoT-Fog-Cloud system?
Zvisinei nekutonga kuri pachena kweHTTP, kune huwandu hukuru hwedzimwe mhinduro dzinoshandiswa muIoT, Fog uye Cloud system. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti IoT inofanirwa kusanganisa kushanda kweakasiyana ma sensors emudziyo nekuchengetedza, kuenderana, uye zvimwe zvinodiwa nevashandisi.
Asi hapana zano rimwe chete nezve referensi yekuvaka uye yekutaurirana mwero. Naizvozvo, kugadzira protocol nyowani kana kugadzirisa iripo kune chaiyo IoT mabasa nderimwe remabasa akakosha akatarisana nenharaunda yeIT.
Ndeapi maprotocol ari kushandiswa parizvino uye chii chavanogona kupa? Ngatizvionei. Asi chekutanga, ngatikurukurei misimboti ye ecosystem umo makore, mhute neInternet yezvinhu zvinopindirana.
IoT Fog-to-Cloud (F2C) Architecture
Iwe watoona kuti kwakawanda sei kuedza kuri kuiswa mukuongorora zvakanakira uye mabhenefiti ane hukama nehungwaru uye yakarongeka manejimendi yeIoT, gore uye mhute. Kana zvisina kudaro, heano matanho matatu ekumisa: , ΠΈ .
Kana pakutanga mazinga maviri chete aifungidzirwa, makore nemagumo emidziyo, saka iyo yakarongwa yekuvaka inounza nhanho nyowani - fog computing. Mune ino kesi, iyo fog level inogona kukamurwa kuita akati wandei sublevel, zvichienderana neyakajeka yezviwanikwa kana seti yemitemo inotaridza kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvakasiyana mune aya sublevels.
Chii chinogona kutaridzika ichi kubviswa? Heino yakajairika IoT-Fog-Cloud ecosystem. Zvishandiso zveIoT zvinotumira data kumaseva anokurumidza uye zvishandiso zvekombuta kugadzirisa matambudziko anoda yakaderera latency. Mune imwecheteyo system, makore ane basa rekugadzirisa matambudziko anoda huwandu hukuru hwemakomputa zviwanikwa kana nzvimbo yekuchengetedza data.
Mafoni, smart wachi uye mamwe magajeti anogona zvakare kuve chikamu cheIoT. Asi zvishandiso zvakadaro, sekutonga, shandisa proprietary communication protocols kubva kuvagadziri vakuru. Iyo inogadzirwa IoT data inoendeswa kune iyo fog layer kuburikidza neREST HTTP protocol, iyo inopa kuchinjika uye kudyidzana pakugadzira RESTful masevhisi. Izvi zvakakosha maererano nekudiwa kwekuona kuenderana kumashure neiyo iripo komputa zvivakwa zvinomhanya pamakomputa emunharaunda, maseva kana sevha sevha. Zviwanikwa zvemuno, zvinodaidzwa kuti "fog node," sefa data rakagamuchirwa uye rigadzirise munharaunda kana kutumira kune gore kuti riwedzere kuverenga.
Makore anotsigira akasiyana maprotocol ekutaurirana, anowanzo kuve AMQP uye REST HTTP. Sezvo HTTP ichinyatsozivikanwa uye yakagadzirirwa Indaneti, mubvunzo ungamuka: "hatifaniri kuishandisa kushanda neIoT uye fog?" Nekudaro, iyi protocol ine nyaya dzekuita. Zvimwe pane izvi gare gare.
Kazhinji, kune maviri mamodheru emaprotocol ekutaurirana akakodzera sisitimu yatinoda. Aya ndiwo chikumbiro-mhinduro uye buritsa-kunyoresa. Yekutanga modhi inozivikanwa zvakanyanya, kunyanya muserver-client architecture. Mutengi anokumbira ruzivo kubva kune sevha, uye sevha inogamuchira chikumbiro, inogadzirisa uye inodzorera meseji yekupindura. Iyo REST HTTP neCoAP mapuroteni anoshanda pane iyi modhi.
Yechipiri modhi yakasimuka kubva pakudiwa kwekupa asynchronous, kugoverwa, kusununguka kubatanidza pakati pezvinyorwa zvinogadzira data uye vanogamuchira iyi data.
Iyo modhi inotora vatori vechikamu vatatu: muparidzi (dhata sosi), broker (dispatcher) uye munyoreri (anogamuchira). Pano, mutengi anoshanda semunyoreri haafanire kukumbira ruzivo kubva kune server. Panzvimbo yekutumira zvikumbiro, inonyorera kune zvimwe zviitiko muhurongwa kuburikidza nebhuroka, iyo ine basa rekusefa mameseji ese anouya uye nekuafambisa pakati pevaparidzi nevanonyoresa. Uye muparidzi, kana chiitiko chikaitika maererano neimwe musoro, anochiburitsa kune bhuroka, iyo inotumira data pane yakakumbirwa musoro kune munyoreri.
Chaizvoizvo, chivakwa ichi chakavakirwa pachiitiko. Uye iyi yekudyidzana modhi inonakidza kune maapplication muIoT, gore, mhute nekuda kwekugona kwayo kupa scalability uye kurerutsa kubatana pakati pezvishandiso zvakasiyana, kutsigira kune simba-kune-kwakawanda kutaurirana uye asynchronous kutaurirana. Mamwe eanonyanyo zivikanwa akamisikidzwa mameseji mapuroteni anoshandisa dhizaini-nyore modhi anosanganisira MQTT, AMQP, uye DDS.
Zviripachena, iyo yekushambadzira-yekunyorera modhi ine zvakawanda zvakanaka:
- Vaparidzi uye vanyoreri havafanire kuziva nezvekuvapo kweumwe neumwe;
- Mumwe munyoreri anogona kugamuchira ruzivo kubva kune akawanda akasiyana zvinyorwa, uye muparidzi mumwe anogona kutumira data kune vakawanda vakasiyana vanyoreri (vazhinji-kune-vazhinji musimboti);
- Muparidzi uye munyoreri haafanire kuve anoshanda panguva imwe chete kuti ataure, nekuti bhuroka (inoshanda senge queuing system) ichakwanisa kuchengetedza meseji kune vatengi vasiri parizvino kubatana kune network.
Nekudaro, iyo yekukumbira-mhinduro modhi inewo simba rayo. Muzviitiko apo iyo sevha yekugona kubata akawanda macustomer zvikumbiro haisi nyaya, zvine musoro kushandisa yakasimbiswa, yakavimbika mhinduro.
Kune zvakare maprotocol anotsigira ese mamodheru. Semuenzaniso, XMPP uye HTTP 2.0, inotsigira "server push" sarudzo. IETF yakaburitsawo CoAP. Mukuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutumira mameseji, mamwe magadzirirwo akati wandei akagadzirwa, senge WebSockets protocol kana kushandiswa kweHTTP protocol pamusoro peQUIC (Kurumidza UDP Internet Connections).
Munyaya yeWebSockets, kunyange zvazvo inoshandiswa kuendesa data munguva chaiyo kubva kune sevha kuenda kune web client uye inopa hukama hunoramba huripo pamwe chete nekutaurirana kwechipiri, haisi kuitirwa zvishandiso zvine zvishoma zviwanikwa zvekombuta. QUIC zvakare inofanirwa kutariswa, sezvo iyo nyowani yekufambisa protocol inopa yakawanda mikana mitsva. Asi sezvo QUIC haisati yamira, inguva isati yakwana kufanotaura mashandisiro ayo anogona kuitika uye kukanganisa paIoT mhinduro. Saka isu tinochengeta WebSockets uye QUIC mundangariro neziso remangwana, asi isu hatisi kuzoidzidza zvakadzama parizvino.
Ndiani akanakisa munyika: kuenzanisa maprotocol
Zvino ngatitaure pamusoro pesimba uye kusasimba kweprotocol. Tichitarisa kumberi, ngatichimbidzei kubhuya kuti hakuna mutungamiri akajeka. Imwe neimwe protocol ine zvimwe zvakanakira / zvakaipa.
Nguva yekupindura
Imwe yeakanyanya kukosha maitiro ekutaurirana maprotocol, kunyanya ane hukama neInternet Yezvinhu, inguva yekupindura. Asi pakati pezvibvumirano zviripo, hapana anokunda akajeka anoratidza hushoma mwero we latency kana uchishanda pasi pemamiriro akasiyana. Asi kune boka rose rekutsvagisa uye kuenzanisa kwekugona kweprotocol.
Somuenzaniso, kuenzanisa kwekubudirira kweHTTP neMQTT pakushanda neIoT kwakaratidza kuti nguva yekupindura zvikumbiro zveMQTT ishoma pane yeHTTP. Uye rinhi Nguva yekufamba nekudzoka (RTT) yeMQTT neCoAP yakaratidza kuti avhareji RTT yeCoAP i20% yakaderera pane yeMQTT.
Zvimwe neRTT yeMQTT uye CoAP mapuroteni akaitwa mumamiriro maviri: network yemuno uye IoT network. Zvakazoitika kuti avhareji RTT ndeye 2-3 nguva yakakwirira muIoT network. MQTT neQoS0 yakaratidza mhedzisiro yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa neCoAP, uye MQTT neQoS1 yakaratidza yakakwira RTT nekuda kweACKs pachikumbiro uye kutakura mitsara. Kune akasiyana mazinga eQoS, network latency isina kusangana yaive milliseconds yeMQTT, uye mazana emamicroseconds eCoAP. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kana uchishanda pane mashoma akavimbika network, MQTT inomhanya pamusoro peTCP inoratidza mhedzisiro yakasiyana zvachose.
nguva yekupindura ye AMQP neMQTT protocol nekuwedzera mubhadharo wakaratidza kuti nemutoro wakareruka iyo latency level inenge yakafanana. Asi pakuendesa huwandu hwe data, MQTT inoratidza nguva pfupi dzekupindura. mune imwezve CoAP yakafananidzwa neHTTP mumuchina-kune-muchina wekukurukurirana mamiriro ane michina yakaiswa pamusoro pemotokari ine gasi sensors, mamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo sensors (GPS) uye nharembozha network interface (GPRS). Nguva yaidiwa kufambisa meseji yeCoAP panharembozha yaive ipfupi zvakapetwa katatu pane nguva yaidiwa kushandisa mameseji eHTTP.
Zvidzidzo zvakaitwa izvo zvakaenzanisa kwete maviri, asi matatu maprotocol. Semuyenzaniso, kuita kweIoT protocol MQTT, DDS uye CoAP mune yekurapa application mamiriro uchishandisa network emulator. DDS yakapfuura MQTT maererano neyakaedzwa telemetry latency pasi pemhando dzakasiyana dzehurombo network. UDP-based CoAP yakashanda zvakanaka kune zvikumbiro zvaida nguva dzekupindura nekukurumidza, zvisinei, nekuda kwayo kuve UDP-yakavakirwa, pakanga paine kurasikirwa kukuru kusingafungidzirwe.
Bandwidth
MQTT neCoAP maererano nebandwidth inoshanda yakaitwa sekuverenga kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwe data inofambiswa pameseji. CoAP yakaratidza kuderera kwepasi pane MQTT pakutumira mameseji madiki. Asi kana tichienzanisa kushanda kweprotocol maererano nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko anobatsira mabheti kusvika kuhuwandu hwemabheti akatamiswa, CoAP yakave inoshanda zvakanyanya.
pa uchishandisa MQTT, DDS (ine TCP seprotocol yekufambisa) uye CoAP bandwidth, zvakaonekwa kuti CoAP yaiwanzoratidza yakaderera bandwidth kushandiswa, iyo haina kuwedzera nekuwedzera kwe network packet kurasikirwa kana kuwedzera network latency, kusiyana neMQTT neDDS, uko kwaive kuwedzera kwekushandisa bandwidth mune zvataurwa. Chimwe chiitiko chaisanganisira nhamba huru yemidziyo inofambisa data panguva imwe chete, inowanzoitika munzvimbo dzeIoT. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti pakushandiswa kwepamusoro zviri nani kushandisa CoAP.
Pasi pemutoro wakareruka, CoAP yakashandisa bandwidth shoma, inoteverwa neMQTT uye REST HTTP. Nekudaro, apo saizi yemubhadharo yakawedzera, REST HTTP yaive nemhedzisiro yakanaka.
Simba rekushandisa
Nyaya yekushandiswa kwesimba inogara yakakosha, uye kunyanya muIoT system. Kana Nepo MQTT neHTTP zvichishandisa magetsi, HTTP inoshandisa zvakawanda. Uye CoAP yakawanda zvichienzaniswa neMQTT, zvichibvumira kutonga kwesimba. Zvisinei, mumamiriro ezvinhu akareruka, MQTT inonyanya kukodzera kuchinjana ruzivo muIndaneti yeZvinhu network, kunyanya kana pasina kurambidzwa kwemagetsi.
Chiyedzo chakaenzanisa kugona kwe AMQP neMQTT panharembozha kana isina kugadzikana isina waya network testbed yakawana kuti AMQP inopa mamwe kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza nepo MQTT ichinyanya kushandisa simba.
Chengetedzo
Chengetedzo ndiyo imwe nyaya yakakosha yakasimudzwa paunenge uchidzidza musoro weInternet weZvinhu uye fog/cloud computing. Iyo yekuchengetedza nzira inowanzoenderana neTLS muHTTP, MQTT, AMQP uye XMPP, kana DTLS muCoAP, uye inotsigira ese ari maviri DDS akasiyana.
TLS neDTLS zvinotanga nemaitiro ekumisikidza kutaurirana pakati pemutengi nemaseva maseva kuti vachinjane anotsigirwa cipher suites nemakiyi. Mapato ese ari maviri anotaurirana seti kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kumwe kutaurirana kunoitika pachiteshi chakachengeteka. Musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri zviri mukugadziridzwa kudiki kunobvumira UDP-based DTLS kushanda pamusoro pekubatana kusingavimbike.
pa Kuitwa kwakati wandei kweTLS neDTLS kwakaona kuti TLS yakaita basa riri nani. Kurwiswa kweDTLS kwakabudirira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushivirira kwayo kukanganisa.
Nekudaro, dambudziko hombe nemapuroteni aya nderekuti iwo akange asina kugadzirwa kuti ashandiswe muIoT uye akange asina kuitirwa kushanda mumhute kana gore. Kuburikidza nekubata maoko, ivo vanowedzera imwe traffic kune yega yega yekubatanidza, iyo inodhiza zviwanikwa zvekombuta. Paavhareji, kune kuwedzera kwe6,5% yeTLS uye 11% yeDTLS mupamusoro zvichienzaniswa nekutaurirana pasina chengetedzo layer. Munzvimbo dzakapfuma zviwanikwa, izvo zvinowanzowanikwa pazviri nhanho, izvi hazvizove dambudziko, asi mukubatana pakati peIoT nemhute nhanho, ichi chinova chigadziro chakakosha.
Chii chokusarudza? Hapana mhinduro yakajeka. MQTT uye HTTP inoita seyakanyanya kuvimbisa maprotocol sezvo ichionekwa seyakakura uye yakagadzikana IoT mhinduro zvichienzaniswa nemamwe maprotocol.
Mhinduro dzinobva pane yakabatana yekutaurirana protocol
Maitiro e-single-protocol solution ane zvakawanda zvisingabatsiri. Semuyenzaniso, protocol inokodzera nharaunda yakaganhurirwa inogona kusashanda mudura rine zvichemo zvekuchengetedza zvinodiwa. Tine izvi mupfungwa, isu takasiiwa kurasa zvingangoita zvese zvinogoneka imwe-protocol mhinduro muFog-to-Cloud ecosystem muIoT, kunze kweMQTT uye REST HTTP.
REST HTTP seimwe-protocol mhinduro
Pane muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti REST HTTP zvikumbiro uye mhinduro dzinopindirana sei muIoT-to-Fog nzvimbo: . Mhuka idzi dzakashongedzerwa nema sensors anopfekeka (IoT mutengi, C) uye anodzorwa kuburikidza negore computing ne smart farming system (Fog server, S).
Musoro wePOST nzira inotsanangura chigadziriso chekugadzirisa (/purazi/mhuka) pamwe neiyo HTTP vhezheni uye mhando yemukati, iyo mune iyi kesi chinhu cheJSON chinomiririra purazi remhuka iro system ichatarisira (Dulcinea/mombe) . Mhinduro kubva kuseva inoratidza kuti chikumbiro chakabudirira nekutumira HTTPS mamiriro kodhi 201 (source yakagadzirwa). Nzira yeGET inofanira kutsanangura chete chinhu chakumbirwa muURI (semuenzaniso, /farm/animals/1), iyo inodzosa mufananidzo weJSON wemhuka ine ID iyoyo kubva paseva.
Iyo PUT nzira inoshandiswa kana imwe chaiyo rekodhi rekodhi inoda kuvandudzwa. Muchiitiko ichi, chitubu chinotsanangura URI kuti parameter ichinje uye kukosha kwazvino (somuenzaniso, zvichiratidza kuti mhou iri kufamba, /farm/animals/1? state=walking). Chekupedzisira, iyo DELETE nzira inoshandiswa zvakaenzana kune nzira yeGET, asi inongodzima sosi semhedzisiro yekushanda.
MQTT senge imwe-protocol mhinduro
Ngatitorei imwechete yakangwara purazi, asi panzvimbo yeREST HTTP isu tinoshandisa iyo MQTT protocol. Sevha yemunharaunda ine Mosquitto raibhurari yakaiswa inoshanda semutengesi. Mumuenzaniso uyu, komputa yakapfava (inonzi sevhavha yepurazi) Raspberry Pi inoshanda semutengi weMQTT, inoshandiswa kuburikidza nekuiswa kwePaho MQTT raibhurari, iyo inonyatsoenderana neMosquitto broker.
Uyu mutengi anoenderana neIoT yekubvisa layer inomiririra mudziyo une kunzwa uye komputa kugona. Murevereri, kune rumwe rutivi, anoenderana nepamusoro-soro yekubvisa, inomiririra fog computing node inoratidzwa nehukuru hwekugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza kugona.
Mune yakatsanangurwa smart purazi mamiriro, iyo Raspberry Pi inobatanidza kune accelerometer, GPS, uye tembiricha sensors uye inoburitsa data kubva kune aya ma sensor kune fog node. Sezvaungangoziva iwe, MQTT inobata misoro senge hierarchy. Muparidzi mumwechete weMQTT anogona kuburitsa mameseji kune yakatarwa seti yemisoro. Muchiitiko chedu kune vatatu vavo. Kune sensor inoyera tembiricha mudura remhuka, mutengi anosarudza dingindira (mhuka / shed / tembiricha). Kune ma sensors anoyera nzvimbo yeGPS uye kufamba kwemhuka kuburikidza ne accelerometer, mutengi anoshambadzira zvigadziriso kune (mhuka / mhuka / GPS) uye (mhuka / mhuka / kufamba).
Ruzivo urwu ruchaendeswa kune broker, anogona kuichengeta kwenguva pfupi mudura renzvimbo kana mumwe munhu anofarira anouya gare gare.
Kuwedzera kune sevha yemunharaunda, iyo inoshanda seMQTT bhuroka mumhute uye kune iyo Raspberry Pis, inoshanda seMQTT vatengi, inotumira sensor data, panogona kunge paine imwe MQTT broker padanho regore. Muchiitiko ichi, ruzivo rwunotumirwa kune bhuroka remunharaunda rinogona kuchengetwa kwenguva pfupi mudura renzvimbo uye / kana kutumirwa kune gore. Iyo fog MQTT broker mune ino mamiriro inoshandiswa kubatanidza data rese negore MQTT broker. Neichi chivakwa, mushandisi wenharembozha anogona kunyoreswa kune ese mabroker.
Kana iyo yekubatanidza kune imwe yebroker (semuenzaniso, gore) ikatadza, mushandisi wekupedzisira achagamuchira ruzivo kubva kune imwe (fog). Ichi chimiro chechimiro cheakasanganiswa fog uye cloud computing systems. Nekumisikidza, iyo nharembozha inogona kugadzirwa kuti ibatanidze kune fog MQTT broker kutanga, uye kana izvo zvikatadza, kubatana kune gore MQTT broker. Iyi mhinduro ingori imwe yeakawanda muIoT-F2C masisitimu.
Multi-protocol mhinduro
Single protocol mhinduro dzakakurumbira nekuda kwekuita kwavo kuri nyore. Asi zviri pachena kuti muIoT-F2C masisitimu zvine musoro kusanganisa maprotocol akasiyana. Pfungwa ndeyokuti maprotocol akasiyana anogona kushanda pamatanho akasiyana. Tora, semuenzaniso, matatu abstractions: iwo akaturikidzana eIoT, fog uye gore computing. Zvishandiso padanho reIoT zvinowanzoonekwa sezvishoma. Kune iyi ongororo, ngatitarisei maIoT tiers seanonyanya kumanikidzwa, gore risinganyanyi kumanikidzwa, uye fog computing se "kumwe pakati." Zvinoitika ipapo kuti pakati peIoT uye fog abstractions, ikozvino protocol mhinduro dzinosanganisira MQTT, CoAP uye XMPP. Pakati pemhute negore, kune rumwe rutivi, AMQP ndeimwe yemaprotocol makuru anoshandiswa, pamwe neREST HTTP, iyo nekuda kwekushanduka kwayo inoshandiswawo pakati peIoT nefog layer.
Dambudziko guru pano nderekudyidzana kweprotocol uye kureruka kwekufambisa mameseji kubva kune imwe protocol kuenda kune imwe. Nenzira yakanaka, mune ramangwana, dhizaini yeInternet Yezvinhu system ine gore uye mhute zviwanikwa zvichave zvakasununguka kubva kune yekutaurirana protocol inoshandiswa uye ichave nechokwadi chekudyidzana kwakanaka pakati pezvibvumirano zvakasiyana.
Sezvo izvi zvisiri izvo parizvino, zvine musoro kusanganisa maprotocol asina misiyano yakakura. Kuti izvi zviitike, imwe inogona kugadziriswa yakavakirwa pamubatanidzwa wemaprotocols anotevera akafanana ekuvaka maitiro, REST HTTP uye CoAP. Imwe mhinduro yakarongwa yakavakirwa pamusanganiswa wezvirevo zviviri zvinopa kushambadza-kunyorera kutaurirana, MQTT uye AMQP. Kushandisa pfungwa dzakafanana (dzose MQTT neAMQP dzinoshandisa mabhuroka, CoAP neHTTP shandisa REST) ββinoita kuti masanganiswa aya ave nyore kuita uye anoda kushomeka kwekubatanidza.
Mufananidzo (a) unoratidza miviri yekukumbira-mhinduro yakavakirwa modhi, HTTP neCoAP, uye yavo inogona kuiswa muIoT-F2C mhinduro. Sezvo HTTP iri imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anogamuchirwa maprotocol pamanetiweki emazuva ano, hazvigoneke kuti ichatsiviwa zvachose nemamwe mameseji mameseji. Pakati pemanodhi anomiririra midziyo ine simba inogara pakati pegore nemhute, REST HTTP mhinduro yakangwara.
Kune rimwe divi, kune zvishandiso zvine mashoma macomputer zviwanikwa zvinotaurirana pakati peFog neIoT layer, zvinonyanya kushanda kushandisa CoAP. Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru eCoAP iko kuenderana kwayo neHTTP, sezvo ese maprotocol akavakirwa paREST nheyo.
Mufananidzo (b) unoratidza maitiro maviri ekushambadza-kunyorera kutaurirana mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kusanganisira MQTT uye AMQP. Kunyangwe ese ari maviri maprotocol achigona kushandiswa kutaurirana pakati penodhi pane imwe neimwe yekubvisa layer, chinzvimbo chavo chinofanirwa kutariswa zvichienderana nekuita. MQTT yakagadzirwa seyakareruka protocol yemidziyo ine mashoma macomputer zviwanikwa, saka inogona kushandiswa kuIoT-Fog kutaurirana. AMQP inonyanya kukodzera kumidziyo ine simba rakawanda, iyo yaizoimisa pakati pemhute uye makore node. Panzvimbo yeMQTT, iyo XMPP protocol inogona kushandiswa muIoT sezvo ichionekwa seyakareruka. Asi haisi kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
zvakawanikwa
Hazvigoneki kuti imwe yemaprotocol anokurukurwa angave akakwana kuvhara kutaurirana kwese muhurongwa, kubva kumidziyo ine mashoma komputa zviwanikwa kune makore maseva. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti mbiri dzinonyanya kuvimbisa sarudzo dzinoshandiswa nevagadziri zvakanyanya MQTT uye RESTful HTTP. Aya maprotocol maviri haasi iwo akanyanya kukura uye akagadzikana, asi zvakare anosanganisira akawanda akanyorwa uye akabudirira maitirwo uye zviwanikwa zvepamhepo.
Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo uye kurongeka kwayo, MQTT iprotocol yakaratidza kushanda kwayo kwepamusoro nekufamba kwenguva kana ichishandiswa padanho reIoT nemidziyo mishoma. Muzvikamu zvegadziriro umo kutaurirana kushoma uye kushandiswa kwebhatiri haisi nyaya, senge mamwe madhamu emhute uye yakawanda gore komputa, RESTful HTTP isarudzo iri nyore. CoAP inofanirawo kutariswa sezvo iri kukurumidza kubuda seyero yeIoT messaging uye ingangoita kuti isvike padanho rekugadzikana nekukura zvakafanana neMQTT neHTTP munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Asi chiyero chiri kuitika parizvino, chinouya nenyaya dzenguva pfupi dzekuenderana.
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Source: www.habr.com