Pandakanga ndiri mugore rangu diki rechikoro chesekondari (kubva munaKurume kusvika Zvita 2016), ndakashatirwa zvikuru nemamiriro ezvinhu akaitika muimba yedu yekudyira yekuchikoro.
Dambudziko rekutanga: kumirira mumutsara kwenguva yakareba
Dambudziko ripi randakaona? Sezvizvi:
Vadzidzi vakawanda vakaungana panzvimbo yekugovera uye vaifanira kumira kwenguva refu (maminetsi mashanu kusvika gumi). Ehezve, iri idambudziko rakajairika uye yakaringana sevhisi chirongwa: iyo gare gare iwe unosvika, gare gare iwe unozoshandirwa. Saka waigona kunzwisisa chikonzero nei waifanira kumirira.
Dambudziko rechipiri: mamiriro asina kuenzana kune avo vakamirira
Asi, hongu, handizvo zvoga; ini ndaifanirawo kuona rimwe, dambudziko rakakura. Serious zvekuti ndakazofunga kuzama kutsvaga pekubuda napo. Vadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari (ndiko kuti, munhu wese anodzidza kanenge giredhi repamusoro) uye vadzidzisi vakaenda kugovera vasina kumirira mumutsara. Hongu, hongu, uye iwe, somudzidzi wepuraimari, hapana chawaigona kuvaudza. Chikoro chedu chaive nemutemo wakasimba kwazvo maererano nehukama pakati pemakirasi.
Naizvozvo, shamwari dzangu neni, patakanga tiri vatsva, takauya kuresitorendi pakutanga, tave kuda kuwana chikafu - uye ipapo vadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari kana vadzidzisi vakaoneka uye vakangotisundira padivi (vamwe, vaive nemoyo munyoro, vakatitendera kuti tirambe tirimo. nzvimbo yedu mumutsetse). Taifanira kumirira mamwe maminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri, kunyangwe takasvika nekukurumidza kupfuura vamwe vese.
Takava nenguva yakashata zvikuru panguva yokudya kwamasikati. Masikati, munhu wose aimhanyira kuresitorendi (vadzidzisi, vadzidzi, vashandi), saka kwatiri, sevana vechikoro chepuraimari, kudya kwemasikati kwaisambofadza.
Kazhinji mhinduro dzedambudziko
Asi sezvo vatsva vakanga vasina sarudzo, takauya nenzira mbiri dzekudzikisa njodzi yekukandwa kumashure kwemutsara. Yekutanga kuuya kuimba yekudyira mangwanani-ngwanani (ndiko kuti, chaizvo chikafu chisati chatombotanga kupihwa). Yechipiri ndeyekuuraya nemaune nguva yekutamba ping-pong kana basketball uye kusvika nguva yadarika (anenge maminetsi makumi maviri mushure mekutanga kwekudya kwemasikati).
Kumwero wakati kwakashanda. Asi, kutaura idi, hapana akanga achida kumhanyira kukamuri rokudyira nokukurumidza sezvaaigona kuti angokwanisa kudya, kana kuti kupedza zvinotonhora zvakanga zvasara pashure pevamwe, nokuti vakanga vari pakati pokupedzisira. Taida mhinduro yaizoita kuti tizive kana mucafeteria musina kuzara.
Zvingave zvakanaka kana imwe svikiro yafanotaura nezveramangwana kwatiri uye yakatiudza nguva chaiyo yekuenda kuimba yekudyira, kuitira kuti tisazofanira kumirira kwenguva refu. Dambudziko raive rekuti zuva nezuva zvese zvaiitika zvakasiyana. Hatina kukwanisa kungoongorora mapatani uye kuona nzvimbo inotapira. Takanga tine nzira imwe chete yekuziva kuti zvinhu zvaive sei muimba yekudyira - kusvika ikoko netsoka, uye nzira yaigona kuva mazana emamita, zvichienderana nekwawaive. Saka kana ukauya, tarisa kumutsara, dzoka uye uenderere mberi nemweya mumwe chete kusvika wapfupika, unopedza nguva yakawanda. Kazhinji, hupenyu hwaisemesa vekirasi yekutanga, uye hapana chaigona kuitwa nezvazvo.
Eureka - pfungwa yekugadzira Canteen Monitoring System
Uye kamwe kamwe, kare mugore rinotevera rezvidzidzo (2017), ndakati kwandiri: "Ko kana tikaita hurongwa hunoratidza hurefu hwemutsara munguva chaiyo (kureva, kuona traffic traffic)?" Dai ndakabudirira, mufananidzo ungadai uri uyu: vadzidzi vepuraimari vaingotarisa nharembozha dzavo kuti vawane ruzivo rwepamusoro-soro padanho razvino rebasa, uye vaizotora mhedziso kana zvine musoro kuti vaende izvozvi. .
Chaizvoizvo, chirongwa ichi chakagadzirisa kusaenzana kuburikidza nekuwana ruzivo. Nerubatsiro rwayo, vana vechikoro chepuraimari vaigona kuzvisarudzira izvo zvakavanakira kuti vaite - kuenda kunomira mumutsara (kana isina kunyanyorebesa) kana kupedza nguva inobatsira, uye gare gare kusarudza nguva yakakodzera. Ndakafara zvikuru nepfungwa iyi.
Dhizaini yeCanteen Monitoring System
MunaGunyana 2017, ndaifanira kuendesa purojekiti yekosi-yakatarisana nechirongwa, uye ndakaendesa iyi sisitimu sepurojekiti yangu.
Yekutanga system chirongwa (Gunyana 2017)
Kusarudzwa kwemidziyo (Gumiguru 2017)
A simple tactile switch ine yekudhonza-up resistor. Ronga nenhovo shanu mumitsara mitatu yekuziva mutsara uchitevedza mitsetse mitatu
Ini chete ndakaraira makumi mashanu membrane switch, yeWemos D1 mini bhodhi yakavakirwa paESP8266, uye dzimwe mhete dzemhete dzandakaronga kubatanidza waya dzakaiswa enameled.
Prototyping uye kusimudzira (Gumiguru 2017)
Ndakatanga nebreadboard - ndakaunganidza dunhu pairi ndokuiedza. Ndakanga ndisingakwanisi muhuwandu hwezvinhu, saka ndakazviganhurira kune system ine mabhodhi etsoka mashanu.
Kune software yandakanyora muC ++, ndakaisa zvinangwa zvinotevera:
- Shanda nguva dzose uye utumire data chete panguva iyo chikafu chinopiwa (chisvusvuro, masikati, kudya kwemanheru, kudya kwemasikati).
- Ziva mamiriro emutsetse/traffic munzvimbo yekudyira panguva dzakadai zvekuti data rinogona kuzoshandiswa mumamodhi ekudzidza muchina (taura, 10 Hz).
- Tumira data kune sevha nenzira inoshanda (saizi yepakiti inofanira kunge iri diki) uye nenguva pfupi.
Kuti ndizviwane ndaifanira kuita zvinotevera:
- Shandisa iyo RTC (Real Time Clock) module kuti urambe uchitarisisa nguva uye kuona kana chikafu chinopihwa muresitorendi.
- Shandisa nzira yekumanikidza data kurekodha nhovo mune imwe hunhu. Kubata iyo data seshanu-bit bhinari kodhi, ini ndakaronga akasiyana maitiro kune ASCII mavara kuitira kuti anomiririra data data.
- Shandisa ThingSpeak (chishandiso cheIoT cheanalytics uye online charting) nekutumira zvikumbiro zveHTTP uchishandisa nzira yePOST.
Chokwadi, paiva netsikidzi. Semuenzaniso, ini ndaisaziva kuti sizeof( ) mushandisi anodzosa kukosha 4 kune char * chinhu, uye kwete kureba kwetambo (nekuti haisi rondedzero uye, saka, muunganidzi haaverenge urefu) uye zvakashamisa kwazvo kuti nei zvikumbiro zvangu zveHTTP zvaingova nemavara mana kubva kumaURL ese!
Iniwo handina kuisa maparentheses mu #define nhanho, izvo zvakatungamira kune zvisingatarisirwe mhedzisiro. Zvakanaka ngatiti:
#define _A 2 * 5
int a = _A / 3;Pano munhu angatarisira kuti A angave akaenzana ne3 (10/3 = 3), asi chaizvoizvo akaverengwa zvakasiyana: 2 (2 * 5/ 3 = 2).
Chekupedzisira, imwe bug yakakosha yandakabata nayo yaive Reset pane watchdog timer. Ndakatambura nedambudziko iri kwenguva yakareba. Sezvazvakazoitika gare gare, ndanga ndichiedza kuwana iyo yakaderera-level registry pane ESP8266 chip nenzira isiriyo (nekukanganisa ndakaisa NULL kukosha kwechinongedzo kune chimiro).
Nhoo yetsoka yandakagadzira ndikavaka. Pakatorwa mufananidzo wacho, akanga atopona nemavhiki mashanu ekutsikwa-tsikwa
Hardware (foot boards)
Kuti ndive nechokwadi chekuti nhovo dzakakwanisa kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ecanteen, ndakaisa zvinotevera zvinodiwa kwavari:
- Nhoo dzinofanirwa kunge dzakasimba zvakakwana kuti dzitsigire huremu hwemunhu nguva dzese.
- Nhoo ngadzive dzakatetepa kuti dzisakanganise vanhu vari mumutsetse.
- Switch inofanira kushandiswa kana yatsikwa.
- Nhoo dzinofanirwa kunge dzisina mvura. Imba yekudyira inogara yakanyorova.
Kuti ndiite izvi zvinodiwa, ndakagara pane maviri-layer dhizaini - laser-cut acrylic yechigadziko uye chepamusoro chivharo, uye cork sechidziviriro layer.
Ndakagadzira shield layout mu AutoCAD; zviyero - 400 ne 400 millimeters.
Kuruboshwe ndiko kugadzira kwakapinda mukugadzirwa. Kurudyi pane sarudzo ine Lego-mhando yekubatanidza
Nenzira, ini pakupedzisira ndakasiya dhizaini yeruoko rwerudyi nekuti neyakagadziriswa sisitimu zvakazoitika kuti panofanira kunge paine masendimita makumi mana pakati penhovo, izvo zvinoreva kuti handikwanise kuvhara chinhambwe chaidiwa (kupfuura mamita gumi).
Kuti ndibatanidze ma switch ese ndakashandisa enamel waya - muhuwandu vakatora anopfuura 70 metres! Ndakaisa membrane switch pakati penhoo yega yega. Zvikamu zviviri zvakabuda kubva pamativi slots - kuruboshwe uye kurudyi kwechinjira.
Zvakanaka, pakudzivirira mvura ndakashandisa tepi yemagetsi. Tepi yemagetsi yakawanda.
Uye zvose zvakashanda!
Nguva kubva musi wechishanu waMbudzi kusvika XNUMX Zvita
Mufananidzo wehurongwa - zvese zvishanu nhoo zvinoonekwa pano. Kuruboshwe kune zvemagetsi (D1-mini / Bluetooth / RTC)
Musi waNovember XNUMX nenguva dzesere mangwanani (nguva yekudya kwemangwanani), hurongwa hwakatanga kuunganidza data yezvino pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu muimba yekudyira. Handina kudaira maziso angu. Mwedzi miviri chete yapfuura ndaidhirowa hurongwa hwese, ndakagara kumba ndakapfeka mapyjamas, uye tiri pano, iyo system yese ichishanda pasina kurova ... kana kwete.
Software bugs panguva yekuedzwa
Ehe, pakanga paine mabhugi akawanda muhurongwa. Hedzinoi dzandinorangarira.
Chirongwa hachina kutarisa mapoinzi eWi-Fi aripo pakuedza kubatanidza mutengi kuThingSpeak API. Kugadzirisa kukanganisa, ndakawedzera imwe nhanho yekutarisa kuwanikwa kweWi-Fi.
Mukugadzirisa basa, ndakadzokorora kudana "WiFi.begin" kusvikira kubatana kwaonekwa. Gare gare ndakazoona kuti kubatana kunotangwa neESP8266 firmware, uye yekutanga basa rinoshandiswa chete pakumisa Wi-Fi. Ndakagadzirisa mamiriro acho nekufonera basa kamwe chete, panguva yekuseta.
Ndakaona kuti iyo yekuraira mutsara interface yandakagadzira (yaive yakagadzirirwa kuseta nguva, kushandura network marongero) haishande pakuzorora (kureva, kunze kwemangwanani, masikati, kudya kwemanheru uye masikati tii). Ndakaona zvakare kuti kana pasina kutema miti kunoitika, iyo yemukati loop inomhanyisa zvakanyanya uye serial data inoverengwa nekukurumidza. Naizvozvo, ndinoseta kunonoka kuitira kuti sisitimu inomirira mimwe mirairo kuti isvike kana ichitarisirwa.
Ode kune watchdog
Ah, uye chimwezve chinhu pamusoro pedambudziko iro neiyo watchdog timer - ndakaigadzirisa chaizvo padanho rekuyedza mumamiriro e "munda". Pasina kuwedzerera, izvi ndizvo chete zvandaifunga nezvazvo kwemazuva mana. Kuzorora kwega kwega (kwakatora maminetsi gumi) ndaimhanyira kuimba yekudyira kuti ndiedze iyo vhezheni itsva yekodhi. Uye apo kugovera kwakazaruka, ndakagara pasi kweawa, ndichiedza kubata tsikidzi. Handina kana kumbofunga nezvechikafu! Ndatenda nezvinhu zvese zvakanaka, ESP8266 Watchdog!
Maonero andakaita WDT
Code snippet ndainetsekana nayo
Ndakawana purogiramu, kana kuti kuwedzera kweArduino, iyo inoongorora chimiro che data chepurogiramu kana Wdt-reset ikaitika, kuwana ELF faira yekodhi yakabatanidzwa (kuwirirana pakati pemabasa uye mazano). Kana izvi zvaitwa, zvakazoitika kuti kukanganisa kunogona kubviswa sezvinotevera:
Haiwa mhani! Zvakanaka, ndiani aiziva kuti kugadzirisa mabhugi mune chaiyo-nguva system yaive yakaoma! Zvisinei, ndakabvisa tsikidzi, uye rakava benzi. Nekuda kwekusaziva kwangu, ndakanyora chinguva chidiki umo hurongwa hwakapfuura miganhu. Ugh! (index++ uye ++index misiyano miviri mikuru).
Matambudziko nehardware panguva yekuyedzwa
Zvechokwadi, midziyo, kureva, nhovo dzetsoka, yakanga iri kure nekunaka. Sezvaungatarisira, imwe yekuchinja yakanamatira.
Musi waMbudzi XNUMX, panguva yekudya kwemasikati, switch yechitatu yakamira
Pamusoro ini ndapa skrini yechati yepamhepo kubva kuThingSpeak webhusaiti. Sezvauri kuona, chimwe chinhu chakaitika kwakapoteredza 12:25, mushure meiyo nhoo nhamba yechitatu yakakundikana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kureba kwemutsara kwakatemwa kuve 3 (kukosha ndeye 3 * 100), kunyangwe kana iko kusingasvike nhovo yechitatu. Kugadzirisa kwaive kwekuti ini ndakawedzera mamwe padding (hongu, duct tepi) kupa switch imwe nzvimbo.
Dzimwe nguva system yangu yaidzurwa chaiko kana waya yabatwa pamusuwo. Ngoro nemapasuru zvaitakurwa nepamusuwo uyu zvichipinda muimba yekudyira, zvekuti raitakura waya pamwe chete naro, richivhara, uye richiiburitsa kubva musocket. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ndakaona kutadza kusingatarisirwi mukuyerera kwedata uye ndakafungidzira kuti iyo system yakabviswa kubva kune simba sosi.
Kuparadzirwa kweruzivo nezve system muchikoro chose
Sezvatotaurwa, ndakashandisa ThingSpeak API, iyo inoona data pane saiti nenzira yemagirafu, iri nyore kwazvo. Kazhinji, ini ndangotumira chinongedzo kuchirongwa changu muboka reFacebook rechikoro (ndakatsvaga iyi positi kwehafu yeawa uye handina kuiwana - zvinoshamisa kwazvo). Asi ini ndakawana chinyorwa paBand rangu, nharaunda yechikoro, yaNovember 2017, XNUMX:
Kuita kwacho kwainge kwakashata!
Ndakatumira zvinyorwa izvi kuti ndimutse kufarira muprojekti yangu. Nekudaro, kunyangwe kungovatarisa chete kunonakidza pachazvo. Ngatitii munonyatsoona pano kuti nhamba yevanhu yakasvetuka zvakanyanya na6:02 ndokudzika kusvika pazero na6:10.
Pamusoro ndakabatanidza akati wandei magirafu ane chekuita nekudya kwemasikati nemasikati tii. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti huwandu hwebasa panguva yekudya kwemasikati hunenge hwagara huchiitika na12:25 (mutsara wakasvika panhoo yechishanu). Uye pakudya kwemasikati hazviwanzo kuve nemhomho yevanhu vakawanda (mutsara unonyanya kureba bhodhi rimwe).
Unoziva chii chinosekesa? Iyi sisitimu ichiri mhenyu (https://thingspeak.com/channels/346781)! Ndakapinda muaccount yandakamboshandisa ndikaona izvi:
Mugirafu riri pamusoro, ndakaona kuti musi wechitatu waZvita kuwanda kwevanhu kwaive kushoma. Uye hazvishamisi - yaive Svondo. Pazuva rino, anenge munhu wose anoenda kune imwe nzvimbo, nokuti muzviitiko zvakawanda chete neSvondo unogona kusiya chikoro. Zviri pachena kuti hauzooni mweya unorarama muresitorendi pakupera kwevhiki.
Mawaniro andakaita mubairo wekutanga kubva kuKorea Ministry of Education yepurojekiti yangu
Sezvauri kuona iwe pachako, handina kushanda pachirongwa ichi nekuti ndaiyedza kuwana imwe mhando yemubairo kana kuzivikanwa. Ndaingoda kushandisa unyanzvi hwangu kugadzirisa chinetso chisingaperi chandakatarisana nacho kuchikoro.
Zvakadaro, nyanzvi yezvekudya muchikoro chedu, Miss O, wandakashamwaridzana naye zvakanyanya ndichironga nekugadzira chirongwa changu, rimwe zuva akandibvunza kana ndaiziva nezvemakwikwi emazano ekudya. Ipapo ndakafunga kuti yakanga iri imwe nzira yechienzi kuenzanisa pfungwa dzeimba yokudyira. Asi ndakaverenga kabhuku kemashoko ndikaziva kuti basa racho rinofanira kuendeswa panosvika November 24! Zvakanaka. Ndakakurumidza kupedza pfungwa, data uye mifananidzo uye ndakatumira kushandiswa.
Shanduko kune yekutanga pfungwa yemakwikwi
Nenzira, iyo sisitimu yandakazokurudzira yaive yakati siyanei neyakatoitwa. Chaizvoizvo, ndakagadzirisa nzira yangu yekutanga (kuyera kureba kwemutsara munguva chaiyo) kuzvikoro zvakakura zveKorea. Kuenzanisa: muchikoro chedu mune vadzidzi mazana matatu, uye mune vamwe mune vamwe vanhu vakawanda mukirasi imwe chete! Ndaifanira kufunga kuti ndoisa sei system yacho.
Naizvozvo, ini ndakaronga pfungwa yaive yakavakirwa pa "manual" control. Mazuva ano, zvikoro zveKorea zvakatounza chirongwa chekudya kune ese makirasi, ayo anoteedzerwa zvakanyanya, saka ndakavaka rakasiyana "signal-response" type framework. Pfungwa apa yaive yekuti kana boka raishanyira imba yekudyira iri pamberi pako rasvika pane imwe muganhu pakureba kwemutsara (kureva kuti, mutsara wakava mupfupi), ivo pachavo vaizotumira chiratidzo kwauri vachishandisa bhatani kana switch pamadziro. . Chiratidzo chinozoendeswa kuTV skrini kana kuburikidza ne LED bulbs.
Ndaida chaizvo kugadzirisa dambudziko rakamuka muzvikoro zvese munyika. Ndakatowedzera kusimbiswa muchinangwa changu pandakanzwa nyaya kubva kuna Miss O - ndichakuudza izvozvi. Zvinoitika kuti mune zvimwe zvikoro zvakakura mutsara unowedzera kunze kwekafeteria, mumugwagwa wemamita makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu, kunyange munguva yechando, nokuti hapana munhu anogona kuronga nzira yacho zvakanaka. Uye dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti kwemaminetsi akati wandei hapana anoonekwa muimba yekudyira zvachose - uye izvi zvakare zvakaipa. Muzvikoro zvine nhamba huru yevadzidzi, vashandi havana nguva yekushandira munhu wese kunyangwe pasina miniti imwe yenguva yekudya inoraswa. Naizvozvo, avo vanove vekupedzisira kusvika pakugoverwa (kazhinji vadzidzi vepuraimari) vanongoshaya nguva yakakwana yekudya.
Saka, kunyangwe ndaifanira kuendesa chikumbiro changu nekukasira, ndakanyatso funga nezve mashandisiro andaizoita kuti chishandiswe zvakanyanya.
Mharidzo yekuti ndahwina mubairo wekutanga!
Muchidimbu, ndakakokwa kuti ndiuye kuzopa chirongwa changu kuvakuru vakuru vehurumende. Saka ndakaisa matarenda angu ese ePower Point kushanda ndikauya ndokuratidza!
Kutanga kwemharidzo (kure kuruboshwe - mushumiri)
Chaive chiitiko chinonakidza - ndakangouya nechimwe chinhu chedambudziko rekudya, uye neimwe nzira ndakaguma pakati pevakakunda mumakwikwi. Kunyange ndakamira pachikuva, ndairamba ndichifunga kuti: βHmm, ndiri kuitei pano?β Asi kazhinji, chirongwa ichi chakandiunzira rubatsiro rwakakura - ndakadzidza zvakawanda nezvekuvandudzwa kwemasisitimu akaiswa uye kuitwa kwemapurojekiti muhupenyu chaihwo. Zvakanaka, ndakagamuchira mubairo, hongu.
mhedziso
Pane kusekesa pano: zvisinei kuti ndakatora chikamu zvakadii mumakwikwi emarudzi ese nesainzi fairs yandakasaina nemaune, hapana chakanaka chakabuda. Zvino mukana wakangondiwana wondipa maresults akanaka.
Izvi zvakaita kuti ndifunge nezvezvikonzero zvinondikurudzira kutora mapurojekiti. Sei ndichitanga basa - "kukunda" kana kugadzirisa dambudziko rechokwadi munyika yakandipoteredza? Kana chinangwa chechipiri chiri kushanda kwauri, ndinokukurudzira zvakasimba kuti usasiye basa racho. Neiyi nzira yebhizinesi, unogona kusangana nemikana isingatarisirwe munzira uye hauzonzwa kumanikidzwa kubva pakudiwa kwekuhwina - chikuru chinokurudzira chichava chido chebhizinesi rako.
Uye zvinonyanya kukosha: kana iwe ukakwanisa kuita yakanaka mhinduro, unogona kuyedza nekukurumidza munyika chaiyo. Mune mhaka yangu, chikuva chaiva chikoro, asi nekufamba kwenguva, ruzivo runounganidza, uye ndiani anoziva - zvichida chikumbiro chako chichashandiswa nenyika yose kana kunyange nyika yose.
Pese pandinofunga nezvechiitiko ichi, ndinonzwa ndichidada pachangu. Handikwanise kutsanangura kuti sei, asi maitiro ekuita chirongwa akangondiunza mufaro mukuru, uye mubairo waive imwe bhonasi. Mukuwedzera, ndakafara kuti ndakakwanisa kugadzirisira vandinodzidza navo chinetso chaiparadza upenyu hwavo zuva nezuva. Rimwe zuva mumwe wevadzidzi akauya kwandiri ndokuti: βSitimu yenyu iri nyore zvikuru.β Ndaive mudenga rechinomwe!
Ndinofunga kunyangwe pasina mibairo ndaizonzwa kudada nebudiriro yangu iyi ndega. Zvichida kwaiva kubatsira vamwe kwakandiunzira kugutsikana kwakadaro ... kazhinji, ndinoda mapurogiramu.
Zvandaitarisira kubudirira nechinyorwa ichi
Ndinovimba kuti nokurava chinyorwa chino kusvikira kumugumo, wakafuridzirwa kuita chimwe chinhu chichabetsera nzanga yako kana kuti kunyange iwe umene. Ndinokukurudzira kuti ushandise hunyanzvi hwako (programming zvirokwazvo imwe yacho, asi kune vamwe) kushandura chokwadi chakakupoteredza kuti ive nani. Ndinogona kukuvimbisa kuti ruzivo rwauchawana mukuita hahugoni kuenzaniswa nechimwe chinhu.
Inogonawo kuvhura nzira dzawanga usingafungire - ndizvo zvakaitika kwandiri. Saka ndapota, ita zvaunoda uye ita chiratidzo chako panyika! Echo yezwi rimwe chete inogona kuzunungusa nyika yese, saka tenda mauri.
Heano mamwe malink ane chekuita neprojekiti:
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- pazviwanikwa zvenhau
Source: www.habr.com