Nguva yekupedzisira isu nezve kuti kubuda kwemaPC ari nyore kwakabatsira sei kushanduka kwesoftware yedzidzo, kusanganisira vadzidzisi vechokwadi. Iwo ekupedzisira akave epamberi prototypes emazuva ano chatbots, asi haana kumbobvira aitwa mukuwanda.
Nguva yakaratidza kuti vanhu havana kugadzirira kusiya vadzidzisi ve "kurarama", asi izvi hazvina kumisa software yedzidzo. Mukufanana nevadzidzisi vemagetsi, matekinoroji akagadzirwa, nekuda kwekuti iwe unogona kudzidza nhasi chero nguva, chero kupi - kana iwe uine chido.
Ehe, isu tiri kutaura nezve online dzidzo.
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Internet kuyunivhesiti
Mumakore ekuma90, vekutanga vewebhu vanofarira uye vanoedza nemoyo unoda kuvandudza tekinoroji yedzidzo, vachishandisa kugona kweWorld Wide Web. Saka, muna 1995, purofesa weYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia Murray Goldberg akafunga kugadzirisa zvidzidzo zvake achishandisa teknolojia yewebhu uye akaziva kuti network inogona kukurumidza kugadzira zvinhu zvekudzidzisa uye kuita kuti zviwanikwe kune vateereri vasingagumi. Chinhu chaingoshaikwa chaive chikuva chaizosanganisa mabasa ese aya. Uye Goldberg akapa chirongwa chakadaro - basa rakatanga muna 1997 , kosi yekutanga pasi rose manejimendi edzidzo yepamusoro.
Chokwadika, iyi gadziriro yakanga isiri yakanaka. Yakashoropodzwa nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakaoma, "clumsy" codebase uye matambudziko ekuenderana kwebrowser. Nekudaro, kubva pakuita basa rekuona, WebCT yaive nezvese zvataida. Vadzidzi nevadzidzisi vaigona kugadzira tambo dzehurukuro, kutaura pamhepo, kuchinjana maemail emukati, uye kurodha zvinyorwa nemapeji ewebhu. Nyanzvi uye nyanzvi munharaunda yedzidzo dzakatanga kudaidza masevhisi epamhepo akadai nharaunda yedzidzo (Virtual Learning Environment, ).
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Muna 2004, WebCT yakashandiswa nevadzidzi vanosvika miriyoni gumi kubva kumayunivhesiti nemakoreji zviuru zviviri nechidimbu zviri munyika makumi masere. Uye gare gare - muna 10 - chirongwa chakatengwa nevakwikwidzi kubva . Uye nhasi, zvigadzirwa zvekambani iyi ndizvo chaizvo zveimwe indasitiri zviyero - nhamba huru yezvikoro zvinotungamira zvepasirese zvichiri kushanda navo.
Kusvika panguva iyoyo, hutsva hwakawanda hwakanga hwaiswa muchigadzirwa ichi. Semuenzaniso, pasuru yezviyero uye zvakatemwa SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), iyo inosanganisa matekinoroji ekuchinjana data pakati pemutengi we online kudzidza system neserver yayo. Makore akati wandei gare gare, SCORM yakava imwe yeakajairika zviyero zve "kurongedza" zvemukati zvedzidzo, uye ichiri kutsigirwa uye kushandiswa nesimba mune dzakasiyana siyana. .
Sei VLE
Sei vadzidzisi vechokwadi vakaramba vari nyaya yenzvimbo, nepo VLE masisitimu akasvika padanho repasirese? Ivo vaipa zviri nyore uye zvakanyanya kuchinjika mashandiro, zvaive zvakachipa kugadzira nekuchengetedza, uye zvaive nyore kune vashandisi nevadzidzisi. An online learning management system is, chekutanga... online system, webhusaiti. Iyo haina "hombe" software musimboti inoda kunzwisisa anouya cues uye kufunga mapinduriro kwavari.
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Muchokwadi, ese masystem anofanirwa kuve nekugona kudhawunirodha zvemukati nekuzviparadzira kumapoka evashandisi. Chinokosha ndechekuti VLE mhinduro hadzina kupesana nevadzidzisi ve "kurarama". Iwo akange asina kuitirwa sechishandiso chaizopedzisira chabvisa makumi ezviuru zvevashandi vekumayunivhesiti pabasa; pane kudaro, masisitimu akadaro aifanirwa kurerutsa zviitiko zvavo, kuwedzera mikana yehunyanzvi uye kuwedzera huwandu hwekuwanikwa kwezvinhu. Uye ndizvo zvakaitika, masisitimu eVLE akapa mukana nyore kune ruzivo uye akabatsira kugadzirisa basa rezvidzidzo zvedzidzo kumazana emayunivhesiti.
Zvese zvemunhu wese
Munguva yekugoverwa kweWebCT, beta vhezheni yepamhepo papuratifomu yakatanga kushanda . Muna 2002, zvakange zvakaoma kuwedzeredza kukosha kwechiitiko ichi - imwe yemayunivhesiti anotungamira pasi rose yakavhura mukana wemahara kumakosi makumi matatu nemaviri. Pakazosvika 32, nhamba yavo yakapfuura 2004, uye chikamu chikuru chezvirongwa zvedzidzo chaisanganisira mavhidhiyo akarekodhwa ehurukuro.
Makore mashoma gare gare, muna 2008, vadzidzi vekuCanada George Siemens, Stephen Downes, naDave Cormier vakatanga yekutanga Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). Vadzidzi makumi maviri nevashanu vaibhadharwa vakave vateereri vavo, uye vamwe 25 vateereri vakagamuchira mahara uye vakabatanidzwa kuburikidza netiweki.
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Musoro weiyo MOOC yekutanga wakave wakanyanya kukodzera - idzi dzaive hurukuro dzekubatanidza, zvine chekuita nesainzi yekuziva uye zvidzidzo zvepfungwa uye maitiro mumanetiweki. Connectionism yakavakirwa pakuwana pachena ruzivo, iyo "haifanire kudziviswa nenguva kana zvirambidzo zvenzvimbo."
Varongi vekosi vakashandisa huwandu hweInternet matekinoroji aiwanikwa kwavari. Vakabata webinars, blogging, uye vakatokoka vateereri munyika chaiyo yeChipiri Hupenyu. Ese nzira idzi dzakazoshandiswa mune mamwe maMOOC. Muna 2011, Stanford University yakatanga makosi matatu epamhepo, uye makore matatu gare gare, zvinopfuura 900 zvirongwa zvakadaro zvakapihwa kuvadzidzi muUnited States chete.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kutanga kwatora dzidzo. Mudzidzisi weAmerica Salman Khan yako "academy", uko mamirioni evashandisi vanodzidza. Iyo Coursera portal, iyo yakatangwa muna 2012 nemapurofesa maviri eStanford, yakanga yaunganidza vashandisi 2018 miriyoni panosvika 33, uye pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu 2019, zviuru zvitatu nemazana matanhatu ezvidzidzo kubva kumayunivhesiti zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe zvakaiswa pa portal. Udemy, Udacity uye mamwe akawanda masevhisi akavhura musuwo weruzivo rutsva, mabasa uye zvekuzvivaraidza.
Chii chinotevera
Haasi matekinoroji ese akararama zvinoenderana netarisiro yekutanga. Semuyenzaniso, nyanzvi zhinji nevadzidzisi vakafanotaura kuputika kukurumbira kwemaitiro chaiwo chaiwo, asi kutaura zvazviri, vadzidzi vazhinji vaisada kutora makosi ekutyaira eVR. Asi kuchiri kukasika kuti utore mhedziso; nhamba diki yezvikoro zvedzidzo zvakaedza matekinoroji aya, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo VR ichiri kuwana vateereri vayo - mainjiniya emangwana uye vanachiremba vatove kudzidzira kuvhiya pamasimisheni chaiwo uye kudzidza dhizaini yemaitiro akaomarara. . Nenzira, tichataura pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwakadaro uye kutanga mune zvinotevera zvinyorwa pakutanga kwegore rinotevera.
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Kana ari maMOOCs, nyanzvi dzinodaidza nzira iyi kune software yedzidzo budiriro yakanyanya munzvimbo ino mumakore mazana maviri apfuura. Chokwadi, zvakatooma kufungidzira nyika isina dzidzo yepamhepo. Chero zvinangwa zvaunozvimisira, chero misoro yaunofarira iwe, ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa rwunowanikwa nekungodzvanya kumwe chete. Pane ino chinyorwa, tinopedzisa nyaya yedu yedzidzo software. Tenda mauri uye zvese zvinogoneka!
Kuwedzera kuverenga:
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Source: www.habr.com