Mhedzisiro: 9 yakakura tekinoroji kubudirira muna 2019

Alexander Chistyakov ari mukubata, ini ndiri muevhangeri vdsina.ru uye ndikuudze nezve 9 akanakisa tekinoroji zviitiko zve2019.

Mukuongorora kwangu, ndaivimba zvakanyanya nekuravira kwangu pane maonero enyanzvi. Nokudaro, iyi rondedzero, semuenzaniso, haisanganisi mota dzisina mutyairi, nekuti hapana chinhu chitsva kana chinoshamisa mune iyi tekinoroji.

Ini handina kuronga zviitiko zviri murondedzero nekukosha kana wow maitiro, nekuti kukosha kwavo kuchave kwakajeka mumakore gumi, uye wow mhedzisiro ndeyenguva pfupi, ndangoedza kuita kuti nyaya iyi iwirirane.

1. Portable server applications muRust programming language yeWebAssembly

Ini ndichatanga ongororo nemishumo miviri:

1. Report Brian Cantrill "Nguva yekunyorazve OS muRust?", yakaverengwa naye kumashure muna 2018.

Panguva yekuverenga chirevo, Brian Cantrill aishanda kuJoyent seCTO uye aisaziva kuti 2019 yaizopera sei kwaari naJoyent.

2. Chirevo chaSteve Klabnik, nhengo yeboka guru remutauro weRust uye munyori webhuku rinonzi "The Rust Programming Language", achishanda pa Cloudflare, paanotaura nezvezvinhu zveRust language uye WebAssembly teknolojia, iyo inokubvumira kushandisa web browser se. mapuratifomu ekumhanyisa maapplication.

Muna 2019, WebAssembly ine yayo WASI interface, iyo inopa mukana wekushandisa sisitimu zvinhu zvakaita semafaira uye zvigadziko, yafamba kupfuura mabhurawuza uye iri kunanga sevha software musika.

Hunhu hwebudiriro huri pachena - vanhu vane imwe nguva yekumhanya inokwanisa kumhanyisa maapplication eWebhu (pane munhu anorangarira musimboti weWORA, wakagadzirwa nevanyori vemutauro weJava?).

Isu tine zvakare yakachengeteka nzira yekuvaka zvikumbiro izvi nekuda kweRust mutauro, uyo raison d'être ndeyekubvisa makirasi ese ekukanganisa panguva yekuunganidza.

WebAssembly inoshandura mutambo zvekuti Solomon Hikes, mumwe wevagadziri veDocker, akanyora kuti dai WebAssembly neWASI yaivepo muna 2008, Docker angadai asina kuzvarwa.

Hazvishamise kuti Rust aive pakati pevakatora tekinoroji nyowani inotakurika - ecosystem yayo iri kusimukira zvine simba uye Rust yanga iri iyo inonyanya kufarirwa mutauro wehurongwa kwemakore akati wandei, zvichienderana nemhedzisiro. ongororo yakaitwa neStackOverflow.

Ichi chitsvedza kubva muhurukuro yaSteve, iyo inoratidza zvakajeka chiyero chehuwandu hwekuchengetedza tsikidzi dzinodzivirirwa zvachose kana uchishandisa Rust kune huwandu hwese hwezvipembenene zvakawanikwa muMS Windows mumakore gumi nehafu apfuura.

Microsoft yaifanira neimwe nzira kupindura kune dambudziko rakadaro, uye rakaita.

2. Project Verona kubva kuMicrosoft, iyo ichachengetedza Windows uye kuzarura peji itsva yezvakaitika kune chero OS

Huwandu hwezvipembenene muMicrosoft Windows kernel uye zvirongwa zvakawanda zvevatengi zvakawedzera zvakada kuita mutsetse mumakore gumi nemaviri apfuura.

Muna 2019, Matthew Parkinson weMicrosoft yakaratidza Project Verona kune veruzhinji, izvo zvinogona kugumisa izvi.

Iri idanho reMicrosoft rekugadzira mutauro wakachengeteka wechirongwa unoenderana nemafungiro eRust mutauro: vaanoshanda navo kubva kuMicrosoft Research vakaona kuti matambudziko mazhinji ekuchengetedza akabatana nenhaka inorema yemutauro weC, umo manyorerwo mazhinji eWindows. Mutauro waVerona's Rust-like unogadzirisa ndangariro uye kuwana panguva imwe chete kune zviwanikwa uchishandisa zero-mutengo abstraction musimboti. Kana iwe uchida kunzwisisa zvakadzama kuti inoshanda sei, tarisa Parkinson's own report.

Zvinonakidza kuti Microsoft inowanzoonekwa sehumambo hwakashata uye anopikisa zvese zvitsva, zvisinei nekuti Simon Peyton-Jones, mugadziri mukuru weGlasgow Haskell Compiler, anoshanda kuMicrosoft.

Mubvunzo waBrian Cantrill kubva pandima yekutanga: "Haisi nguva yekunyorazve kernel yekushandisa muRust?" yakagamuchira mhinduro isingatarisirwi - zviri pachena kuti hazvisati zvave kuita kunyora patsva system yekushandisa kernel, asi zvirongwa zvinomhanya munzvimbo yemushandisi zvave kutonyorwa patsva. Maitiro asingamisiki atanga, uye izvi zvichavhura peji nyowani yeramangwana kune ese anoshanda masisitimu.

3. Kuwedzera kukurumbira kwemutauro weDart programming nekuda kweFlutter framework

Ndine chokwadi chekuti nhau dzinotevera dzinoshamisa zvikuru kwete isu chete uye neruzhinji rwevanhu, asiwo kune vazhinji vevatori vechikamu zvakananga mukuumbwa kwayo. Mutauro wechirongwa cheDart, wakaonekwa paGoogle makore masere apfuura, wakaona kukurumidza kukurumbira gore rino.

Ini ndinoshandisa nzira yangu yekuongorora kufarirwa kwemitauro yekuronga nekuongorora zvinyorwa paGithub, kamwe chete pamwedzi. kuvandudza data mutafura. Kana pakutanga kwegore kwaingova nezana rakakurumbira repositories paDart, nhasi patova ne100 yavo.

Dart yabata Erlang, PowerShell, R, Perl, Elixir, Haskell, Lua uye CoffeeScript mukuzivikanwa. Hapana mumwe mutauro wepurogiramu unoratidzika kuva wakakura nokukurumidza gore rino. Sei zvakaitika?

Imwe yemishumo inokosha yegore rino maererano neHackerNews vateereri yakaverengwa naRichard Feldman ichibva yashevedzwa "Nei hurongwa hwekushanda husiri hwakajairika?" Chikamu chakakosha chemushumo chakatsaurirwa kuongororwa kwekuti mitauro yekuronga inove yakakurumbira sei. Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru, maererano naRichard, kuvepo kwechikumbiro chakakurumbira kana chimiro, nemamwe mazwi iyo mhondi app.

Kune mutauro weDart, chikonzero chekuzivikanwa kwayo ndeye mobile application yekuvandudza chimiro Flutter, kukwira mukuzivikanwa kweiyo, maererano neGoogle Trends, yakangoitika pakutanga kwegore rino.

Hatina chatinoziva nezveDart sezvo isu tisingaite nharembozha, asi tinotambira neushamwari mumwe mutauro wakadhindwa wechirongwa.

4. Mukana wekupona kweLinux kernel nenharaunda yayo nekuda kweBPF virtual muchina

Isu paVDSina tinoda misangano: gore rino ndakaenda kumusangano weDevOops muSt. Muna 2019, maonero aitungamira muhurukuro dzakadai aive:

• Docker akafa nekuti akanyanya kufinha
• Kubernetes mupenyu uye achagara rinenge gore - zvicharamba zvichitaurwa nezvazvo pamisangano muna 2020.
• Zvichakadaro, hapana munhu mupenyu akatarisa muLinux kernel kwenguva yakareba

Ini handisi kugovera iyo yekupedzisira poindi; kubva pakuona kwangu, kwete chete zvinonakidza, asi zvinhu zvekuchinja zviri kuitika ikozvino mukuvandudzwa kweLinux kernel. Chinonyanya kukosha ndeye eBPF chaiyo muchina, iyo yakatanga kugadzirwa kugadzirisa basa rinofinha rekusefa network mapaketi, ndokuzokura kuita general-chinangwa kernel-level virtual muchina.

Kubudirira kweLinux kernel: hongu

Kubudirira kweLinux kernel: ikozvino

Nekuda kweBPF, iyo kernel ikozvino inoshuma kuitika kwezviitiko zvinogona kugadziriswa zvishoma kunze kwekernel - iyo interface inoita kuti zvikwanise kupindirana zvakachengeteka uye zvine hungwaru ne kernel kubva munzvimbo yemushandisi uye kuwedzera uye kuzadzisa mashandiro eLinux kernel, ichipfuura zvese. ziso rinoona raLinus Torvalds.

Pamberi peBPF, kugadzira zvirongwa zvine zviitiko zvine hukama zvakanyanya nekudyidzana neLinux kernel yaive nyaya yakaoma - kugadzira zvinhu senge madhiraivha ezvishandiso zvinononoka uye nzvimbo dzekupindirana kwemafaira masisitimu muuserspace inodiwa kuenda nenzira yekuongorora yakarongwa nevagadziri veLinux kernel.

Kuonekwa kweBPF interface kwakarerutsa zvakanyanya nzira yekunyora zvirongwa zvakadaro - iyo yekupinda chikumbaridzo yakaderedzwa, pachava nevazhinji vanogadzira uye nharaunda ichauya kuhupenyu zvakare.

Handisi ndega mune chido changu: Mugadziri wekernel wenguva refu David Miller inozivisa kukosha kweBPF yekurarama (!) yekernel development ecosystem. Mumwe, asina mukurumbira mugadziri Brendan Gregg (Ini ndiri fan wake mukuru) inodana eBPF budiriro, iyo isina kuenzana kwemakore makumi mashanu.

Zvichakadaro, Linus Torvalds kazhinji haamurumbidze pachena nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadaro, uye ini ndinogona kumunzwisisa - ndiani anoda kuzviratidza pachena sebenzi? 🙂

5. Linux yakaisa chingangoita chipikiri chekupedzisira mubhokisi reFreeBSD nekuda kweasynchronous io_uring interface muLinux kernel.

Tichiri pamusoro peiyo Linux kernel, zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze imwe shanduko yakakosha yakaitika gore rino: kuisirwa yepamusoro-inoshanda asynchronous I/O API io_uring naJens Axbow weFacebook.

Kwemakore akawanda, masystem administrator uye FreeBSD vagadziri vakavakirwa sarudzo yavo pachokwadi chekuti FreeBSD yakaita zvirinani asynchronous I/O pane Linux. Semuenzaniso nharo iyi yakashandiswa mumushumo wake muna 2014 Gleb Smirnov kubva kuNginx.

Ikozvino mutambo wapinduka. Iyo Ceph yakagoverwa faira system yakatochinja kushandisa io_uring uye mhedzisiro yebenchmark mhedzisiro inonakidza, neIOPS inowedzera kubva pa14% kusvika 102% zvichienderana nekukura kwebhuroka. Pane prototype inoshandisa asynchronous I/O muPostgreSQL (zvirinani kumunyori wemberi), rimwe basa rakarongwa pakushandura PostgreSQL kuita asynchronous I/O. Asi tichipihwa hunhu hwekuchengetedza nharaunda yevagadziri, isu hatizoone shanduko idzi muna 2020.

6. AMD yekukunda kudzoka neRyzen processor line

Hapana chisina kujairika, ingori iyo AMD, yanga iri padivi muindasitiri kwenguva yakareba, iri kutyora rekodhi.

Mutsara mutsva weRyzen processors wakaratidza mutengo unoshamisa / chiyero chekuita: ivo tonga runyorwa rweanonyanya kutengesa processors paAmazon, uye mune mamwe matunhu AMD processor yekutengesa inodarika Intel kutengesa. Mumakwikwi, Intel inomanikidzwa tora matanho asingafarirwe zvakanyanya: Inokonzeresa kuti zvirongwa zvakavakwa neazvo compiler zvifambe zvisina basa pane processor yemukwikwidzi. Kunyangwe nzira dzakasviba dzeIntel dzekurwa, Kukosheswa kwemusika we AMD kuri padyo nerekodhi kukosha kwe2000.

7. Kutevera AMD, Apple ine chinangwa chekutora chidimbu cheIntel pie ine iPadOS uye yekare Gates tricks.

Wese munhu anogona kubata chombo mumaoko anowanzo edza kutora chikamu muhondo dzehofori, uye kwete chete AMD iri kurwira chikafu cheIntel. Apple yakaita sebhuru rekare mujee.

tichadzika mugomo zvishoma nezvishomaNzombe huru neduku inomira pamusoro pegomo, uye boka remhou rinofura pasi.
Hando duku inopa yakura:
- Teerera, ngatikurumidze, kurumidza kuburuka uye kugogodza pamombe
uye nekukurumidza, nekukurumidza, tichadzokera kumusoro!
- Aihwa!
- Zvakanaka, saka ngatikurumidze, nekukurumidza kuburuka, ngatishevedze mhou mbiri imwe neimwe nekukurumidza-
Ngatisimukei nekukurumidza!
- Aihwa!
- Zvakanaka, chii chaunoronga ipapo?
- Tichaenda zvishoma nezvishoma, zvishoma nezvishoma kudzika gomo, tichauraya boka rose uye
Ngatidzokerei zvishoma nezvishoma kunzvimbo yedu!

Nekuburitsa iyo itsva iPadOS, Apple yakashandisa zano rinopesana neIntel rinonzi "kukanganisa innovation."

Wikipedia tsananguro

"Kukanganisa innovation" innovation inoshandura chiyero chehunhu mumusika. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvigadzirwa zvekare zvinove zvisingakwikwidzi nekuda kwekuti maparameter ayo makwikwi aimbove akavakirwa anorasikirwa nekukosha kwawo.

Mienzaniso ye "zvinovhiringidza zvitsva" inhare (yakatsiviwa neteregirafu), zvikepe (zvakatsiviwa ngarava), semiconductors (yakatsiviwa vacuum midziyo), makamera edhijitari (akatsiviwa firimu kamera), uye email (akavhiringidzwa tsamba dzechinyakare).

Apple inoshandisa yayo yakaderera-simba ARM-yakavakirwa processors, uye izvi zvaratidza kuve zvakakosha kune vashandisi pane kunonoka kuita kweIntel's x86.

Apple iri kugona kubvuta chikamu chemusika, ichishandura iyo iPad kubva kune yekuvaraidza terminal kuita yakazara-yakazara basa chishandiso - kutanga kune avo vanogadzira zvemukati, uye zvino kune vanogadzira. Ehe, isu hatizoona ARM-yakavakirwa MacBook chero nguva munguva pfupi iri kutevera, asi matambudziko madiki nemagadzirirwo eMacBook Pro keyboards ari kukurudzira kutsvaga kwedzimwe mhinduro, uye imwe yacho inovimbisa kuve iyo iPad Pro ine iPadOS.

Chii chinonzi Gates neMicrosoft chine chekuita nazvo?

Pane imwe nguva, Gates akabvisa hunyengeri hwakafanana neBMM.

Mumakore ekuma1970, IBM yaitonga musika weseva, neruvimbo rwehofori ichifuratira makomputa emunhuwo zvake. Mumakore ekuma1980, Gates akagadzira IBM nemari uye ane rezenisi MS-DOS kwairi, achisiya kodzero dzekushandisa sisitimu kwaari. Mushure mekugamuchira mari, Microsoft yakagadzira graphical interface yeMS-DOS, uye Windows yakazvarwa - pakutanga ingori graphical yekuwedzera pamusoro peDOS, uyezve yekutanga sisitimu yekushandisa yePC, yakanakira kushandiswa nevanhu vazhinji. IBM, iri hombe, yakapusa kambani, iri kurasikirwa nemusika wekombuta wega kune vadiki uye nekukurumidza Microsoft. Ndataura nyaya huru iyi muchidimbu, saka kana urikunetseka kuti Apple ichatamba sei neIntel muna 2020 ine iPadOS, ndinokurudzira zvikuru. riverenge rose.

8. Kusimbisa nzvimbo yeZFSonLinux - bhiza rekare hariparadzi muforo

Canonical Company yakaunza kugona kuisa Ubuntu uchishandisa iyo ZFS faira system semudziyo faira system zvakananga kubva kune inoisa. Dzimwe nguva zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti mainjiniya akashanda kuSun Microsystems anomiririra akasiyana biological mhando yeHomo sapiens (Brian Cantrill naBrendan Gregg, vatotaurwa pamusoro, vakashanda kuZuva). Zvitongere iwe pachako, kunyangwe makore mazhinji ekuedza kwevanhu vese kuita chimwe chinhu chiri kure chakafanana neZFS faira system, kunyangwe zvisingachinjike zvirambidzo zverezinesi zvinodzivirira kuisirwa kweiyo ZFS source code mubazi guru rekusimudzira reLinux kernel, isu tichiri kushandisa. ZFS, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu haashanduke munguva pfupi iri kutevera.

9. Oxide Computer Company - isu tichanyatso tarisisa timu, iyo inonyatsokwanisa kuita zvakawanda - zvirinani kugadzira inotonhorera show.

Ndinopedzisa runyoro rwangu neimwe kutaurwa kwaBrian Cantrill, kwandakatanga.

Brian Cantrill nevamwe mainjiniya (vamwe vavo vaimboshanda kuZuva) vakatanga chirongwa chinonzi Oxide Computer Company, chinangwa chikuru chekugadzira server platform yakakodzera kushandiswa pamwero mukuru. Zvinozivikanwa kuti makambani makuru kwazvo akadai seGoogle, Facebook neAmazon haashandise yakajairwa server hardware mumabasa avo. Kambani yaBrian ine chinangwa chekubvisa kusaenzana uku nekugadzira software uye hardware chikuva chakakodzera kushandiswa nechero Cloud sevhisi (kusanganisira iyo Rust programming mutauro).

Pfungwa yavo ivimbiso yechimurenga chitsva, uye ini ndichafara, kuona kufamba kwemifungo yavo nekukura kwavo mugore ra2020 riri kuuya.

Zvatakakwanisa kuita muna 2019 kuVDSina

Hatina kuita budiriro yetekinoroji muna 2019 neVDSina, asi tichine chimwe chinhu chekudada nacho.

MunaFebruary, isu takawedzera kugona kushandisa network yemuno pakati pemaseva uye takatangisa domain rekunyoresa sevhisi. Mutengo wakaitwa imwe yepasi pamusika - 179 rubles per ru / рф, kusanganisira yekuvandudzwa.

Muna Kurume takataura paIT Global Meetup #14.

Muna Kubvumbi, takawedzera hupamhi hwechiteshi chesevha yega yega kubva pa100 kusvika ku200 Megabits, uye takawedzera zvakanyanya muganho wetraffic wemitengo yese (kunze kwekuchipa) - kusvika ku32 TB pamwedzi.

Muna Chikunguru, vatengi vaive nemukana wekuisa otomatiki Windows Server 2019. Dziviriro yeDDoS yemahara yakatanga kupihwa mukati menzvimbo yeMoscow.
Zvakare muna Chikunguru, kambani yedu yakaonekwa paHabré, ichitanga chinyorwa pamusoro pemanyorero atakaita yedu pachedu yekubata control panel uye kuti zvakatibatsira sei kutora quantum leap murutsigiro rwevatengi.

Muna Nyamavhuvhu, vakawedzera kugona kugadzira snapshots-server backups.
Iyo yeruzhinji API yakaburitswa.
Isu takawedzera hupamhi hwechiteshi chesevha yega yega kubva pa200 kusvika ku500 Megabits.
Takatora chikamu mumusangano weChaos Constructions 2019, tichigovera zvikwapuro zvine logo yekambani sekutengesa (sirogani yemushandirapamwe yanga iri "Apo mugadziri ari pamusoro") uye akaridza hurukuro dzeteregiramu.

MunaGunyana, takatangisa yakanakisa uye inoshamwaridzana Instagram yekambani yeIT - VDSina akatanga kutaura nezvenhau uye hupenyu hwemazuva ese. mugadziri wembwa.

MunaNovember, takaenda kuHighload ++, takatora tafura yakatenderedza pa "databases muKubernetes" uye takapfekedza vatori vechikamu muhembe dze shark.

Muna Zvita, takataura pamusangano weDevOps muhofisi yeGazPromNeft neshumo nezve databases muKubernetes uye kumusangano weDevOpsDays muMoscow. nemushumo wekuneta, izvo zvaive zvechokwadi kuita kwangu kwegore.

mhedziso

Sezvakataurwa naNassim Taleb, zviri nyore kufanotaura zvatisingazoona. Ndinoda kuziva kuti zvese zvitsva zvatichaona muna 2020 zvakatanga muna 2019, 2018 uye kutanga. Ini handifungi kufanotaura ramangwana nemazvo, asi 2020 haringazove gore reLinux padesktop (pawaive nguva yekupedzisira kuona desktop?) Uye tanga tichiona gore reLinux panharembozha gumi. makore zvino.

Chero zvazvingava, ndinovimba kuti mugore tichaungana zvakare uye kukurukura kuti zvinhu zvose zvakafamba sei.

Anofara Mahoridhe munhu wese!

Tevera mugadziri wedu pa Instagram

Source: www.habr.com