Apo ndakava bhosi mudukusa papepanhau, mupepeti mukuru wangu panguva iyeyo, mukadzi uyo akava mhumhi ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira munhau shure munguva dzeSoviet, akandiudza, kuti: “Yeuka, sezvo wakatotanga kukura, kutarisira gadziriro ipi neipi yezvinobudisa nhau. zvakangofanana nekumhanya nemumunda wezvimbambaira. Kwete nekuti zvine njodzi, asi nekuti hazvitarisike. Isu tiri kubata neruzivo, uye hazvibviri kuverengera nekuibata. Ndosaka vese vapepeti-vakuru vachimhanya, asi hapana mumwe wedu anoziva kuti achaputika riini uye chii chaizvo. "
Handina kuzvinzwisisa ipapo, asi zvino, apo ini, saPinocchio, ndakakura, ndakadzidza uye ndakatenga zviuru zvejaketi zvitsva ... Kazhinji, ndadzidza zvishoma nezvenhoroondo yeRussia journalism, ndakava nechokwadi chokuti thesis. ichokwadi chose. Kangani vanoita maneja enhau - kunyangwe mamaneja makuru enhau! - vakapedza basa ravo nekuda kwekusangana kusingafungidzike zvachose kwemamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvaive zvisingakwanisi kufanotaura.
Ini handisi kuzokuudza iye zvino kuti mupepeti-mukuru we "Funny Pictures" uye mufananidzo mukuru Ivan Semenov akapotsa apiswa nezvipembenene - mupfungwa chaiyo yezwi. Iyi ichiri imwe nyaya yeChishanu. Asi ini ndichakuudza iyo nyaya yemukuru uye anotyisa Vasily Zakharchenko, kunyanya sezvo iri chaizvo maererano neprofile yaHabr.
Magazini yeSoviet "Technology for Youth" yaifarira zvikuru sayenzi nesayenzi ngano. Naizvozvo, vaiwanzoibatanidza nekubudisa ngano dzesainzi mumagazini.
Kwemakore akawanda, akawanda, kubva muna 1949 kusvika muna 1984, magazini yacho yaitungamirirwa nemupepeti wenhau ane mukurumbira Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko, uyo, chaizvoizvo, akaita kuti ive “Technology for Youth” iyo yaitinhira munyika yose, yakava ngano yeSoviet journalism uye. yakagamuchirwa nevakawanda. Nemhaka yemamiriro ezvinhu epashure, nguva nenguva “Tekinoroji Yevechiduku” yaibudirira mune izvo vamwe vashomanana vakabudirira kubudisa vanyori vengano dzesayenzi dzeAnglo-America.
Kwete, vanyori vemazuva ano veAnglo-American science fiction vakashandurwa uye vakaburitswa muUSSR. Asi mumagazini - kashoma.
Sei? Nekuti iyi vateereri vakawanda. Aya matenderedzwa anosekesa kunyangwe nemaitiro eSoviet. “Technology for Youth,” somuenzaniso, yakabudiswa mukuparadzirwa kwemakopi ane mamiriyoni 1,7.
Asi, sezvandambotaura, dzimwe nguva zvaishanda. Nokudaro, kweanenge 1980 yose, vadi vesayenzi vanofara vakarava bhuku raArthur C. Clarke rinonzi “The Fountains of Paradise” mumagazini yacho.
Arthur Clarke aionekwa seshamwari yenyika yeSoviet, akatishanyira, akashanyira Star City, akasangana uye akanyorerana ne cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. Kana riri bhuku rinonzi "The Fountains of Paradise," Clark haana kumbovanza chokwadi chekuti mubhuku akashandisa pfungwa ye "space elevator," yakatanga kuiswa mberi nemugadziri weLeningrad Yuri Artstanov.
Mushure mekudhindwa kwe "Fountains ..." Arthur Clarke akashanyira USSR muna 1982, apo, kunyanya, akasangana naLeonov, Zakharchenko, uye Artstanov.
Yuri Artstanov naArthur Clarke vanoshanyira Museum of Cosmonautics uye Rocketry muLeningrad
Uye semugumisiro wekushanya uku muna 1984, Zakharchenko akakwanisa kusundira kuburikidza nekudhindwa mu "Technology yeVechidiki" yerimwe rivheti nemunyori ane mukurumbira pasi rose wefiction munyori anonzi "2010: Odyssey Two." Yakanga iri kuenderera mberi kwebhuku rake rakakurumbira "2001: A Space Odyssey", rakanyorwa zvichibva pane script yefirimu rechitendero naStanley Kubrick.
Izvi zvakabatsirwa kusvika pamwero mukuru nechokwadi chokuti kwaiva nezvinhu zvakawanda zveSoviet mubhuku rechipiri. Rangano yacho yakavakirwa pakuti spaceship "Alexei Leonov" ine vashandi veSoviet-America vari muchikepe inotumirwa kuJupiter kuti iburitse chakavanzika chechikepe "Discovery" chakasara mukutenderera kweJupiter mubhuku rekutanga.
Chokwadi, Clark aive nekuzvitsaurira pane yekutanga peji:
Kune maRussia maviri makuru: General A. A. Leonov - cosmonaut, Gamba reSoviet Union, muimbi uye mudzidzi A. D. Sakharov - musayendisiti, Nobel Prize laureate, humanist.
Asi kuzvipira, unonzwisisa, kwakakandwa kunze mumagazini. Kunyange pasina chero kurwisana kwenguva pfupi.
Nyaya yekutanga yakabuda zvakachengeteka, ichiteverwa neyechipiri, uye vaverengi vakanga vatotarisira kuverenga kwenguva refu - sezvakangoita muna 1980.
Asi munyaya yechitatu pakanga pasina kuenderera mberi. Vanhu vakafara, asi vakazosarudza - haumboziva. Muchina, zvese zvingangove zvakanaka.
Asi mumagazini yechina maiva nechimwe chinhu chisingadaviriki - kudzokorora kunonzwisa tsitsi kwezvimwe zviri mukati mebhuku, zvakapwanyika kuita ndima nhatu.
"Chiremba, chii ichocho?!" Iri kutengeswa here?!” - vaverengi ve "Technology for Youth" vakawedzera maziso avo. Asi mhinduro yakazozivikanwa pashure peperestroika.
Sezvazvakazoitika, nguva pfupi yatanga kubudiswa mu“Technology for Youth,” International Herald Tribune yakabudisa nyaya yaiva nomusoro unoti “COSMONAUTS—DISIDENTS,” THANKS TO CENSORS, NDEUKA PA MAPEJI ESOVIET MAGAZINE.
S. Sobolev mune yake inopa chinyorwa chizere chechinyorwa ichi. Inoti, kunyanya:
Vapikisi veSoviet, vasingawanzowana mukana wekuseka munyika ino yakadzama uye yakarongeka, nhasi vanogona kuseka nejee rinoitwa pazvidziviriro zvehurumende nemunyori ane mukurumbira wesainzi yeChirungu Arthur C. Clarke. Iri rinoita sejee - "diki asi rinoyevedza Trojan bhiza," semumwe wevapikisa akaritumidza, riri mubhuku raA. Clarke "2010: The Second Odyssey".<…>
Mazita evanyamudenga emanyepo ari munovhero anotoenderana nemazita evapikisi vane mukurumbira. <…> Mubhuku hamuna misiyano yezvematongerwo enyika pakati pevatambi vekuRussia. Zvakadaro, vazivi venyeredzi mazita:
- Viktor Brailovsky, nyanzvi yekombiyuta uye mumwe wevatungamiri vechiJudha vanotungamirira, avo vanofanira kusunungurwa mwedzi uno mushure memakore matatu ekutapwa muCentral Asia;
- Ivan Kovalev - injiniya uye muvambi weHelsinki Human Rights Monitoring Group parizvino yakabviswa. Ari kushanda mutongo wemakore manomwe mumusasa wechibharo;
- Anatoly Marchenko, mushandi ane makore makumi mana nematanhatu akapedza makore 18 mumisasa nokuda kwekutaura kwezvematongerwe enyika uye iye zvino ari kushanda mutongo unopera muna 1996;
- Yuri Orlov - murwiri wechiJudha uye mumwe wevatangi veHelsinki Group. Nyanzvi yefizikisi ine mukurumbira Orlov akapedza mutongo wemakore manomwe mumusasa wechibharo mwedzi wapera uye ari kushumira mumwe mutongo wemamwe makore mashanu ari nhapwa kuSiberia.
- Leonid Ternovsky inyanzvi yefizikisi yakatanga Helsinki Group muMoscow muna 1976. Akashanda mutongo wemakore matatu mumusasa;
- Mikola Rudenko, mumwe wevatangi veHelsinki Group muUkraine, uyo, mushure memakore manomwe ari mujeri mumusasa, anofanira kusunungurwa mwedzi uno uye kuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo;
- Gleb Yakunin - muprista weChechi yeOrthodox yeRussia, akatongerwa muna 1980 kumakore mashanu ekushanda mumusasa uye mamwe makore mashanu ekugadzirisa pamhosva yekupokana neSoviet propaganda uye mhirizhonga.
Nei Clark akagadzira Zakharchenko nenzira yakadai, waaive naye, kana asiri shamwari, saka maererano nezvakanakisa kwemakore mazhinji, ini handisi kunyatsonzwisisa. Vafudzi vemunyori vakatouya netsananguro yehupenzi yekuti Clark akange asina mhosva; iyo nheyo imwechete yakashanda yakabereka Jenerali Gogol naGeneral Pushkin muBond. Munyori wengano dzesainzi, vanoti, pasina kufunga kechipiri, akashandisa mazita echiRussia ainyatsozivikanwa mumapepanhau ekuMadokero - isu, zvakare, pakati pevaAmerica, taiziva Angela Davis naLeonard Peltier zviri nani kupfuura chero ani zvake. Zvakaoma kutenda, zvakadaro-isarudzo inorwadza homogeneous.
Zvakanaka, mu "Technology yeVechidiki", iwe pachako unonzwisisa zvatanga. Sezvo panguva iyoyo mukuru mukuru, uye gare gare mupepeti-mukuru wemagazini, Alexander Perevozchikov, akayeuka:
Pamberi pechikamu ichi, mupepeti wedu Vasily Dmitrievich Zakharchenko akabatanidzwa mumahofisi makuru. Asi mushure meClark, maitiro kwaari akachinja zvakanyanya. Iye, uyo akanga achangobva kugamuchira mumwe mubairo weLenin Komsomol, akadyiwa chaizvoizvo ndokuzorwa pamadziro. Uye magazini yedu yakanga yava pedyo nokuparadzwa. Zvakangodaro, yanga isiri kukanganisa kwedu, asi yaGlavlit. Vaifanira kunge vakatevera uye nekuraira. Nokudaro, takakwanisa kubudisa zvitsauko zviviri chete pagumi nezvishanu. Zvitsauko gumi nenhatu zvakasara zvakapinda muexposition. Pane peji yezvinyorwa zvakadhindwa ndakarondedzera zvaizoitika kwaClark gare gare. Asi Glavlit akashatirwa akandimanikidza kupfupisa kudzokororwa neimwe katatu. Isu takaburitsa iyo Odyssey yakazara gare gare.
Chokwadi, Zakharchenko akanyora tsananguro kuKomsomol Central Committee, kwaaka "zvipfuga pamberi pebato." Sekutaura kwemupepeti mukuru, "zviso zviviri" Clark "nenzira yakaipa" akapa kune vashandi veSoviet cosmonauts "mazita eboka revanhu vanopesana neSoviet vakaunzwa kumhosva yezviito zveutsinye". Mupepeti mukuru akabvuma kuti akanga arasikirwa nokungwarira uye akavimbisa kugadzirisa chikanganiso chacho.
Vasily Zakharchenko
Hazvina kubatsira. Magazini yacho yakanga isina kuvharwa, asi yakanyatsozununguswa. Vhiki mbiri mushure mekuburitswa kwechinyorwa chekuMadokero, Zakharchenko akadzingwa basa, uye vashandi vakati wandei vemagazini vakagamuchira zvirango zvekuomarara kwakasiyana. Zakharchenko, nekuwedzera, akava "ane maperembudzi" - vhiza yake yekubuda yakatorerwa, akadzingwa mubhodhi re "Children's Literature" uye "Young Guard", vakamira kumukoka kuredhiyo neterevhizheni - kunyangwe kuchirongwa chaakagadzira. pamusoro pevanofarira motokari, "Unogona Kuita Izvi" .
Mukutanga kweOdyssey 3, Arthur C. Clarke akakumbira ruregerero kuna Leonov naZakharchenko, kunyange zvazvo iyo yekupedzisira inotarisa zvishoma:
"Pakupedzisira, ndinotarisira kuti cosmonaut Alexei Leonov akatondikanganwira nekumuisa pedyo naDkt Andrei Sakharov (uyo akanga achiri muutapwa muGorky panguva yekuzvitsaurira kwake). Uye ndinotaura kuzvidemba kwangu kwechokwadi kumugadziri wangu akanaka weMoscow uye mupepeti Vasily Zharchenko (sezviri murugwaro - Zharchenko - VN) nekumupinza mudambudziko guru nekushandisa mazita evanopesana vakasiyana - vazhinji vavo, vandinofara kucherechedza. , havasisiri mujeri . Rimwe zuva, ndinovimba, vanyoreri veTekhnika Molodezhi vachakwanisa kuverenga zvitsauko zvenovhero zvakanyangarika zvisinganzwisisike. "
Hakuzove nekutaura, ini ndinongoona kuti mushure meizvi zvinoshamisa neimwe nzira kutaura nezve randomness.
Kavha yenovhero 2061: Odyssey Yetatu, uko kunowanikwa ruregerero
Izvozvo, chaizvoizvo, ndiyo nyaya yose. Rega ndikukwevera pfungwa dzako kune chokwadi chekuti izvi zvese zvakaitika kare munguva dzeChernenkov, uye pakanga paine chaiyo mwedzi mishoma yasara perestroika, kukurumidza uye glasnost. Uye chinyorwa chaClark chakabudiswa mu "Technology for Youth", uye kumashure munguva dzeSoviet - muna 1989-1990.
Ndinobvuma chokwadi - iyi nyaya inondisiya ndine mbiri, kunyange katatu.
Zvino zvinoshamisa kuti kunetsana kwakanyanya kwaireva kare ikako, kana mafambiro evanhu akaparadzwa pamusoro pechinhu chidiki.
Asi panguva imwecheteyo, kuti nyika yedu yaireva zvakadii papasi kare ikako. Nhasi zvakaoma kwandiri kuti ndifungidzire mamiriro ezvinhu apo munyori wekuMadokero wesayenzi wezvinyorwa zvekutanga achapa bhuku kune vaviri vokuRussia.
Uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kukosha kweruzivo munyika yedu kwakakura sei. Mushure mezvose, kunyangwe muchinyorwa chinoburitsa cheInternational Herald Tribune chakacherechedzwa mukupfuura izvozvo “Vanhu vokuRussia ndevamwe vakazvipira zvikuru kutevedzera ngano dzesainzi munyika”, uye kuparadzirwa kwemirioni imwe nehafu kwemagazini yesayenzi yakakurumbira ufakazi hwakanakisisa hwaikoku.
Zvino, chokwadi, zvinhu zvose zvachinja. Mune dzimwe nzira kune zviri nani, mune dzimwe kune yakaipa.
Izvo zvachinja zvakanyanya zvekuti hapana chakasara chenyika iyo nyaya iyi yakaitika. Uye munyika itsva yakashinga, hapasisina munhu anofarira kune vapikisi vakaita basa ravo, kana magazini "Technology yeVechidiki", iyo yave kudhindwa mukutenderera kusingakoshi nerubatsiro rwehurumende, kana - chii chinonzwisa tsitsi kune vese. - nzvimbo inosimudza.
Yuri Artstanov akafa nguva pfupi yadarika, muna Ndira 1, 2019, asi hapana akazviona. Mhedziso chete yakaburitswa mupepanhau reTroitsky Variant mwedzi wakatevera.
Source: www.habr.com