By Maererano neongororo ichangobva kuitwa yeGallup, nhamba yevanhu vokuRussia vanoda kutamira kune imwe nyika yakapetwa katatu mumakore gumi nerimwe apfuura. Vazhinji vevanhu ava (11%) vari pasi peboka remakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe. Zvakare, maererano nenhamba, United States ine chivimbo pakati penyika dzinodiwa kwazvo dzekutama pakati pevaRussia.
Naizvozvo, ndakafunga kuunganidza mune imwe data data pamhando dzemavhiza akakodzera kune nyanzvi dzeIT (vagadziri, vatengesi, nezvimwewo) nevashambadziri, uye zvakare ndiwedzere iwo malink kune anobatsira masevhisi ekuunganidza ruzivo uye chaidzo nyaya dzehama. vakatokwanisa kupfuura nenzira iyi.
Kusarudza rudzi rwe visa
Kune nyanzvi dzeIT uye mabhizinesi, marudzi matatu emavhiza ebasa akanakisa:
- H1B - a standard work visa, iyo inogamuchirwa nevashandi vakagamuchira chipo kubva kune imwe kambani yeAmerica.
- L1 - vhiza yekuendeswa kwemukati mekambani kwevashandi vemakambani epasi rese. Aya ndiwo mafambiro anoita vashandi kuUnited States kubva kumahofisi ekambani yekuAmerica mune dzimwe nyika.
- O1 - vhiza yenyanzvi dzakatanhamara mumunda wavo.
Imwe neimwe yesarudzo idzi ine zvese zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.
H1B: rubatsiro rwevashandirwi uye quotas
Vanhu vasina vagari vekuUS kana pekugara zvachose vanofanirwa kuwana vhiza yakakosha - H1B - kushanda munyika ino. Risiti yaro inotsigirwa nemushandirwi - anofanira kugadzirira pasuru yemagwaro uye kubhadhara mari dzakasiyana.
Zvese zvakanaka kune mushandi pano - kambani inobhadhara zvese, zviri nyore kwazvo. Kune kunyange masaiti akasarudzika, senge sosi , iyo yaunogona kuwana nayo makambani ari kunyanya kukoka vashandi paH1B visa.
Vepamusoro makumi maviri vhiza vanotsigira zvinoenderana ne20 data
Asi pane imwe drawback - havasi vese vakagamuchira kupihwa kubva kune imwe kambani yeAmerica vachakwanisa kuuya kubasa nekukurumidza.
H1B mavhiza ari pasi pemakota anochinja gore negore. Semuenzaniso, iyo quota yegore razvino rezvemari 2019 ingori zviuru makumi matanhatu neshanu zvemavhiza. Uyezve, gore rapfuura 65 zviuru zvikumbiro zvakatumirwa kuti risiti yayo. Kune vakawanda vanonyorera kupfuura mavhiza akapihwa, saka lottery inoitwa pakati pevanyoreri. Zvinoitika kuti mumakore achangopfuura mukana wekuhwina 199 mu1.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuwana vhiza uye kubhadhara mari dzese kunoda mushandirwi mari inosvika zviuru gumi zvemadhora, pamusoro pekubhadhara mihoro. Saka iwe unofanirwa kunge uri tarenda rakakosha kuti kambani isimbise zvakanyanya uye ichiri panjodzi yekusaona mushandi munyika nekuda kwekurasikirwa neH10B lottery.
L1 visa
Mamwe makambani makuru eAmerica ane mahofisi kune dzimwe nyika anodarika zvirango zvemavhiza eH1B nekushandisa mavhiza eL. Kune akasiyana subtypes evhiza iyi - imwe yacho inoitirwa kutamiswa kwevatungamiriri vepamusoro, uye imwe ndeyekutakura kwevashandi vane tarenda (yakakosha. vashandi veruzivo) kuUnited States.
Kazhinji, kuti ukwanise kutamira kuUnited States pasina chero quotas kana lottery, mushandi anofanira kushanda muhofisi yekunze kwerinokwana gore.
Makambani akadai seGoogle, Facebook neDropbox anoshandisa chirongwa ichi kutakura nyanzvi dzine tarenda. Semuenzaniso, chirongwa chakajairika ndechekuti mushandi anoshanda kwenguva yakati muhofisi muDublin, Ireland, uye obva atamira kuSan Francisco.
Izvo zvisingabatsiri zveiyi sarudzo zvakajeka - iwe unofanirwa kuve wakakosha vashandi kuitira kuti usafarire kwete nyore kutanga kudiki, asi kambani ine mahofisi munyika dzakasiyana. Ipapo iwe uchafanirwa kushanda mune imwe nyika kwenguva yakareba, uye chete wozoenda kune yechipiri (USA). Kuvanhu vemhuri izvi zvinogona kupa mamwe matambudziko.
Visa O1
Iyi mhando yevhiza inoitirwa vanhu vane "anoshamisa kugona" mu niches yavo. Pakutanga, yaishandiswa zvakanyanya nevanhu vehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye vatambi, asi gare gare yaiwedzera kushandiswa neIT nyanzvi uye mabhizinesi.
Kuti zvionekwe chiyero chekusarudzika uye kushamisa kweanonyorera, pfungwa dzakati wandei dzakakudziridzwa dzaanoda kupa humbowo. Saka, hezvino izvo zvaunoda kuti uwane O1 visa:
- nyanzvi mibayiro uye mibayiro;
- nhengo mumasangano ehunyanzvi anobvuma nyanzvi dzinoshamisa (uye kwete munhu wese anogona kubhadhara mari yenhengo);
- kukunda mumakwikwi eunyanzvi;
- kutora chikamu senhengo yejury mumakwikwi ehunyanzvi (chiremera chakajeka chekuongorora basa revamwe nyanzvi);
- inotaura munhau (tsanangudzo dzemapurojekiti, kubvunzurudza) uye zvinyorwa zvako mumagazini ehunyanzvi kana esainzi;
- kubata chinzvimbo chakakosha mukambani huru;
- chero humbowo hwekuwedzera hunogamuchirwawo.
Zviripachena kuti kuti uwane vhiza iyi unotofanirwa kuve nyanzvi yakasimba uye kusangana nemaitiro akati wandei kubva pane rondedzero iri pamusoro. Kuipa kwevisa kunosanganisira kuomerwa kwekuiwana, kudiwa kwekuve nemushandirwi pachinzvimbo chake chichemo chichaendeswa kuti chitariswe, uye kusakwanisa kushandura mabasa nyore nyore - unogona kungoshandirwa nekambani yakaendesa. chikumbiro kubasa rekutama.
Mukana mukuru ndewekuti unopihwa kwemakore matatu; hapana quotas kana zvimwe zvinorambidzwa kune vanoibata.
Mhosva chaiyo yekuwana O1 vhiza inotsanangurwa paHabrahabr mukati .
Kuunganidza kwemashoko
Paunenge uchinge wasarudza pamhando yevhiza inokodzera iwe, unofanirwa kugadzirira kufamba kwako. Pamusoro pekudzidza zvinyorwa paInternet, kune akati wandei masevhisi aunokwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwekufarira kutanga-ruoko. Heano maviri anonyanya kutaurwa munzvimbo dzeruzhinji:
Sevhisi yekubvunza inotarisana nekupindura mibvunzo nezve kutamira kuUSA. Zvese zvinoshanda zviri nyore - pawebhusaiti unogona kuwana magwaro akasimbiswa nemagweta ane nhanho-nhanho tsananguro yekuwana marudzi akasiyana-siyana emavhiza, kana kuraira kuunganidzwa kwedata pamibvunzo yako.
Mushandisi anosiya chikumbiro chaanoratidza mibvunzo yekufarira (kubva kumatambudziko nekusarudza rudzi rwevhiza kuenda kune nyaya dzebasa, kuita bhizinesi uye matambudziko ezuva nezuva, sekuwana imba uye kutenga mota). Mhinduro dzinogona kugamuchirwa panguva yekufona kwevhidhiyo kana mune mameseji fomati ine zvinongedzo kune zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa, makomendi kubva kune akakodzera nyanzvi - kubva kumagweta evisa kuenda kumaakaunti uye realtors. Nyanzvi dzese dzakadaro dzinosarudzwa - mushandisi anogamuchira kurudziro kubva kune nyanzvi dzakatoshanda neboka rebasa.
Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vashandisi vanogona kuodha sevhisi yekumaka - timu yeprojekiti ichabatsira kutaura nezve budiriro yehunyanzvi mumutauro mukuru wechiRussian uye mutauro wechiRungu - izvi zvichabatsira, semuenzaniso, pakuwana O1 vhiza inotsanangurwa pamusoro.
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Imwe sevhisi yekuraira inoshanda pane imwe modhi yakati siyanei. Iyo ipuratifomu iyo vashandisi vanogona kuwana uye kubvunza expats kubva kune dzakasiyana nyika uye kunyange maguta.
Mushure mekusarudza nyika yaunoda uye nzira yekufambisa (visa yebasa, kudzidza, nezvimwewo), sisitimu inoratidza runyoro rwevanhu vakatamira kunzvimbo ino nenzira imwechete. Kukurukurirana kunogona kubhadharwa kana mahara - zvese zvinoenderana nezvido zvemumwe mupi wezano. Kukurukurirana kunoitika kuburikidza nekutaura.
Pamusoro pekubvunza masevhisi akatangwa nevanhu vanotaura chiRussian, kune zvakare anobatsira ruzivo rwepasirese ruzivo. Heano anonyanya kubatsira kune nyanzvi dzinofunga nezvekufamba:
Iyo sevhisi inounganidza data pamihoro muchikamu chehunyanzvi chinopihwa nemakambani eAmerica. Uchishandisa saiti ino, unogona kuona kuti yakawanda sei mapurogiramu anobhadharwa kumakambani makuru seAmazon, Facebook kana Uber, uye zvakare enzanisa mihoro yeinjiniya mumatunhu akasiyana nemaguta.
Paysa inogonawo kuratidza hunyanzvi hunobatsira uye matekinoroji. Zvinogoneka kuona avhareji yemuhoro yevakapedza kudzidza kubva kumayunivhesiti akasiyana - chinhu chinobatsira kune avo vari kufunga nezve kudzidza muUSA nechinangwa chekuvaka basa mune ramangwana.
Mhedziso: 5 zvinyorwa zvine mienzaniso chaiyo yekutamiswa kwenyanzvi uye mabhizinesi
Pakupedzisira, ndakasarudza nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakanyorwa nevanhu vakatamira chaizvoizvo kuUnited States kundoshanda ikoko. Zvishandiso izvi zvine mhinduro kumibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pekuwana marudzi akasiyana-siyana emavhiza, kupfuudza mabvunzurudzo, kugara munzvimbo itsva, zvichingodaro:
Kana iwe uchiziva chero maturusi anobatsira, masevhisi, zvinyorwa, zvinongedzo izvo zvisina kubatanidzwa mune ino musoro, igovera ivo mune zvakataurwa, ini ndichagadzirisa zvinyorwa kana kunyora zvitsva, zvimwe.
zvakadzama. Ndinokutendai mose nekuteerera kwenyu!
Kunobva: www.habr.com