Ramangwana nderevaya vanonzwisisa tekinoroji uye vanofambisa matekinoroji aya mune ramangwana rakajeka uye risingatarisike. Uye kunyangwe zvichitendwa kuti huwandu hwenyanzvi dzeIT "dzakabatwa" neUSA, kune dzimwe nyika uko nyanzvi dzeIT dziri kuenda.
Mune ino chinyorwa iwe uchadzidza:
- Nei Switzerland iri inzvimbo inoyevedza yevashandi veIT?
- Nzira yekuwana sei mvumo yekushanda uye yekugara, uye uuye nemhuri yako newe?
- Ndeipi canton yaunofanira kutsvaga basa kana kutanga bhizinesi rako?
- Pane zvikoro zvakanaka zvekudzidzisa vana mazviri uye dzidzo yemuno yakadii?
- Chii chiri mwero wekurarama uye mutengo wokuuchengeta?
Mhedzisiro imhando yegwaro rekutanga renyika kune avo vari kutsvaga nzvimbo nyowani yekugara uye kukura nehunyanzvi.
Sei vadzidzisi veIT vachisarudza Switzerland?
Ngatitangei kutarisa makambani eIT ari kutoshanda pano. Vazhinji vavo vanozivikanwa kwauri:
- Logitech (makomputa peripherals uye nezvimwe);
- SITA (inoda 90% yekufambisa kwemhepo kutaurirana);
- U-blox (yakagadzirwa matekinoroji akadai seBluetooth, Wi-Fi);
- Swisscom (telecommunications provider);
- Mapazi eMicrosoft, Google, HP, CISCO, DELL, IBM;
- Ethereum Alliance (kambani inotarisira kukurudzirwa kwechiratidzo cheEther uye system);
- Vamwe vakawanda.
Kune zvakare akawanda emakambani madiki anoshanda kwete chete nesoftware uye hardware, asiwo nebiotechnology, mubhadharo wemagariro, nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Naizvozvo, poindi yekutanga iyo vanhu vanosarudza Switzerland kuvepo kwemakambani anobata neIT tekinoroji mumhando dzakasiyana siyana uye pamwe chete kusimudza mwero webudiriro yevanhu vese.
Pano ivo vanopawo mihoro yakakwira, vimbiso dzemagariro uye mamwe mapeks evashandi.
Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vakasunungukawo kugadzira mapurojekiti avo, shandisa zvivakwa, ma incubator, mainvestimenti uye mazororo emutero kugadzira yekutanga.
Switzerland ine analogue yayo yeSilicon Valley - Crypto Valley, uko mamiriro akagadzirwa ekuvandudza mapurojekiti anobva pa blockchain. Uye isu hatisi kutaura chete nezve cryptocurrencies, asiwo nezve zvimwe zvinoshanda zvekushandisa tekinoroji.
Chechipiri, inyika yakasununguka kugara mairi: Switzerland ine mwero wepamusoro wekugara munyika; ine mamiriro okunze akanaka uye mhepo yakachena, uye haina ngozi. Kunyange nyaya yakataurwa pamusoro pevatorwa vanodurura kuEurope yakawana kuzadzika kwayo pano: vagari vemamwe maguta nemisha vakaramba nokuzvidira kugamuchira vatorwa, pasinei nezvose zvinodiwa neEU. Vakadzivirira mararamiro avo nekuchengeteka.
Huwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa hweSwitzerland hungori zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzana, asi hupfumi hwenyika huri kutora nyanzvi dzekunze.
Chinhu chakakosha inzira yemutero. Iyo ine-matatu-matatu: federal level (8,5%), cantonal level (kubva pa12 kusvika 24%) uye maneja (zvinoenderana neguta nenharaunda).
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti mitero yose yakanyorwa ndiyo yakanyorwa mumitemo, asi chaizvoizvo chero chiyero chinogona kuderedzwa zviri pamutemo uchishandisa dzimwe nzira. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kumitero yemakambani, kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvakakosha zvemunhu.
Vanhu vanobhadhara, zvichienderana nekanton uye huwandu hwemari yavanowana, kubva pa21% (Zug) kusvika 37% (Geneva).
Ndeipi Swiss canton yekusarudza yebasa uye hupenyu?
Kune 26 cantons muSwitzerland. Nzira yekusarudza? Kana isu tikafunga maviri makuru ma paramita - budiriro yetekinoroji uye hupenyu hwakasununguka nemhuri - saka isu tinokurudzira kuti usarudze maviri cantons: Zug neZurich.
Zug
Zug ndiyo moyo weinodaidzwa kuti Crypto Valley - inzvimbo iyo mabhizinesi ari mumunda we blockchain uye cryptocurrencies anoshanda maererano neakanaka.
Zug atanga kugamuchira Bitcoins kubhadhara mabasa eruzhinji.
Makambani akadai seMonetas, Bitcoin Suisse, uye Vitalik Buterin's Etherium akavakirwa pano.
Kunze kwavo, makambani makuru muZug (kwete ese IT): Johnson & Johnson, Siemens, Interactive Brokers, Luxoft, Glencore, UBS uye akawanda evamwe.
Hupenyu hwekugara muZug hwakakwira, kune zvikoro zvakazvimiririra uye zveveruzhinji, zvikoro zvemabasa emawoko, makoreji nemayunivhesiti. Tichazotaura nezvedzidzo gare gare.
Zurich
Iyo kanton ine vanhu vakawanda yeSwitzerland (seye 2017). Chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vemo chinogara muguta reZurich.
Ndiyo nzvimbo huru yezvemari yeSwitzerland, nzvimbo yesainzi. Muna 2019, yakatora chikamu chechipiri mumhando yehupenyu munyika, pamwe nenzvimbo yechina mune runyorwa rwemaguta anodhura zvakanyanya. Inozivikanwawo serimwe remaguta akachengetedzeka.
Iri inzvimbo inotaura chiGerman.
Zurich ine airport yayo uye yakagadzira zvinongedzo zvekufambisa nemamwe macanton nenyika.
Makambani uye zvikamu zvemakambani: mabhanga akawanda, Amazon, Booking.com, Apple, Swisscom, IBM, Accenture, Sunrise Communications, Microsoft, Siemens nevamwe.
Dzidzo: Yunivhesiti yeZurich, zvikoro zvakazvimirira uye zveveruzhinji, zvikoro zvehunyanzvi.
Dzidzo yako nevana vako
Zvinoenderana nenhamba dze2015, mari yehurumende padzidzo pamunhu yaive $4324, inova yechipiri kuUnited States. Russia iri pachinzvimbo chechi49 mune iyi chinzvimbo.
Hunhu hwedzidzo, inoyerwa sekuenderana kwayo nezvinodiwa nehupfumi, i8,94 kubva pagumi, kana nzvimbo yekutanga padanho. Russia iri pachinhanho chemakumi mana nematatu nemapoinzi 10.
Kunyanya kutarisisa kunobhadharwa kwete kune vechidiki chete, asiwo kune nyanzvi - kuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza kunopihwa.
Dzidzo inoumbwa nematanho akati wandei: yekugadzirira (kireshi), yekutanga-chikamu chesekondari, yechipiri-yechipiri chesekondari (zvikoro zvegirama, kuwana chitupa chekusiya chikoro, dzidzo yebasa rekutanga, dzidzo yepuraimari yehunyanzvi), nhanho yechitatu (mayunivhesiti, zvikoro zvedzidzo, mayunivhesiti akasarudzika, dzidzo yepamusoro yehunyanzvi, bachelors, masters, doctorates).
Kune 260 zvikoro zvakazvimiririra kwavanodzidzisa muchiGerman, French, Italian, Chirungu nemimwe mitauro.
MuSwitzerland, vanoisa mari muvanhu sechinhu chakakosha kwazvo. Nyika ine urombo mune zviwanikwa, saka tekinoroji, masevhisi, hunyanzvi uye ruzivo zvinosarudza.
Zug ine mukurumbira kune yayo yepasi rose boarding chikoro. Inowanikwa mune yaimbova Grand Hotel Schönfels. Chinonzi chikoro chevakuru. Vakapedza kudzidza vanosanganisira John Kerry (Munyori weUnited States of State), Mark Foster (munyori uye mutungamiriri), Pierre Mirabeau (muvambi weMirabo bank, uyewo sachigaro weSwitzerland Bankers Association).
Kunze kwechikoro, kune veruzhinji nemayunivhesiti akazvimirira uye zvikoro.
Zurich ine mayunivhesiti gumi nemaviri, iyo Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) - uko Albert Einstein naWilhelm Conrad Röntgen vakapedza kudzidza - uye zvikoro zveveruzhinji uye zvakazvimiririra.
Chinhu chinonakidza: mune idzi cantons kune masangano edzidzo kwaanodzidzisa kwete muchiGerman neChirungu chete, asiwo muchiRussia.
Mutengo wedzidzo unogona kunge wakachipa pane wekumusha kwako. Kunyanya, gore reBachelor's degree muZurich kuFederal Institute of Technology kune mudzidzi wekune dzimwe nyika rinodhura 1700 francs pagore - zvakafanana nezvevadzidzi veko. Gore paYunivhesiti yeZurich rinodhura 2538 francs (1000 francs kupfuura yemudzidzi weko).
Unogona kuwana Executive MBA muZurich.
Hupenyu hwezuva nezuva muSwitzerland: rendi, internet, chekufambisa, mutengo wekurarama
Switzerland inopa vagari vayo mararamiro epamusoro, hutano, kuchengeteka uye kunyaradza. Mihoro inotarisirwawo kuva yakawanda.
Kunyanya, Zurich inomira yechipiri maererano nemhando yehupenyu munyika (2017). Geneva iri pachinhanho chechisere, Basel iri pachinhanho chegumi, uye Bern iri pachinhanho chegumi neina.
Panyaya yekuchengeteka kwemunhu, Switzerland inomira 3rd mushure meFinland neDenmark.
Kukwezva nekuchengetedza nyanzvi dzekunze - 100 mapoinzi kubva ku100 anogoneka.
Kune makambani anodarika zviuru gumi munyika anokwezva nyanzvi dzekunze. Kune masangano akakosha anobatsira kuronga hupenyu mushure mekutamira kuSwitzerland.
Chiverengero chavagari vapasi chenyika chinoshivirira zvikuru vanhu vakakwana, pasinei hapo nokwavanobva. Iyo nyika pachayo inotora nzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera pazvinhu zvakawanda, saka inoshandira pamwe nemunhu wese.
Nezvekufamba
Paunotakura zvinhu zvako, hazvibatirwe mutero wecustoms pabhodha. Chinongodiwa chete ndechekuti chivakwa chave chako pachako kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu uye chashandiswa newe paunosvika.
Mukati memazuva gumi nemana ekusvika, unofanira kunyoresa kunzvimbo yako itsva yekugara. Unozoda mapasipoti ekunze, inishuwarenzi yehutano, mufananidzo wepasipoti, zvitupa zvemuchato uye zvitupa zvekuzvarwa kwevana, uye kondirakiti yebasa.
Kana iwe uchifamba nemhuri yako, munhu wega wega anofanira kunge aine seti yakafanana.
Zvinokwanisika kuunza motokari uye kunyoresa uye inshuwarisi muSwitzerland mukati memwedzi ye12.
Zvinokurudzirwa kudzidza kanenge mutauro wepamutemo wemuno: ChiGerman, French, Italian. Kune makosi akawanda.
Kubhadhara imba
Itsika kubata avo vari kunyora nzvimbo yacho, kuongorora imba yacho uye kuita sarudzo.
Pakupedzisa kondirakiti, dhipoziti kana dhipoziti yekuchengetedzwa kwemari yerendi yemwedzi mitatu inobhadharwa muakaundi yakakosha. Inoshanda sechivimbiso chemuridzi wemba. Pavanenge vachipinda, muridzi weroja nemuridzi vanoongorora imba yacho vonyora mushumo wakanyorwa pamusoro pekushaikwa kwacho. Kana izvi zvikasaitwa, unogona kupihwa bhiri rezvose "kuputsika" uye kushomeka paunenge uchibuda.
Kana muridzi wemba achida kukwidza rendi, anofanira kuzadza fomu chairo. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti kuwedzera hakuna musoro, unogona kukwidza mutongo nekunyora mukati memazuva makumi matatu.
Runhare, Internet, Terevhizheni
Kune makambani mazhinji pamusika weSwitzerland anopa masevhisi akadaro. Vakakosha vanopa Swisscom, Munyu uye Kubuda kwezuva. Kunyoreswa kwemutengi muhurongwa kunosungirwa, kunyangwe zvine chekuita ne prepaid services.
Nyika ine analog uye digital terevhizheni. Mari yekunyoresa inobhadharwa kuti uve nekodzero yekugamuchira nhepfenyuro neterevhizheni, zvisinei nezvaunoona kana kuteerera.
senga
Kutakura zvinhu muSwitzerland kunonakidza. Kune yakaomesesa network yenjanji, mota, masevhisi emabhazi uye kunyangwe nzira dzemvura. Traffic yakanyanya - kunyangwe misha iri munzizi ine igwa rinouya kamwechete pamaawa maviri ega ega.
Matikiti mamwechete, mazuva ese, emwedzi uye epagore anopfuura anopihwa. Iko kune pasirese pass iyo inokutendera iwe kuti ufambe pane dzinenge njanji dzese, shandisa intercity bhazi sevhisi, mvura uye kutakura kweguta.
Vana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu vanofamba mahara; vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nematanhatu vanofamba mahara neJunior Karte pavanoperekedzwa nevabereki vavo, uye neKadhi reMuzukuru pavanoperekedzwa nasekuru nasekuru. Vechidiki vane makore 6-16 vanofamba mahara mukirasi yechipiri mushure me16pm vaine Gleis 25 kadhi rekufamba.
Mari uye Mutengo wekugara muSwitzerland
Avhareji yemari pamwedzi yemhuri yeSwitzerland i7556 francs. Wedzera mune zvemagariro mabhenefiti uye mamwe masosi, uye iwe unowana avhareji ye9946 mafranc.
Mari inowanikwa mushure memitero inenge 70%. Nekudaro, kune misiyano yedunhu, saka unofanirwa kuitarisa zvichienderana nekanton.
Switzerland iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri maererano nesimba rekutenga rehuwandu. Zurich iri panzvimbo yechipiri pakati pemaguta enyika.
Mitengo muZurich
Renda imba yekurara imwe muZurich - kubva ku1400 euros.
Pane nguva dzose sarudzo yekutsvaga imwe nzira nekushandisa masevhisi enyanzvi dzemuno.
Avhareji yebhiri mune nyore cafe inobva ku20 euros. Kapu ye cappuccino inobva ku5 euros.
Kirogiramu yembatatisi inenge 2 euros, chingwa (0,5 kg) inenge 3 euros, hafu yerita yemvura inopfuura euro, mazai gumi nemaviri anenge 3 euros. 95 peturu inobva pa1,55 euros parita.
Mitengo muZug
MuZug, rendi yeimba yekurara imwe chete inotanga kubva ku1500 EUR.
Kudya kwemasikati mune cafe - anenge 20 euros. Kapu yekofi - inenge 4 euros.
Kirogiramu yembatatisi inenge 2 euros, rofu rechingwa rinenge 1,5 euros, 1,5 malita emvura 0,70 euros, gumi nemaviri mazai anenge 5 euros. Petrol 95 inenge 1,5 euros.
Nzira yekuwana sei mvumo yebasa uye yekugara?
Kuti ugare uye ushande muSwitzerland, iwe unozoda mvumo yebasa uye mvumo yekugara (visa). Kuti ushanyire Switzerland, unofanirwa kuwana visa.
Mavhiza anogona kuve vashanyi, basa, kubatana kwemhuri uye kudzidza. Vanogona kuva kwenguva pfupi kana kwenguva refu.
Kuti utange maitiro ekunyorera vhiza, vagari venyika dziri kunze kweEU neEEA vanofanira kubata embassy yeSwitzerland munyika yavo yekugara. Iwe unozoda pasipoti inoshanda, inishuwarenzi yehutano uye magwaro anosimbisa chinangwa cherwendo: chibvumirano chebasa, magwaro epamutemo ekambani, nezvimwe.
Mari yevisa inoenderana nechinangwa chekushanya.
Mapepa ese asiri muChirungu, French kana Italian anozoda kushandurirwa.
Mushure mezvo, unogona kuwana mvumo yekugara uyezve mvumo yekugara.
Zvimwe zvibvumirano hazvisanganisi kodzero yekushanda. Tarisa nemasevhisi ekutama. Kana uri munyika kwenguva inodarika mwedzi mitatu, uchagamuchira chitupa chemutorwa.
Unogona kuwana:
- Mvumo yekugara B (mvumo yekugara ine kodzero yekushanda kwenguva ye1 gore, pamwe nemukana wekuwedzera kwerimwe gore);
- Mvumo yekugara C (mvumo yekugara kwenguva refu ine kodzero yekushanda), kodzero dzakaenzana nevagari veSwitzerland;
- Chibvumirano chekugara L (mvumo yekugara kwenguva pfupi kana basa rine nguva yakanyatsotsanangurwa), hazvibviri kuchinja mabasa;
- Residence mvumo F (kugara kwenguva pfupi kwevagari vekunze).
Uyewo, mamwe mavhiza anokubvumira kukoka hama: mudzimai ane vana vari pasi pe19 uye vabereki vanovimba; mudzimai nevana chete; murume/mukadzi chete.
Kuti vatange kushanda, vatorwa vanga vachigara munyika kwemwedzi inopfuura 3 vanofanira kuwana mvumo kubva kuhofisi ye cantonal migration.
Zvibvumirano zvinogona kuva zvenguva pfupi (pasi pegore rimwe), nekukasira (kwenguva yakatarwa) uye zvachose. Izvi nezvimwe nyaya dzekugara kwevatorwa zvinosarudzwa padanho re cantonal.
Paunenge uchienda kubasa, iwe uchafanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti diploma yako inozivikanwa. Kana iwe wakaigamuchira mukati meEU, inogamuchirwa otomatiki kana kungoita otomatiki mukati meBologna maitiro. Kana isu tichitaura nezvechitupa cheRussia, saka kusimbiswa kubva kune vane chiremera vane simba kunodiwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvi zvinogona kuitwa nevakuru venzvimbo yedzidzo.
Kana iwe uchida kuwana hugari hweSwitzerland, unofanirwa kuita zvinotevera:
- Gara munyika kweanenge makore gumi nemaviri (kune avo vanogara muSwitzerland kubva pagumi nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri, gore rega rega rinoverengera se12);
- Batanidza muhupenyu hwenzvimbo;
- Ziva nzira yehupenyu uye tsika dzeSwitzerland;
- Teerera murayiro;
- Kwete kuisa njodzi kune kuchengeteka.
Kare, nguva yaidiwa yekugara munyika yaive yakareba - kubva pamakore makumi maviri.
Summary
Kutamira kuSwitzerland kunogara uye kushanda kunogoneka. Nyanzvi yeIT ine mukana wekuwana basa mukambani hombe kana kutanga bhizinesi rake. Mari yekugara yakakwira pano kupfuura kune dzimwe nyika, asi panguva imwe chete iwe unowana mararamiro epamusoro, dzidzo yevana yakanakisa, nyaradzo uye kuchengeteka.
Uyezve, mari yevashandi, kunyanya muzvikamu zvetekinoroji, yakakwira kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika.
Switzerland inzvimbo inovimbisa yekuvandudza mapurojekiti e blockchain, kunyangwe chero kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-tekinoroji uye kutsvagisa kunogamuchirwa pano: mushonga, kutaurirana, nanotechnology, nezvimwe.
Chero nzvimbo yeIT yaunoshanda mairi, iwe uchawana nzvimbo yekuda kwako. Kusanganisira nemhuri yako.
Source: www.habr.com
