Ramangwana nderevaya vanonzwisisa tekinoroji uye vanofambisa matekinoroji mamwe chete mune ramangwana rakajeka uye risingatarisike. Uye kunyangwe zvichitendwa kuti vazhinji venyanzvi dzeIT "vanosvetwa" neUnited States, kune dzimwe nyika kunotumirwa nyanzvi dzeIT.
Mune ino chinyorwa iwe uchadzidza:
- Nei Switzerland iri inzvimbo inoyevedza yevashandi veIT?
- Nzira yekuwana sei mvumo yebasa uye yekugara uye kuunza mhuri yako newe?
- Ndeipi canton yaunofanira kutsvaga basa kana kutanga bhizinesi rako?
- Kune zvikoro zvakanaka here uko vana vanogona kudzidziswa, uye ndeupi rudzi rwedzidzo yomunzvimbomo?
- Upenyu hwakaita sei uye zvinodhura pakuhuchengetedza?
Mhedzisiro imhando yegwara rekutanga kune nyika kune avo vari kutsvaga nzvimbo nyowani yekugara uye kukura nehunyanzvi.
Sei vanhu veIT vachisarudza Switzerland?
Ngatitangei kutarisa makambani eIT ari kutoshanda pano. Vazhinji vavo vanozivikanwa kwauri:
- Logitech (makomputa peripherals uye nezvimwe);
- SITA (inotarisira 90% yekukurukurirana kwemhepo);
- U-blox (yakagadzirwa matekinoroji akadai seBluetooth, Wi-Fi);
- Swisscom (telecommunications provider);
- Mapazi eMicrosoft, Google, HP, CISCO, DELL, IBM;
- Ethereum Alliance (kambani inotarisira kukurudzirwa kwechiratidzo cheEther uye system);
- Zvimwe zvakawanda.
Kune zvakare akawanda emakambani madiki anoshanda kwete chete nesoftware uye Hardware, asiwo nebiotechnologies, maverengero emagariro uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Naizvozvo, poindi yekutanga yekusarudza Switzerland kuvepo kwemakambani anobata neIT tekinoroji mumhando dzakasiyana siyana uye pamwe chete anosimudza mwero webudiriro yevanhu vese.
Ivo zvakare vanopa mihoro yakakwira, vimbiso dzemagariro uye mamwe mabhenefiti evashandi.
Vanamuzvinabhizinesi vakasunungukawo kugadzira mapurojekiti avo, kutora mukana wezvivakwa, ma incubators, mainvestimenti uye mazororo emutero kugadzira yekutanga.
Switzerland ine analogue yayo yeSilicon Valley - Crypto Valley, uko mamiriro akasikirwa ekuvandudza mapurojekiti akavakirwa pa blockchain. Uye isu hatisi kutaura chete nezve cryptocurrencies, asiwo nezve mamwe anoshanda ekushandisa tekinoroji.
Chechipiri, inyika yakasununguka kugara mairi: Switzerland iri pamusoro-soro maererano nemararamiro epasirese; Kune mamiriro ekunze akanaka uye mweya wakachena pano, kwakachengeteka. Kunyange nyaya inonakidza yevakabva kune dzimwe nyika vakadurura muEurope yakazadzikiswa pano: vagari vemamwe maguta nemisha vakaramba vakazvimiririra kugamuchira vatorwa, pasinei nezvose zvinodiwa neEU. Vaidzivirira mararamiro avo nekuchengeteka.
Huwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa muSwitzerland hungori 3%, ukuwo hupfumi hwenyika huchitora nyanzvi dzekune dzimwe nyika nemakaro.
Chinhu chakakosha inzira yemutero. Iwo matatu-nhanho: federal level (8,5%), canton level (kubva pa12 kusvika 24%) uye manejimendi level (zvinoenderana neguta nenharaunda).
Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti mitero iyi yose zvakanyorwa mumitemo, asi chaizvoizvo, chero chiyero chinogona kuderedzwa zviri pamutemo uchishandisa dzimwe nzira. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kumitero yemakambani, kunyangwe paine zvakatarwa nevanhu.
Vanhu vanobhadhara zvichienderana nekanton uye huwandu hwemuhoro kubva pa21% (Zug) kusvika 37% (Geneva).
Ndeipi canton yeSwitzerland yaunofanira kusarudza yebasa uye hupenyu?
Kune 26 cantons muSwitzerland. Ungasarudza sei kubva kwavari? Kana isu tikafunga maviri makuru ma paramita - kuvandudza tekinoroji uye hupenyu hwakasununguka nemhuri - saka isu tinokurudzira kuti utarise pane maviri cantons: Zug neZurich.
Zug
Zug ndiyo moyo weinodaidzwa kuti Crypto Valley - inzvimbo iyo mabhizinesi ari mumunda we blockchain uye cryptocurrencies anoshanda nenzira yakanaka.
Zug atanga kugamuchira bitcoins kubhadhara masevhisi ehurumende.
Makambani akadai seMonetas, Bitcoin Suisse, Etherium kubva kuVitalik Buterin akavakirwa pano.
Mukuwedzera kwavari, makambani makuru muZug (kwete ese makambani eIT): Johnson & Johnson, Siemens, Interactive Brokers, Luxoft, Glencore, UBS uye akawanda evamwe.
Hupenyu hwekugara muZug hwakakwira, kune zvikoro zvakazvimirira uye zveveruzhinji, zvikoro zvebasa remaoko, mayunivhesiti nemayunivhesiti. Tichataura nezvedzidzo zvishoma.
Zurich
Iyo kanton ine vanhu vakawanda muSwitzerland (sa2017). Chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vemo chinogara muguta reZurich.
Ndiyo nzvimbo huru yezvemari muSwitzerland uye nzvimbo yesainzi. Muna 2019, yakatora nzvimbo yechipiri maererano nehupenyu hwepasirese, pamwe nenzvimbo yechina mune runyorwa rwemaguta anodhura zvakanyanya. Uyewo anozivikanwa serimwe remaguta akachengetedzeka.
Iyi inzvimbo inotaura chiGerman.
Zurich ine airport yayo uye ine zvakanakisa zvekufambisa zvinongedzo nemamwe macanton nenyika.
Makambani uye zvikamu zvemakambani: mabhanga akawanda, Amazon, Booking.com, Apple, Swisscom, IBM, Accenture, Sunrise Communications, Microsoft, Siemens nevamwe.
Dzidzo: Yunivhesiti yeZurich, zvikoro zvakazvimirira uye zveveruzhinji, zvikoro zvehunyanzvi.
Dzidzo yako nevana vako
Zvinoenderana nenhamba dze2015, mari yehurumende padzidzo pamunhu yaive $4324, inova yechipiri kuUnited States. Russia iri pachinzvimbo chechi49 mune iyi chinzvimbo.
Hunhu hwedzidzo, inoyerwa sekuzadzisa zvinodiwa nehupfumi, i8,94 kubva pagumi, kana nzvimbo yekutanga padanho. Russia iri pachinhanho chemakumi mana nematatu nemapoinzi 10.
Kunyanya kutarisisa kunobhadharwa kwete kune vechidiki chete, asiwo kune nyanzvi - kusimudzira kwehunyanzvi kunogara kuchipihwa.
Iyo yedzidzo sisitimu ine akati wandei nhanho: yekugadzirira (kireshi), yekutanga-chikamu chesekondari dzidzo, yechipiri-chikamu chesekondari (jimunasium, chitupa chematiriki, dzidzo yepuraimari yehunyanzvi, dzidzo yepuraimari yehunyanzvi), nhanho yechitatu (mayunivhesiti, zvikoro zvekudzidzisa, mayunivhesiti akasarudzika, dzidzo yepamusorosoro) dzidzo, bachelors, masters, doctoral degrees).
Kune 260 zvikoro zvakazvimiririra kwavanodzidzisa muchiGerman, French, Italian, Chirungu nemimwe mitauro.
MuSwitzerland vanoisa mari muvanhu sechinhu chavo chakakosha. Nyika ine urombo muzviwanikwa, saka tekinoroji, masevhisi, hunyanzvi uye ruzivo zvinosarudza.
Zug ine mukurumbira kune yayo yepasi rose boarding chikoro. Iri mune yaimbova Grand Hotel SchΓΆnfels. Chinonzi chikoro chevakuru. Alumni anosanganisira John Kerry (Munyori weUnited States of State), Mark Foster (munyori uye mutungamiriri), Pierre Mirabeau (muvambi weMirabo bank, uyewo sachigaro weSwitzerland Bankers Association).
Pamusoro pechikoro, kune veruzhinji uye akazvimirira mayunivhesiti nezvikoro.
Kune gumi nemaviri mayunivhesiti muZurich, iyo Federal Higher Technical School (ETH) - kubva kwaAlbert Einstein naWilhelm Conrad RΓΆntgen vakapedza kudzidza - zvikoro zveveruzhinji uye zvakazvimirira.
Chinhu chinonakidza: mune idzi cantons kune masangano edzidzo kwaanodzidzisa kwete muchiGerman neChirungu chete, asiwo muchiRussia.
Mutengo wedzidzo unogona kunge wakachipa pane wekumusha kwako. Kunyanya, gore rekupedza kudzidza muZurich kuETH kune mudzidzi wekunze rinodhura 1700 francs pagore - zvakafanana neyemuno. Gore paYunivhesiti yeZurich rinodhura 2538 francs (1000 francs kupfuura yemudzidzi weko).
Unogona kuwana Executive MBA muZurich.
Hupenyu hwezuva nezuva muSwitzerland: rendi, internet, chekufambisa, mutengo wekurarama
Switzerland inopa vagari vayo mararamiro epamusoro, hutano, kuchengeteka uye nyaradzo. Mihoro pano inotarisirwawo kunge yakawanda.
Kunyanya, Zurich inomira yechipiri maererano nemhando yehupenyu munyika (2017). Geneva iri pachinhanho chechisere, Basel iri pachinhanho chegumi, uye Bern iri pachinhanho chegumi neina.
Panyaya yekuchengeteka kwemunhu, Switzerland inomira 3rd mushure meFinland neDenmark.
Kukwezva nekuchengetedza nyanzvi dzekunze - 100 mapoinzi kubva ku100 anogoneka.
Kune makambani anodarika zviuru gumi munyika anokwezva nyanzvi dzekunze. Kune akakosha masangano anokubatsira kuvandudza hupenyu hwako mushure mekutamira kuSwitzerland.
Chiverengero chavagari vapasi chenyika chinoshivirira zvikuru vanhu vakakwana, pasinei hapo nokwavanobva. Iyo nyika pachayo inotora nzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera pazvinhu zvakawanda, saka inoshandira pamwe nemunhu wese.
Nezvekufamba
Ukatakura zvinhu zvako, hazvibhadhariswe duty pabhodha. Zvinongodiwa chete kuti chivakwa chive chako kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu uye inoshandiswa newe paunosvika.
Mukati memazuva gumi nemana ekusvika iwe unofanirwa kunyoresa kunzvimbo yako nyowani yekugara. Iwe unozoda mapasipoti ekunze, inishuwarenzi yehutano, pikicha yepasipoti, muchato uye zvitupa zvekuzvarwa, uye kondirakiti yebasa.
Kana iwe uri kufamba nemhuri yako, munhu mumwe nomumwe ane seti yakafanana.
Iwe unogona kupinda mumotokari uye uite kuti inyoreswe uye inshuwarisi muSwitzerland mukati memwedzi gumi nemaviri.
Zvinokurudzirwa kudzidza kamwechete mutauro wepamutemo wemuno: ChiGerman, French, Italian. Kune nhamba huru yezvidzidzo.
Kubhadhara imba
Iro tsika kuonana nevaya vanonyora nzvimbo yacho, woongorora imba yacho wobva waita chisarudzo.
Paunenge uchipedzisa chibvumirano, dhipoziti kana dhipoziti muhuwandu hwekubhadhara kwemwedzi mitatu yerendi inobhadharwa kune yakakosha account. Inoshanda sevimbiso kune muridzi wemba. Pakusvika, muridzi weroja nemuridzi vanoongorora imba yacho uye vanonyora mushumo wakanyorwa wokuremara. Kana izvi zvikasaitwa, pakuenda unogona kubhadhariswa zvese "kuputsika" uye kushomeka.
Kana muridzi wemba achida kuwedzera rendi, anofanira kuzadza fomu chairo. Kana kuwedzerwa kwemuripo kuchiita sekusina musoro kwauri, unogona kukwidza mutongo nekunyora mukati memazuva makumi matatu.
Runhare, Internet, Terevhizheni
Kune huwandu hukuru hwemakambani anopa masevhisi akafanana pamusika weSwitzerland. Vakakosha vatengesi: Swisscom, Munyu uye Kubuda kwezuva. Kunyoreswa kwemutengi muhurongwa kunosungirwa, kunyangwe isu tichitaura nezve prepaid services.
Nyika ine analogue uye digital terevhizheni. Unobhadhara muripo wekunyoresa kuti uve nekodzero yekugamuchira zvirongwa zveredhiyo neterevhizheni, zvisinei nezvaunoona nekuteerera.
senga
Kutakura zvinhu muSwitzerland kunonakidza. Kune network yakaomeswa yenjanji, migwagwa mikuru, masevhisi emabhazi uye kunyange nzira dzemvura. Kufamba kwevanhu kwanyanya - kunyangwe misha iri munzizi ine igwa rinouya kamwechete pamaawa maviri ega ega.
Matikiti mamwechete, mazuva ese, epamwedzi, uye epagore anopfuura anopihwa. Iko kune yepasirese yekufamba pass iyo inokubvumidza kuti ufambe pane dzinenge njanji dzese, shandisa intercity mabhazi masevhisi, mvura uye kutakura kweguta.
Kufamba kwevana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu mahara; Vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nematanhatu ekuberekwa vanogona kufamba mahara neJunior Karte kana vakaperekedzwa nevabereki vavo, pamwe neKadhi reMuzukuru kana vachiperekedzwa nasekuru nasekuru. Vechidiki vane makore 6-16 vanofamba mahara mukirasi yechipiri mushure me16:25 vaine Gleis 19 pass.
Mari uye mutengo wekugara muSwitzerland
Avhareji yemari pamwedzi yemhuri yeSwitzerland i7556 francs. Mabhenefiti ezvemagariro uye mamwe masosi anowedzerwa - tinowana avhareji kukosha kwe9946 mafranc.
Mari inowanikwa mushure memitero inenge 70%. Nekudaro, kune misiyano yedunhu, saka unofanirwa kutarisa zvichienderana nekanton.
Switzerland iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri maererano nesimba rekutenga rehuwandu. Zurich iri panzvimbo yechipiri pakati pemaguta epasi.
Mitengo muZurich
Rent yeimwe imba yekurara muZurich - kubva ku1400 euros.
Pane nguva dzose mukana wekutsvaga imwe nzira kuburikidza nekushandisa mabasa enyanzvi dzemunharaunda.
Avhareji yebhiri mune nyore cafe inobva ku20 euros. Kapu ye cappuccino - kubva ku5 euros.
Kirogiramu yembatatisi inenge 2 euros, Chingwa (0,5 kg) inenge 3 euros, hafu yerita yemvura inodarika euro, mazai gumi nemaviri anenge 3 euros. 95 peturu - kubva ku1,55 euros parita.
Mitengo muZug
MuZug, kuhaya imba yekurara imwe chete kunotanga kubva ku1500 EUR.
Kudya kwemasikati mune cafe - anenge 20 euros. Kapu yekofi - inenge 4 euros.
Kirogiramu yembatatisi inenge 2 euros, rofu rechingwa rinenge 1,5 euros, 1,5 malita emvura 0,70 euros, gumi nemaviri mazai anenge 5 euros. Petroli 95 - inenge 1,5 euros.
Nzira yekuwana sei mvumo yebasa uye yekugara?
Kuti ugare uye ushande muSwitzerland, iwe unozoda mvumo yebasa uye mvumo yekugara (visa). Kuti ushanyire Switzerland iwe unofanirwa kuwana visa.
Mavhiza aripo ekushanya, basa, kubatanidza mhuri uye kudzidza. Inogona kuva yenguva pfupi kana yakareba.
Kuti vatange kunyorera vhiza, vagari venyika dziri kunze kweEU neEEA vanofanirwa kubata mumiriri weSwitzerland munyika yavo yekugara. Iwe unozoda pasipoti yekunze inoshanda, inishuwarenzi yehutano uye magwaro anosimbisa chinangwa cherwendo: kondirakiti yebasa, magwaro emutemo ekambani, nezvimwe.
Mari yevisa inoenderana nechinangwa chekushanya.
Mapepa ese asiri muChirungu, French kana Italian anozoda kushandurirwa.
Mushure mezvo unogona kuwana mvumo yekugara uyezve mvumo yekugara.
Zvimwe zvibvumirano hazvisanganisi kodzero yekushanda. Tarisa nemasevhisi ekutama. Kana ukagara munyika kwenguva inodarika mwedzi mitatu, unogamuchira chitupa chemutorwa.
Unogona kuwana:
- Mvumo yekugara B (mvumo yekugara ine kodzero yekushanda kwenguva ye1 gore, pamwe nemukana wekuwedzera kwerimwe gore);
- Mvumo yekugara C (mvumo yekugara kwenguva refu ine kodzero yekushanda), kodzero dzakaenzana nevagari veSwitzerland;
- Residence permit L (mvumo yekugara kwenguva pfupi, kana basa racho riine nguva yakanyatsojeka), haugone kuchinja nzvimbo yako yebasa;
- Residence mvumo F (kugara kwenguva pfupi kwevagari vekunze).
Uyezve, mamwe mavhiza anokubvumira kukoka hama: mudzimai ane vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe uye vabereki vanovimba; mudzimai nevana chete; murume/mukadzi chete.
Kuti vatange kushanda, vatorwa vanogara munyika kwenguva inodarika 3 mwedzi vanofanirwa kuwana mvumo kubva kuhofisi ye cantonal migration.
Mvumo ndeyenguva pfupi (pasi pegore rimwe), nekukasira (kwenguva yakatarwa) uye isina muganho. Izvi nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nekugara kwevatorwa zvinogadziriswa padanho re cantonal.
Paunoenda kubasa, unozofanirwa kuona kuti dhigirii rako rinozivikanwa. Kana iwe wakaigamuchira mukati meEU, inozogamuchirwa otomatiki kana kungoita otomatiki mukati meiyo Bologna maitiro. Kana isu tichitaura nezvechitupa cheRussia, saka kusimbiswa kubva kune vane chiremera vane simba kunodiwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko izvi zvinogona kuitwa nemukuru wedzidzo wepanzvimbo yako.
Kana iwe uchida kuwana hugari hweSwitzerland, unofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinotevera:
- Wakagara munyika kweanenge makore gumi nemaviri (kune avo vanogara muSwitzerland kubva ku12 kusvika ku12, gore rega rega rinoverengera se20);
- Batanidza muhupenyu hwenzvimbo;
- Ziva nzira yehupenyu uye tsika dzeSwitzerland;
- Teerera murayiro;
- Usaisa njodzi yekuchengetedza.
Kare, nguva yaidiwa yekugara munyika yakanga yakareba - kubva pamakore makumi maviri.
Summary
Kutamira kuSwitzerland kunogara uye kushanda kunogoneka. Nyanzvi yeIT ine mukana wekuwana basa mukambani hombe kana kugadzira bhizinesi rake. Mari yekugara pano yakakwira kupfuura kune dzimwe nyika, asi iwe uchiri kuwana mararamiro epamusoro, dzidzo yakanakisa yevana, kunyaradza uye kuchengeteka.
Uyezve, mari yevashandi, kunyanya mundima dzetekinoroji, yakakwira kupfuura mune dzimwe nyika.
Switzerland inzvimbo inovimbisa yekuvandudza mapurojekiti e blockchain, kunyangwe chero kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-tekinoroji uye kutsvagisa kunogamuchirwa pano: mushonga, kutaurirana, nanotechnology, nezvimwe.
Hazvina mhosva kuti inzvimbo ipi yeIT yaunoshanda mairi, iwe uchawana nzvimbo yekuda kwako. Kusanganisira nemhuri yako.
Source: www.habr.com