Nzira ye "kudzidza kudzidza". Chikamu 2 - metacognitive maitiro uye doodling

В kutanga chikamu Mukuongorora kwedu kweanobatsira hupenyu hacks kuvadzidzi, takataura nezve tsvakiridzo yesainzi kuseri kwezano riri pachena - "inwa mvura yakawanda," "kurovedza muviri," "ronga maitiro ako ezuva nezuva." Muchikamu chino, isu tichatarisa zvisinganyanyi kuoneka "hacks", pamwe nenzvimbo dzinoonekwa nhasi seimwe yeinonyanya kuvimbisa mukudzidziswa. Ngatiedzei kuona kuti "doodles mumicheto yebhuku rekunyorera" inogona kubatsira sei, uye mune zvipi zviitiko kufunga nezvebvunzo kunokubatsira kuti uipase zviri nani.

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tsandanyama ndangariro

Kupinda hurukuro nderimwe zano riri pachena kune avo vanoda kudzidza zvirinani. Uye, nenzira, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa pa Quora. Kunyangwe kushanya kwega kusingawanzo kukwana, vazhinji venyu munoziva mamiriro acho ezvinhu: uri kugadzirira tikiti rebvunzo, uye haugone kurangarira izvo chaizvo mudzidzisi akataura nezvazvo, kunyangwe uine chokwadi chekuti waive mukirasi zuva iroro. .

Kuti uwane zvakanyanya nguva yako panguva yezvidzidzo, masayendisiti anorayira kudzidzisa tsandanyama ndangariro - ndiko kuti, kutanga, kutora manotsi. Izvi hazvisi izvo chete zvinokutendera kuti udzoke kwavari gare gare (izvo zviri pachena), asi chiito chekunyora ruzivo pasi neruoko chinokubatsira kuti uchirirangarira zviri nani. Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva kuitira kuti urangarire zviri nani pfungwa dzakaoma, zvine musoro kuti usangozvinyora pasi, asi kuti uzvinyore pasi nekudhirowa.

Iwe unogona kuedza kuunza iyo data muchimiro chechati kana dhayagiramu (izvo zvakaoma kana iwe uchifanira kunyatsoteerera kune mudzidzisi), asi dzimwe nguva kuti unyatso kurangarira ruzivo, zvakakwana kuti uwedzere manotsi nemanyorero. kana doodles (izwi remhando iyi yekudhirowa zvakare"griffonage").

Doodles anogona kuoneka seanodzokorora mapatani, mitsetse, abstractions-kana zviso, mhuka, kana mazwi ega (semu. muenzaniso uyu) Iwe unogona kudhirowa chero chinhu - chinhu chakakosha che doodles ndechekuti tsika yakadaro hainyatso kukwezva munhu - zvakasiyana, semuenzaniso, kushanda nesimba mukirasi yehunyanzvi.

Pakutanga kuona, kuita doodling kunotsamwisa - zvinoita sokuti munhu ari kuedza kuuraya nguva uye akanyura mupfungwa dzake. Mukuita, zvinozoitika kuti doodles, pane kudaro, inotibatsira kuona zviri nani pfungwa nyowani uye nekudzirangarira.

Muna 2009, bhuku reApplied Cognitive Psychology rakaburitswa rakabudiswa mhedzisiro yeongororo yakaitwa neChikoro chePsychology paYunivhesiti yePlymouth (UK). Yakafukidza vanhu makumi mana vane makore gumi nemasere kusvika makumi mashanu nemashanu. Zvidzidzo inopiwa teerera kurekodhwa kwe“runhare rwakabva kushamwari” (pazvakarekodhwa, mushamarari akaverenga nenzwi rimwechete re“shamwari” yenhema ichikurukura kuti ndiani angaenda kupati yake uye ndiani aisakwanisa, uye nei. ) Boka rinodzora rakakumbirwa kunyora pasi pabepa mazita evaya vaizoenda kumabiko (uye hapana chimwezve) sezvavakanyora.

Boka rekuedza rakapiwa pepa remakona uye madenderedzwa uye rakakumbirwa kuti rive mumvuri maumbirwo panguva yekuteerera (zvidzidzo zvakanyeverwa kuti kukurumidza uye kururamisa kwemumvuri kwakanga kusina kukosha - shading yaingova kupedza nguva).

Mushure meizvi, zvidzidzo zvese zvakakumbirwa kutanga mazita avo vaizoenda kumabiko, uye vonyora mazita enzvimbo ataurwa mukurekodhwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yaishamisa zvikuru - muzviitiko zvese izvi, vanhu vakakumbirwa kuti vafukidze maumbirwo aive akanyanya (boka rekuyedza rakarangarira 29% ruzivo rwakanyanya kupfuura boka rekutonga, kunyangwe vasina kukumbirwa kunyora kana kurangarira chero chinhu).

Mhedzisiro iyi yakanaka inogona kunge iri nekuda kwekuti kusaziva kunyora kunobvumidza iwe kuita net passive mode yekushanda kwehuropi. "Doodle Activists" saSunni Brown, munyori mabhuku Iyo Doodle Revolution inotenda kuti doodles haisi nzira yekuchengeta maoko ako akabatikana, asi nzira yekumisikidza uropi hwako. Mune mamwe mazwi, idhizaini inotitendera kuti titange "workarounds" kana tasvika kumagumo - zvinoreva kuti doodle inogona kubatsira kana, semuenzaniso, uchinetseka kugadzirisa dambudziko kana kutsvaga mazwi akakodzera echinyorwa. bepa.

Kudzokera pakurangarira ruzivo, kunyora mumicheto kunokubatsira kuvakazve ruzivo rwezvanga zvichiitika pauri pawakadhirowa. Jessie Prince (Jesse J. Prinz), Sachigaro weInterdisciplinary Research Committee yeDoctoral Graduate School yeGuta University yeNew York, inobvumakuti, achitarisa zvidhori zvake, anoyeuka zviri nyore zvakakurukurwa paakazvidhirowa. Anoenzanisa doodles nemapositikadhi - kana ukatarisa positikadhi rawakatenga parwendo, zvinhu zvinobva zvauya mupfungwa zvine chekuita nerwendo irworwo - zvinhu zvaungasazokwanisa kurangarira zvakadaro.

Mufananidzo neITMO University

Iyi ndiyo mukana we "manotsi ane doodles" (zvichienzaniswa neakajairika manotsi): kugara uchitora-notsi-yakanyanya kunokanganisa iwe kubva kune izvo mudzidzisi ari kuudza iye zvino, kunyanya kana akapa huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu izvo zvisina kugadzirirwa kutaurisa. Kana iwe ukabata pfungwa huru nenzira yakajairika uye uchichinja kune doodles sezvaunoatsanangura, unogona kunzwisisa nyaya yacho zviri nani pasina kurasikirwa neshinda yenyaya.

Kune rimwe divi, dhoodling haina kukodzera mabasa ese. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kubata nemusoro uye kudzidza nhamba huru yemifananidzo (machati, magirafu), yako dhizaini inongokanganisa iwe - Wall Street Journal. приводит Izvi zvinotsigirwa neongororo yakaitwa paUniversity yeBritish Columbia. Kana mabasa ese ari maviri achida kugadzirisa ruzivo rwekuona, kuita doodling kunotitadzisa kutarisa pane izvo zvakakosha panguva iyoyo.

Zviri nani kufuratira kuita doodling uye kana usina chokwadi chekuti chokwadi uye mafomula akapihwa nemudzidzisi anogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore mune mamwe masosi. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakachengeteka kudzidzisa tsandanyama chiyeuchidzo nerubatsiro rwemashoko ekare akanaka chete.

Zivo pamusoro pezivo

Imwe nzvimbo inofanirwa kutariswa kune avo vanoda kudzidza zvirinani ndeye metacognitive maitiro (yechipiri-odha cognition, kana, zviri nyore, izvo zvatinoziva nezve ruzivo rwedu pachedu). Patricia Chen, muongorori weStanford anoshanda munzvimbo iyi, anotsanangura: “Kazhinji kazhinji, vadzidzi vanotanga basa vasina kufunga, vasingaedzi kufanoronga kuti ndeapi manyuko akanakisisa okushandisa, vasinganzwisisi kuti ndezvipi zvakanaka pane chimwe nechimwe chazvo, pasina kuongorora kuti zvinhu zvakasarudzwa zvingashandiswa sei zvinobudirira zvikuru.”

Chen nevamwe vake vakaita nhevedzano yezvidzidzo (mhedzisiro yavo yaive rakabudiswa gore rapfuura mumagazini Psychological Science) uye zviedzo zvinoratidza kuti kufunga nezvekudzidza kunogona sei kukurudzira vadzidzi kuita zvirinani. Sechikamu cheimwe yezvidzidzo, vadzidzi vakapihwa gwaro remibvunzo anenge mazuva gumi bvunzo isati yaitwa - vanyori vayo vakavabvunza kuti vafunge nezvebvunzo iri kuuya uye vapindure mibvunzo pamusoro pegiredhi iro mudzidzi anoda kuwana, kukosha kwegiredhi iri kwaari uye. angangoita sei kuti aiwane.

Pamusoro pezvo, vadzidzi vakakumbirwa kuti vafunge nezvemibvunzo ingangobuda pabvunzo uye kuona kuti ndeipi pagumi neshanu maitiro ekudzidza aripo (kugadzirira kubva pane zvinyorwa zvehurukuro, kuverenga bhuku, kudzidza mibvunzo yebvunzo, kukurukura nevezera rako, kutora makosi ne mudzidzisi, nezvimwewo) vachashandisa. Mushure mezvo vakakumbirwa kuti vatsanangure sarudzo yavo uye vatsanangure kuti chii chaizvo chavaizoita - kutaura zvazviri, kuita hurongwa hwekugadzirira bvunzo. Boka rekutonga rakangogamuchira chiyeuchidzo nezvebvunzo uye kukosha kwekuidzidzira.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, vadzidzi vakaita chirongwa vakaita zvirinani pabvunzo, vachiwana mamakisi paavhareji chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chepoindi yepamusoro (somuenzaniso, “A+” pachinzvimbo cha“A” kana “B” pane kuti “B-”) . Vakaonawo kuti vainzwa vaine chivimbo uye vaigona kuzvidzora zviri nani panguva yebvunzo. Vanyori vezvidzidzo vanosimbisa kuti vakasarudza vatori vechikamu chekuedza kuitira kuti pakanga pasina kusiyana kwenhamba pakati pemapoka-boka rekuedza harina kuva nevadzidzi vanogona kana kuti vanokurudzirwa.

Seizvo masayendisiti anocherekedza, chakanyanya kuwanikwa pakudzidza kwavo ndechekuti nekuteerera kune metacognitive maitiro uye kufunga nezve basa, unoita basa rakakosha rekuwedzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinokutendera kuti ugadzirise ruzivo rwako zvirinani, gara uchikurudzirwa uye uwane mhinduro dzinoshanda - zvese zvekugadzirira bvunzo uye chero mamwe mamiriro.

TL; DR

• Kuti uwane zvakanyanya nguva yako yaunopedza muhurukuro, shandisa tsandanyama ndangariro. Sarudzo iri nyore ndeyekutora zvinyorwa zvehurukuro. Imwe nzira ndeye manotsi plus doodling. Iyi nzira inokubatsira kuona zviri nani ruzivo rutsva uye kurirangarira zvakanyanya. Doodles inokutendera iwe kuti uyeuke akawanda nuances mundangariro dzako, akafanana nemakadhidhi kana mapikicha ekufambisa, iyo inotaridzika "inomutsa" ndangariro dzako.

• Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti kuitira kuti doodling inyatso kukubatsira kuyeuka zvinhu zvitsva zviri nani, zvakakosha kuti chiitiko ichi chirambe chiri chemuchina uye chinongoitika. Kana iwe ukanyura mukudhirowa, haungakwanise kuona chero rumwe ruzivo.

• Sanganisa doodling uye "classic" manotsi. Nyora pasi zvinhu zvakakosha uye mafomula "nzira yechinyakare." Shandisa doodling kana: 1) panguva yehurukuro zvakakosha kuti iwe unzwisise musimboti weimwe pfungwa, unzwisise zvazvinoreva, uye iwe unotova nedata rekutanga pamusoro pechinyorwa; uye 2) mudzidzisi anopa huwandu hwezvinhu uye anozvitaurira nekukurumidza, kwete mu-on-the-record format. Usaregeredza chikumbiro chemudzidzisi kuti anyore ichi kana icho pfungwa mukunyora.

• Maererano nemamwe masayendisiti, dhoodling inomutsa iyo passive mode network yeuropi. Naizvozvo, zvinogona kubetsera kana uri “pamugumo wakaoma.” Pane zita here kana izwi pamuromo werurimi rwako asi haugone kurirangarira? Une dambudziko rekuwana mazwi akakodzera ebasa rako rakanyorwa? Wakamboedza zvese zvingasarudzwa zvekugadzirisa dambudziko uye wave kutanga kushatirwa? Edza kugadzira madoodles asina chaanoziva uye wozodzokera kubasa pave paya.

• Kuisa pfungwa pa "kuziva ruzivo rwako" ndeimwe nzira yekudzidza zviri nani. Funga nezvekuti nei uchifanira kugadzirisa izvi kana kuti dambudziko, ndedzipi nzira uye nzira dzingave dzakakodzera kune izvi, funga zvakanakira nekuipira kweimwe neimwe yenzira dzinogoneka. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uchengetedze kukurudzira (iwe wakapindura mubvunzo nei uchida izvi uye ndezvipi zvaunotarisira kubva kwauri mubvunzo kana pakupera kwekosi). Mukuwedzera, iyi nzira inokubvumira kuronga iyo inonyanya kushanda sarudzo yekuzvigadzirira (iwe hauchabati ruzivo rwekutanga rwaunosangana narwo) uye ramba wakadzikama paunenge uchiedza ruzivo rwako.

Muchikamu chekupedzisira cheongororo yedu, tichataura nezve nzira yekurangarira nekuchengetedza ruzivo: kuti kutaura nyaya kunogona kubatsira sei mune iyi nyaya uye nzira yekukunda iyo "kukanganwa curve."

Source: www.habr.com