Kare isu , Ndeipi tsvakurudzo iri seri kwezano rakakurumbira pamusoro penzira ye "kudzidza kudzidza." yakakurukura nzira dzemetacognitive uye kubatsira kwe "margin cribbling."
Muchikamu chechitatu - vakaudza . Nenzira, takataura nezve ndangariro zvakasiyana и , zvakare - takaona kuti sei"".
Nhasi tichakurukura pfungwa, "multitasking" uye kutarisa kupomba.
Mufananidzo: /Unsplash
Attention ndiyo “tsinga yegadziriro yese yepfungwa”
General psychology inotsanangura kutarisisa sekugona kwemunhu kuisa pfungwa pane imwe nguva panguva pane chero chinhu: chinhu, chiitiko, mufananidzo kana kufunga. Kutarisa kunogona kuve kwekuzvidira - kunoenderana nekuziva kufarira, uye nekusazvidira kana hunhu (iwe unozoona kuombera kwakajairwa kwekutinhira, zvisinei nechishuwo chako). Chinodiwa chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinopesvedzera kutarisisa: munhu ane nzara anofamba-famba muguta anotarisa maresitorendi nemakofi kakawanda kupfuura munhu akaguta.
Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha maitiro ekutarisisa ndiko kusarudza kwayo uye huwandu. Saka pane chimwe chiitiko, munhu anotanga kunzwa ruzha rwemanzwi chete. Nekudaro, kana waanozivana naye angoerekana ataura pedyo naye, kutarisa kweumwe uye mumwe munhu kunochinja kumanzwi avo nekutaurirana. Ichi chiitiko, chinozivikanwa se "cocktail party effect", chave chiri kuedza muna 1953 naEdward Colin Cherry weImperial College, University of London.
Huwandu hwekutarisisa hunogona kuratidzwa muhuwandu hwezvinhu izvo munhu anogona kuisa pfungwa pane imwe nguva. Kumunhu mukuru, izvi zvinenge zvina kusvika zvishanu, zvitanhatu zvikuru, zvinhu zvisingaenderani: semuenzaniso, mavara kana nhamba. Izvi hazvireve kuti isu panguva imwe chete tinongoona mazwi mashoma muchinyorwa - aya anogona zvakare kuve semantic zvidimbu zvezvinyorwa. Asi nhamba yavo haipfuuri vatanhatu.
Pakupedzisira, kutarisa kunoratidzwa nekukwanisa kwayo kufamba kubva kune rimwe basa kuenda kune rimwe (kusavapo-pfungwa kubva pane ino maonero ndiko kusakwanisa kuita izvi zvinobudirira) uye kugadzikana - kukwanisa kuchengetedza pfungwa kwenguva yakati. Iyi pfuma inoenderana nehunhu hwezvinhu zviri kudzidzwa uye munhu pachake.
Mufananidzo: /Unsplash
Kutarisa kutarisa ndeimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu ekubudirira kushanda uye kudzidza. Charles Darwin munhoroondo yake youpenyu “Nheudzo dzeKukura Kwepfungwa Yangu noUnhu” kuti basa rake rakabatsirwa kwete chete ne“tsika yekushanda nesimba, asiwo nengwariro kubhizimisi ripi neripi raakanga akabatikana mariri.” Uye Anglo-American psychologist Edward Bradford Titchener mubhuku rake "Lectures on the Experimental Psychology of Sensation and Attention" (1908) "tsinga dzayo dzemaitiro ese epfungwa."
Kugona kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe kune zvakanaka pakuita zvedzidzo. Pamusoro pazvo MIT tsvagiridzo yakaitwa muBoston. Vanotaura nezvetariro se“chimiro chebasa rendangariro chaunoda kukwanisa kuchengeta.”
Multitasking ingano
Mabhuku ane mukurumbira anonyora kuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokwanisika kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kuvandudza kuterera nekudzidzira kuita zvakawanda. Zvisinei, maererano nekutsvakurudza, multitasking inyanzvi iyo, kutanga, haigone kukudziridza, uye chechipiri, haina zvachose.
Maererano ne neuropsychologist uye purofesa paYunivhesiti yeUtah David Strayer, multitasking inzvimbo yakasarudzika: hapana inopfuura 2,5% yevanhu vanayo. Inotarwa nemajini uye kuigadzira kutambisa nguva. "Tinozvinyengedza uye tinowanzo wedzeredza kugona kwedu kuita zvakawanda," musayendisiti.
Miedzo, paStanford University yakaratidza kuti zvidzidzo zvakaiswa mumamiriro ekugadzirisa matambudziko akati wandei panguva imwe chete akawedzera zvakanyanya pamabasa. Multitasking inogona kuita seyakashanda pakutanga, asi nekufamba kwenguva zvinotora kusvika 40% imwe nguva uye mhedzisiro yacho yakazara nezvikanganiso. paAmerican Psychological Association.
Nzira yekuvandudza pfungwa
Unogona kunyatsoteerera. Somuenzaniso, pane , izvo zvinoratidza kuti maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekufungisisa - zvose zvechinyakare zvekuMabvazuva uye zvemazuva ano maitiro akajairika muU.SA neEurope, anobatsira kwete kungobvisa kushushikana uye kukudziridza kuzvidzora, asiwo kuvandudza zvakanyanya kukwanisa kuisa pfungwa.
Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoda kufungisisa. Sezvineiwo, kune dzimwe nzira. Tom Wujec kubva kuSingularity University, mashoma maekisesaizi ari nyore. Uri kugara munzira yepasi pevhu here kana kuti wakamira panzvimbo yemotokari? Nzira yakanakisa yekuuraya nguva uye kudzidzisa kutarisisa kwako panguva imwe chete ndeyekutarisa kwemaminetsi mashanu pane yekushambadza poster kana bumper sticker pamota iri kumberi, pasina kufunga nezve chimwe chinhu. Uri kuverenga bhuku rakaoma uye kutsauswa? Rangarira chimedu pawakarasika wochiverenga zvakare.
Mufananidzo: /Unsplash
Chokwadi, tinoita izvi pasina zano raTom Wijack, asi anoti zvinoshanda zvakanyanya. Kugara pahurukuro inofinha kana musangano? Gara wakasununguka sezvinobvira. Iwe unongomanikidzwa kunyatsoteerera, Wijek anogutsikana. Dzidzo yekushandisa Mission.org Verenga mabhuku akadhindwa mazuva ese, ayo achakudzidzisa kuisa pfungwa pabasa rimwe chete kwenguva yakareba uye kufungisisa. Asi kunoratidzika kwatiri kuti zano rakadaro riri pachena zvikuru.
Kuvandudza pfungwa "nesayenzi"
Maonero esainzi anoita seanopokana: kuti unyatsoteerera, haufanirwe kukudziridza kugona uku neakakosha maekisesaizi kana kuzvimanikidza nesimba rako rose, asi. ingopa pfungwa dzako kuzorora. Tsvakurudzo dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinotenda: munhu anorasikirwa nekukwanisa kuisa pfungwa kwete nokuti haakwanisi kana kuti haadi kuzviita. Kuverengera hakusi kutadza kushanda, asi chinhu chakakosha chehurongwa hwetsinga hunobatsira huropi hwedu kushanda zvakajairika: kutarisisa kwakanyanya (iyo yepamberi lobe yecerebral cortex inokonzeresa izvi) inoda kushandiswa kwakakura kwazvo kwesimba, saka nekuvhiringidzwa, isu. ipai uropi kuzorora.
Paul Seley, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa paHarvard University, Ndizvozvo, kudana kuverengera "pfungwa dzinodzungaira." Anotaura kuti zvakakodzera kuzorora zvine hungwaru, achitaura tsvakiridzo iyoyo mumagazini NeuroImage. Iwe haufanire "kurota" chete, asi shandisa nguva yako yekuzorora kugadzirisa dambudziko riri nyore rezuva nezuva iro risingade simba rakawanda rekuchenjera. Mushure meizvi, iwe unogona kudzokera kuzvidzidzo zvako uye kugadzirisa zvakare.
Zano raPaul Cely rinobvumirana nazvo , yakawanikwa kare muna 1993: uropi hunokwanisa kushanda nesimba kwemaminetsi asingapfuuri 90. Kuzorora kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu kunodiwa kuti udzoke.
Mune imwe ongororo yakazoitwa nevaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeIllinois bhenefiti yepfupi - masekonzi mashoma - kutyora (pfungwa "kupwanya") nekuda kwechinangwa chimwe chete. KuGeorgia Tech kuti maonero ezvinyorwa anovandudzwa nekurovedza muviri, uye caffeine inovandudza chiyeuchidzo uye kutarisa. Uye paAustralia National University vakaita ongororo nevadzidzi ve124 uye izvo zvinosetsa YouTube mavhidhiyo anokubatsira kuzorora uye kupora kuti iwe ugone kutarisisa zvakanyanya gare gare.
TL; DR
- Kubudirira kwekuita zvakawanda ingano. Rangarira kuti 2,5% chete yevanhu vari "multitasking" zvechokwadi. Kugona uku kunotemerwa genetically uye hazvigoneke kukura. Kune vamwe, kuita zvakawanda kutambisa nguva uye kukanganisa mubasa.
- Ungada kufungisisa; inzira yakanaka chaizvo yekudzidza kuteerera. Chokwadi, uchafanira kudzidzira kufungisisa nguva dzose.
- Kana iwe usingakwanise kutarisisa, usanyomba uropi hwako. Anofanira kuzorora. Tora zororo, asi zvishandise nehungwaru: kurovedza muviri kwakareruka, kapu yekofi, kana kugadzirisa dambudziko riri nyore rezuva nezuva kuchakubatsira kuti udzoke pakudzidza uye udzore pfungwa dzako zvinobudirira.
Chii chimwe chatinacho pana Habré:
Source: www.habr.com