Mukutarisira iyo PS5 uye Project Scarlett, iyo inotsigira ray tracing, ndakatanga kufunga nezve mwenje mumitambo. Ndakawana zvinyorwa apo munyori anotsanangura kuti chiedza chii, kuti chinokanganisa sei dhizaini, inoshandura gameplay, aesthetics uye ruzivo. Zvese zvine mienzaniso uye skrini. Panguva yemutambo iwe hausi kuona izvi pakarepo.
Nhanganyaya
Kuvhenekera hakusi kuti mutambi akwanise kuona chiitiko (kunyangwe izvo zvakakosha). Chiedza chinokanganisa manzwiro. Maitiro mazhinji ekuvhenekesa mutheatre, firimu uye zvivakwa zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera manzwiro. Sei vagadziri vemitambo vasingafaniri kukwereta misimboti iyi? Kubatana pakati pemufananidzo nemhinduro yemanzwiro kunopa chimwe chishandiso chine simba chinokubatsira kushanda nehunhu, rondedzero, ruzha, mitambo mechanics, zvichingodaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, kupindirana kwechiedza nechepamusoro kunokubvumira kuti uite kupenya, ruvara, kusiyana, mimvuri uye mamwe maitiro. Zvese izvi zvinoguma nehwaro uhwo mugadziri wese anofanira kugona.
Chinangwa chechinyorwa ichi ndechekuona kuti dhizaini yekuvhenekesa inokanganisa sei aesthetics yemutambo uye ruzivo rwemushandisi. Ngatitarisei chimiro chechiedza uye kuti chinoshandiswa sei mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi kuongorora basa rayo mumitambo yemavhidhiyo.
"Swan Lake", Alexander Ekman
Ini - Chimiro chechiedza
βNzvimbo, chiedza uye kurongeka. Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvinodiwa nevanhu sezvavanoda chimedu chechingwa kana pekugara husiku,β Le Corbusier.
Chiedza chezvisikwa chinotungamira uye chinotiperekedza kubva panguva yekuzvarwa. Izvo zvinodikanwa, zvinomisa rhythm yedu yechisikigo. Chiedza chinodzora mashandiro emuviri wedu uye chinokanganisa wachi yebhaibheri. Ngatinzwisise kuti chii chinopenya flux, kusimba kwechiedza, ruvara uye nzvimbo dzakatariswa. Uye zvino tichanzwisisa kuti chiedza chii uye kuti chinozvibata sei.
1 - Zvinoonekwa neziso remunhu
Chiedza ndicho chikamu che electromagnetic spectrum chinoonekwa neziso. Munharaunda iyi, wavelengths inotangira pa380 kusvika 780 nm. Masikati tinoona mavara achishandisa makoni, asi usiku ziso rinoshandisa tsvimbo uye tinongoona mimvuri yegrey.
Izvo zvakakosha zvechiedza chinooneka igwara, kusimba, frequency uye polarization. Kumhanya kwayo muvacuum i300 m/s, uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakakosha zvemuviri zvisingaperi.
Inooneka electromagnetic spectrum
2 - Nhungamiro yekuparadzira
Hapana nyaya muvacuum, uye chiedza chinofamba chakatwasuka. Zvisinei, inoita zvakasiyana kana ikasangana nemvura, mhepo nezvimwe zvinhu. Pakusangana nechinhu, chikamu chechiedza chinotorwa uye chinoshandurwa kuita simba rinopisa. Pakudhumhana nechinhu chakajeka, chimwe chechiedza chinotorwawo, asi chakasara chinopfuura. Zvinhu zvakapfava, zvakaita segirazi, zvinoratidzira chiedza. Kana pamusoro pechinhu chisina kuenzana, chiedza chinopararira.
Kutungamira kwekupararira kwechiedza
3 - Basic maitiro
Kuyerera kwechiedza. Huwandu hwechiedza chinoburitswa nechiedza.
Chikamu chekuyera: lm (lumen).
Simba rechiedza. Huwandu hwechiedza chinotamiswa mune imwe nzira.
Chikamu chechiyero: cd (candela).
Kuvhenekera. Kuwanda kwechiedza chinowira pamusoro.
Chiedza = luminous flux (lm) / nzvimbo (m2).
Chikamu chechiyero: lx (lux).
Kupenya. Uhwu ndihwo chete humiro hwechiedza hunoonekwa neziso remunhu. Kune rumwe rutivi, inotora kupenya kwechiedza chechiedza, kune imwe, iyo yepamusoro, iyo inoreva zvakasimba zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuratidzira (ruvara nepamusoro).
Chikamu chechiyero: cd/m2.
4 - Kupisa kwemavara
Tembiricha yeruvara inopimwa muna Kelvin uye inomiririra ruvara rwechiedza chakananga. Nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuBritain William Kelvin akapisa chimedu chemarasha. Yakava tsvuku-kupisa, ichipenya mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana anoenderana nekushisa kwakasiyana. Pakutanga marasha aipenya mutsvuku, asi sezvaipisa ruvara rwakashanduka kuita yero. Pakunyanya tembiricha, chiedza chakabuda chakava bhuruu-chena.
Chiedza Chakasikwa, Maawa makumi maviri nemana, Simon Lakey
II - Lighting Design Techniques
Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa kuti ndeapi mapatani ekuvhenekesa anogona kushandiswa kupesvedzera kuratidzwa kwezviri mukati / zvinoonekwa. Kuti tiite izvi, tichaona kufanana uye kusiyana kwemaitiro ekuvhenekera anoshandiswa nevanyori nevagadziri vemwenje.
1 - Chiaroscuro uye tenebrism
Chiaroscuro ndeimwe yemafungiro edzidziso yeunyanzvi inoreva kugoverwa kwekuvhenekera. Inoshandiswa kuratidza shanduko yetoni kuratidza vhoriyamu uye manzwiro. Georges de La Tour ane mukurumbira wemabasa ake nehusiku chiaroscuro uye zviratidziro zvinovhenekerwa nemurazvo wekenduru. Hapana kana mumwe wevakamutangira vanyori vakagadzira shanduko dzakadaro nehungwaru. Chiedza nemumvuri zvinoita basa rakakosha mubasa rake uye chikamu chekuumbwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana uye kazhinji dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana. Kudzidza pendi ye de La Tour kunobatsira kunzwisisa kushandiswa kwechiedza uye zvimiro zvayo.
Georges de La Tour "Penitent Mary Magdalene", 1638-1643.
a - Musiyano wepamusoro
Mumufananidzo uyu, chiso chine ruvara-ruvara uye zvipfeko zvinomira zvakatarisana nerima kumashure. Kuvonga kusiyanisa kwepamusoro kwematoni, kutarisa kwemuoni kunotarisa pane chikamu ichi chemufananidzo. Muchokwadi pangadai pasina kusiyana kwakadaro. Nharaunda pakati pechiso nekenduru yakakura kudarika pakati pekenduru nemaoko. Zvisinei, kana tichienzanisa nechiso, tinoona kuti toni uye musiyano pamaoko zvakanyarara. Georges de La Tour inoshandisa misiyano yakasiyana kukwezva kutarisa kwemucherechedzi.
b - Contour uye rhythm yechiedza
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwakanyanya kwematoni, contours inoonekwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo pamipendero yemufananidzo. Kunyange munzvimbo dzakasvibirira dzemufananidzo, nyanzvi yaifarira kushandisa toni dzakasiyana kusimbisa miganhu yenyaya. Chiedza hachina kunyanya kune imwe nzvimbo, inotsvedza pasi: kubva kumeso kusvika kutsoka.
c - Chitubu chechiedza
Muzvizhinji zvemabasa eGeorges de La Tour, anoshandisa makenduru kana marambi sechiedza. Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza kenduru inopfuta, asi isu tatoziva kuti chiaroscuro pano haibvi pairi. Georges de La Tour akaisa chiso chakatarisana nerima kumashure uye akaisa kenduru kuti agadzire shanduko yakapinza pakati pematoni. Pakusiyanisa kwepamusoro, toni dzemwenje dzakasanganiswa nematoni akasviba kuti awane mhedzisiro yakakwana.
d - Chiaroscuro semusanganiswa wemaumbirwo ejometri
Kana tikarerutsa chiedza nemumvuri mubasa iri, tinoona maumbirwo ejometri. Kubatana kwechiedza uye rima toni zvinoumba chimiro chakareruka. Izvo zvisina kunanga zvinogadzira pfungwa yenzvimbo umo chinzvimbo chezvinhu uye manhamba chinoratidza kumberi uye kumashure, zvichigadzira makakatanwa uye simba.
2 β Basic Cinematic Lighting Techniques
2.1 - Mwenje kubva pamapoinzi matatu
Imwe yenzira dzakakurumbira uye dzakabudirira dzekuvhenekera chero chinhu ndeye matatu-point mwenje, yekare Hollywood scheme. Iyi nzira inokubvumira kuti utaure huwandu hwechinhu.
Chiedza kiyi (Kiyi Mwenje, ndiko kuti, iyo huru mwenje sosi)
Ichi ndicho chinowanzo mwenje chine simba pane yega yega chiitiko. Inogona kubva chero kupi, kwainotangira inogona kudivi kana kuseri kwechinyorwa (Jeremy Byrne "Digital Lighting uye Rendering").
Zadza Mwenje (kureva kuti, mwenje wekudzora mutsauko)
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, rinoshandiswa "kuzadza" uye kubvisa nzvimbo dzakasviba dzakagadzirwa nechiedza chikuru. Chiedza chekuzadza chinoratidzika sechisina kusimba uye chakamisikidzwa pakona kune main light source.
Chiedza chekumashure (Backlighting, kureva kuti, chekuparadzanisa chekumashure)
Inoshandiswa kuratidza huwandu hwechiitiko. Inoparadzanisa nyaya kubva kumashure. Senge mwenje wekuzadza, mwenje wekumashure hauna kusimba uye unovhara nzvimbo yakakura yenyaya.
2.2 - Pazasi
Nekuda kwekufamba kweZuva, tajaira kuona vanhu vachivhenekerwa kubva kune chero kona, asi kwete kubva pasi. Iyi nzira inotaridzika chaizvo.
Frankenstein, James Whale, 1931
2.3 - Kumashure
Chinhu chacho chakaiswa pakati pechiedza chechiedza nemuoni. Nekuda kweizvi, kupenya kunoonekwa kwakatenderedza chinhu, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvacho zvinoramba zviri mumumvuri.
"ET the Extra-Terrestrial", Steven Spielberg, 1982
2.4 - Kurutivi
Rudzi urwu rwemwenje runoshandiswa kuvhenekera chiitiko kubva parutivi. Inogadzira musiyano wakajeka unoburitsa maumbirwo uye unoburitsa makonari echinyorwa. Iyi nzira iri padyo nehunyanzvi hwechiaroscuro.
Blade Runner, Ridley Scott, 1982
2.5 - Kuvhenekera kunoshanda
Uku ndiko kuvhenekera chaiko muchiitiko, ndiko kuti, marambi, makenduru, skrini yeTV nezvimwe. Ichi chekuwedzera chiedza chinogona kushandiswa kuwedzera kusimba kwemwenje.
"Barry Lyndon", Stanley Kubrick, 1975
2.6 - Chiedza chakaratidza
Chiedza chinobva kunzvimbo ine simba chinoparadzirwa nechiratidziri kana kuti imwe nzvimbo, semadziro kana sirin'i. Nenzira iyi, chiedza chinovhara nzvimbo yakakura uye inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya.
The Dark Knight Rises, Christopher Nolan, 2012
2.7 - Chiedza chakaoma uye chakapfava
Musiyano mukuru pakati pechiedza chakaoma uye chakapfava hukuru hwechiedza chechiedza maererano nechinyorwa. Zuva ndiro tsime guru rechiedza muSolar System. Zvisinei, iri makiromita mamiriyoni makumi mapfumbamwe kubva kwatiri, zvinoreva kuti itsime duku rechiedza. Inogadzira mimvuri yakaoma uye, maererano naizvozvo, chiedza chakaoma. Kana makore akaonekwa, denga rose rinova manyuko makuru echiedza uye mimvuri inonetsa kuona. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiedza chinyoro chinooneka.
Mienzaniso ye3D ine LEGO, JoΓ£o Prada, 2017
2.8 - Yakakwirira uye yakaderera kiyi
High key lighting inoshandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo yakajeka. Inowanzova pedyo nekunyanya kuratidzwa. Zvose zvivheneko zvinenge zvakaenzana musimba.
Kusiyana nekuvhenekera kwekiyi yepamusoro, nekiyi yakaderera nzvimbo yacho yakasviba zvakanyanya uye panogona kunge paine simba rechiedza mairi. Basa guru rinopiwa kune mimvuri, kwete chiedza, kuratidza pfungwa yekufungira kana mutambo.
"THX 1138", George Lucas, 1971
2.9 - Motivated Lighting
Iyi mwenje inotevedzera mwenje wechisikigo - solar, mwedzi, magetsi emumugwagwa, zvichingodaro. Inoshandiswa kuwedzera chiedza chinoshanda. Unyanzvi hunokosha hunobatsira kuita kuti chiedza chinokurudzirwa chive chisikigo, semuenzaniso, mafirita (gobos) kugadzira mhedzisiro yemahwindo akavharwa.
Dhiraivha, Nicolas Winding Refn, 2011
2.10 - Chiedza chekunze
Izvi zvinogona kuva chiedza chezuva, mwedzi, kana marambi emumugwagwa anoonekwa panzvimbo.
βZvinhu zvinoshamisa. Mwaka 3", Duffer Brothers, 2019
III - Kupa Basics
Vagadziri vemazinga vanonzwisisa kukosha kwekuvhenekera uye kuishandisa kuti uwane imwe maonero echiitiko. Kuvhenekera nhanho uye kuzadzisa vavariro yavo yekuona yavanoda, ivo vanofanirwa kuona masosi emwenje masosi, avo ekuparadzira angles, uye mavara. Vanoisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye maonero anodiwa. Asi zvinhu zvose hazvisi nyore, nokuti kuvhenekera kunoenderana neunyanzvi hunhu - semuenzaniso, pane processor simba. Naizvozvo, kune marudzi maviri ekuvhenekesa: pre-calculated lighting uye real-time rendering.
1 - Precomputed lighting
Vagadziri vanoshandisa mwenje we static kutsanangura maitiro ekuvhenekesa kwega rega-kusanganisira nzvimbo yaro, kona, uye ruvara. Kazhinji, kuita kuvhenekera kwepasirese munguva chaiyo hazvigoneke nekuda kwenyaya dzekuita.
Pre-rendered static global mwenje inogona kushandiswa mumainjini mazhinji, kusanganisira Unreal Injini uye Kubatana. Injini "inobika" kuvhenekera kwakadaro mukugadzirwa kwakakosha, iyo inonzi "light mepu" (lightmap). Aya malightmaps anochengetwa pamwe nemamwe mafaera emepu, uye injini inoawana paanenge achipa chiitiko.
Chiitiko chimwe chetecho: pasina kuvheneka (kuruboshwe), nekuvheneka kwakananga chete (pakati), uye nekupenya kwepasirese kusinganangi (kurudyi). Artwork kubva Kubatana Dzidza
Kuwedzera kune lightmaps, kune mumvuri mepu, iyo, maererano, inoshandiswa kugadzira mimvuri. Chekutanga, zvese zvinopihwa uchifunga nezvemwenje sosi - inogadzira mumvuri unoratidza kudzika kwepixel yechiitiko. Mepu yepixel yakadzika mepu inonzi mepu yemumvuri. Iyo ine ruzivo nezve chinhambwe pakati pechiedza sosi uye zvinhu zviri pedyo zvepixel yega yega. Kupa kunobva kwaitwa, uko pixel yega yega pamusoro inotariswa ichipesana nemepu yemumvuri. Kana chinhambwe chiri pakati pepixel nemwenje sosi yakakura kupfuura yakanyorwa mumumvuri mepu, saka pixel iri mumumvuri.
Algorithm yekushandisa mumvuri mepu. Mufananidzo kubva kuOpenGl-tutorial
2 - Real-time rendering
Imwe yemhando dzemhando dzemwenje dzenguva chaiyo inonzi Lambert modhi (mushure meSwiss mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert). Paunenge uchipa munguva chaiyo, iyo GPU inowanzotumira zvinhu chimwe panguva. Iyi nzira inoshandisa chiratidziro chechinhu (chinzvimbo chayo, kona yekutenderera, uye chikero) kuona kuti ndeipi yenzvimbo yacho inofanira kudhonzwa.
Panyaya yemwenje weLambert, mwenje unobva kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo pamusoro penzvimbo dzese. Izvi hazvitarise zvimwe zvidiki, semuenzaniso, kuratidzira (chinyorwa naChandler Prall). Kuita kuti chiitiko chiite sechakanyanya kuitika, mimwe mhedzisiro inoshandiswa kune yaLambert modhi - glare, semuenzaniso.
Lambert shading uchishandisa sphere semuenzaniso. Mufananidzo kubva kune zvinyorwa naPeter Dyachikhin
Mazhinji enjiniya emazuva ano (Kubatana, Unreal Injini, Frostbite uye vamwe) anoshandisa muviri wakavakirwa kupa (Pysically Based Rendering, PBR) uye shading (chinyorwa naLukas Orsvarn). PBR shading inopa mamwe intuitive uye ari nyore nzira uye ma paramita ekutsanangura pamusoro penzvimbo. MuUnreal Injini, PBR zvinhu zvine zvinotevera paramita:
- Base Color - Mamiriro chaiwo epadenga.
- Hushasha - kusaenzana kwepamusoro kwakadii.
- Metallic-Kunyangwe nzvimbo yacho isimbi.
- Specular (specularity) - kuwanda kwekupenya pamusoro.
Pasina PBR (kuruboshwe), PBR (kurudyi). Mifananidzo kubva kuMeta 3D studio
Nekudaro, pane imwe nzira yekupa: ray tracing. Iyi tekinoroji haina kumbobvira yatariswa nekuda kwekuita uye kugadzirisa nyaya. Yaingoshandiswa muindasitiri yemafirimu neterevhizheni. Asi kuburitswa kwemakadhi evhidhiyo echizvarwa chitsva kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa nzira iyi mumitambo yemavhidhiyo kekutanga.
Ray tracing i tekinoroji yekupa iyo inogadzira mamwe echokwadi ekuvhenekesa mhedzisiro. Inodzokorora nheyo dzekupararira kwechiedza munzvimbo chaiyo. Mwaranzi inoburitswa nemwenje sosi inoita senge mafotoni. Izvo zvinoratidzwa kubva kumusoro kune chero nzira. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana mwaranzi yakaratidzwa kana yakananga inopinda kamera, inotumira ruzivo rwekuona pamusoro penzvimbo iyo yakaratidzwa kubva (semuenzaniso, inoshuma ruvara rwayo). Mapurojekiti mazhinji kubva kuE3 2019 achatsigira tekinoroji iyi.
3 - Mhando dzemwenje masosi
3.1 - Chiedza chechiedza
Inoburitsa mwenje kumativi ese, sezvakangoita girobhu renguva dzose muhupenyu chaihwo.
Unreal Engine Documentation
3.2 - Spot light
Inoburitsa chiedza kubva pane imwe nzvimbo, nechiedza chichipararira sekoni. Muenzaniso wehupenyu hwechokwadi: tochi.
Unreal Engine Documentation
3.3 - Chiedza chine nzvimbo (Chiedza chenzvimbo)
Inoburitsa mwaranzi yemwenje yakananga kubva pane yakatarwa (yakaita serectangle kana denderedzwa). Chiedza chakadaro chinoisa kushushikana kwakanyanya pa processor, nekuti komputa inoverenga mapoinzi ese anoburitsa chiedza.
Unity Documentation
3.4 - Inotungamira mwenje sosi
Inotevedzera Zuva kana kumwe kure kure kwechiedza. Mwaranzi yese inofamba munzira imwechete uye inogona kutorwa seyakafanana.
Unity Documentation
3.5 - Emissive light
Chiedza chinomisikidza kana zvinhu zvinomisikidza (Emissive Materials muUE4) zviri nyore uye nemazvo zvinogadzira fungidziro yekuti chinhu chiri kuburitsa mwenje. Pane blurry mhedzisiro yechiedza - inoonekwa kana iwe ukatarisa chinhu chakajeka kwazvo.
Unreal Engine Documentation
3.6 - Ambient Chiedza
Chiitiko kubva kuDoom 3 chinovhenekerwa nemwenje pamadziro, injini inogadzira mimvuri. Kana nzvimbo yacho iri mumumvuri, inoipenda yakasviba. Muhupenyu chaihwo, zvimedu zvechiedza (mafotoni) zvinogona kuratidzwa kubva kumusoro. Mune mamwe masisitimu epamberi ekupa, mwenje unobikwa mumisikirwo kana kuverengerwa munguva chaiyo (global illumination). Injini dzekare dzemitambo - senge ID Tech 3 (Doom) - yakashandisa zviwanikwa zvakawandisa kuverenga mwenje usina kunanga. Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushaikwa kwemwenje usina kunanga, chiedza chakapararira chakashandiswa. Uye nzvimbo dzese dzaive dzakavhenekerwa zvishoma.
Doom 3 injini (IdTech 4 injini)
3.7 - Kuvhenekera kwepasi rose
Kupenya kwepasi rose kuedza kuverenga kuratidzwa kwechiedza kubva pane chimwe chinhu kuenda pane chimwe. Iyi nzira inoremedza processor zvakanyanya kupfuura ambient light.
Unreal Engine Documentation
IV - Kuvhenekera Dhizaini muVhidhiyo Mitambo
Kuumbwa kwekuona (nzvimbo yakareruka, makona, mavara, ndima yekuona, kufamba) ine simba guru pamabatiro anoita vashandisi nharaunda yemutambo.
Mugadziri Will Wright akataura kuGDC nezve basa rekuona kuumbwa munzvimbo yekutamba. Kunyanya, inotungamira kutarisa kwemutambi kune zvakakosha zvinhu - izvi zvinoitika nekugadzirisa saturation, kupenya uye ruvara rwezvinhu muzinga.
Zvose izvi zvinokanganisa gameplay.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka anobata mutambi mupfungwa. Vagadziri vanofanira kutarisira izvi nekugadzira kuenderera mberi kwekuona.
Maggie Safe El-Nasr akaita zviyedzo zvakati wandei - akakoka vashandisi vaisajairana nevapfuri veFPS kuti vatambe Unreal Mutambo. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwemwenje dhizaini, vatambi vakaona vavengi vanonoka ndokufa nekukurumidza. Takagumbuka uye kazhinji takasiya mutambo.
Chiedza chinogadzira mhedzisiro, asi chinogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana mumitambo yemavhidhiyo pane mutheatre, firimu, uye zvivakwa. Kubva pakuona kwekugadzira, kune zvikamu zvinomwe zvinotsanangura maitiro ekuvhenekera. Uye pano hatifaniri kukanganwa nezvemanzwiro.
Dhizaini zvinhu mune nhanho art, Jeremy Mutengo
1 - Mutungamiri
dzisina 4
Mune 100 Zvinhu Mugadziri Wese Anoda Kuziva Nezve Vanhu, Susan Weinschenk anoongorora kukosha kwepakati nepakati kuona.
Sezvo chiratidzo chepakati chiri chinhu chekutanga chatinoona, chinofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha izvo mutambi anofanira kuona sezvakarongwa nemugadziri. Chiono cheperipheral chinopa mamiriro uye chinosimbisa chiono chepakati.
Mitambo yeUncharted ndiyo muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi - chiedza chinopinda munharaunda yepakati yekuona uye inotungamirira mutambi. Asi kana zvinhu zviri muchiratidzo chemuono zvichipesana nechiono chepakati, hukama pakati pemugadziri nemutambi hunoparara.
Kusvikira Dawn
Inoshandisa mwenje kutungamira mutambi. Studio creative director Will Byles akati: βDambudziko guru kwatiri raive kugadzira mamiriro ekutya pasina kuita kuti zvese zvisvibe. Nehurombo, kana mufananidzo wacho wanyanya kusviba, injini yemutambo inoedza kuita kuti ive yakajeka, uye zvinopesana. Taifanira kugadzira nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri."
Sezvaunogona kuona mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, chiedza chinodziya chinomira kunze kwebhuruu, chichikwevera pfungwa yemutambi.
2 - Kuvheneka / Kugadzira
Kugara Zvakaipa 2 Remake
Kuvhenekera muRE2 Remake kunogona kuchinja furemu. Paunofamba nemumikoto yakasviba yeRaccoon City Police Station, sosi huru yemwenje tochi yemutambi. Rudzi urwu rwemwenje imakanika ane simba. Maonero akachinjwa anokwevera ziso remutambi kunzvimbo yakavhenekerwa uye anocheka zvimwe zvese nekuda kwekusiyana kwakasimba.
Mweya Yakasviba I
The Tomb of the Giants ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakasviba zvakanyanya mumutambo ine mawere akawanda ane ngozi. Inogona kupfuudzwa kana iwe ukachenjerera matombo anopenya uye kufamba zvakanaka kuti urege kudonha. Iwe unofanirwawo kungwarira maziso machena akajeka, nokuti uyu ndiye muvengi.
Iyo radius yekuvhenekera kubva kumutambi yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, kuoneka murima kunogumira. Nekubata tochi muruoko rworuboshwe, mutambi anowedzera zvose kujekesa uye munda wake wekuona. Panguva imwecheteyo, tochi inoderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa kunoitwa, uye iwe unofanirwa kusarudza: kuoneka kana kuchengetedzwa.
3 - Kurondedzera
nezvavakatapa
Sezvo chiteshi chinoitika chiri mu orbit, mutambo une yakakosha kutenderera kwechiedza. Iyo inosarudza kutungamira kwechiedza uye, zvichienderana, inokanganisa zvakanyanya mutambo wemutambo. Mutambo uyu unoita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kuwana zvinhu nenzvimbo kupfuura zvamazuva ose. Muzvikamu zviri kure, mutambi anogona kugadzirisa matambudziko nekuatarisa kubva kune imwe kona kubva mukati mechiteshi uye kubva kune imwe kona kubva kunze.
Alien Isolation
MuAlien, chiedza chinoshandiswa kutungamira mutambi uye kugadzira pfungwa yekutya. Mushandisi ari mukunetsana nguva dzose - kumwe kunze uko murima kune xenomorph yakahwanda.
4 - Camouflage
Splinter Sero: Runyorwa
Chiedza chiri mairi hachingotungamiriri mushandisi chete, asi chinoshandiswawo semutambo mechanic.
Munzvimbo dzakawanda, vatambi vanoshandisa mimvuri kuti varambe vari munzira yakachengeteka uye kudzivirira vavengi. MuSplinter Cell, basa re "mamita ekuonekwa" rinotambidzwa nechiedza pamidziyo yemunhu - iyo inonyanya kuvanzwa mutambi wacho, chiedza chinopenya.
Maka weNinja
MuMako yeNinja, chiedza nerima zvinopikisana zvachose kune mumwe nemumwe. Mugadziri wemutambo uyu Nels Andersen akati: βMatarisiro anoita hunhu anoratidza kuti uri kuoneka here kana kuti kwete. Kana iwe wakavanzwa, wakapfeka zvitema, zvimwe chete zvinoratidzwa mutsvuku, muchiedza - iwe une mavara akazara" (chinyorwa Mako cheiyo Ninja's stealth design mitemo).
5 - Kurwa / Kudzivirira
Alan Wake
Tochi muAlan Wake chombo. Pasina iyo, hazvibviri kubvisa vavengi. Iwe unofanirwa kuvhenekera mwenje pavari uye kuibata kweimwe nguva - nenzira iyi vanova panjodzi uye vanogona kuurayiwa. Kana chiedza chichirova muvengi, halo inooneka, inobva yaderera uye chinhu chinotanga kupenya. Panguva ino mutambi anogona kupfura muvengi.
Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa flares uye stun grenades kubvisa vavengi.
Mune Dambudziko Tale: Kusachena
Muchirongwa kubva kuAsobo Studio unogona kushandisa makonzo kurwisa vanhu. Semuenzaniso, kana ukatyora mwenje wemuvengi, iye achangopinzwa murima, risingadzore mhomho yemakonzo.
6 - Yambiro / Mhinduro
Deus Ex: Vanhu Hunokamukana
MuDeus Ex, makamera ekuchengetedza anotarisisa zviri kuitika mundima yavo yekuona, iyo inoganhurwa nekoni yechiedza. Chiedza chakasvibira kana vasina kwavakarerekera. Kana yaona muvengi, kamera inoshandura mwenje kuita yero, beep uye inoteedzera chinangwa kungave kwemasekonzi mashoma kana kusvika muvengi abuda mumunda wake wekuona. Mushure memasekondi mashomanana, chiedza chinoshanduka chitsvuku uye kamera inorira alarm. Nokudaro, kushamwaridzana nemutambi kunowanikwa nerubatsiro rwechiedza.
mhango Knight
Team Cherry's Metroidvania inoshandura mwenje kakawanda kupfuura zvinoonekwa nemutambi.
Semuenzaniso, pese paunokanganisa, mufananidzo unomira kwekanguva, uye mhedzisiro yegirazi yakaputsika inoonekwa padivi pegamba. Kuvhenekera kwakawanda kwakadzikira, asi zvivheneko zviri padyo negamba (marambi nemheni) hazvidzimi. Izvi zvinobatsira kusimbisa kukosha uye simba rekurova kwega kwega kwakagamuchirwa.
7 - Kuparadzana
Assassin's Creed Odyssey
Kutenderera kwemasikati neusiku kuri pakati peOdyssey. Husiku, kune vashoma vanofamba-famba uye mutambi wacho anowanzogara asina kuonekwa.
Nguva yezuva inogona kuchinjwa chero nguva - izvi zvinopihwa mumutambo. Usiku, chiono chavavengi chinoneteswa, uye vazhinji vavo vanovata. Zvinova nyore kudzivirira uye kurwisa vanopikisa.
Shanduko yemasikati neusiku pano ndiyo yakakosha hurongwa, uye mitemo yemutambo inoshanduka zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenguva yezuva.
Usanetseka
Iyo yekupona simulator Usave nenzara hairegi vatsva usiku - pano kufamba murima kunouraya. Mushure memasekondi mashanu, mutambi anorwiswa uye anotora kukuvara. Chiedza chechiedza chinodiwa kuti urarame.
Mhomho dzinongobatwa nehope panongodoka dzozomuka nekubuda kwezuva. Zvimwe zvisikwa zvinorara masikati zvinogona kumuka. Zvirimwa hazvikure. Nyama haina kuoma. Kutenderera kwemasikati nehusiku kunogadza sisitimu, kupatsanura mitemo yemutambo muzvikamu zviviri.
V - Mhedziso
Mazhinji emaitiro ekuvhenekesa atinoona muunyanzvi, firimu, uye zvivakwa anoshandiswa mukuvandudza kwemitambo kutsigira aesthetics yenzvimbo chaiyo uye kuwedzera ruzivo rwemutambi. Zvisinei, mitambo yakasiyana zvikuru nebhaisikopo kana theatre - nharaunda mavari ine simba uye isingatarisirwi. Mukuwedzera kune static lighting, magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa. Vanowedzera interactivity uye manzwiro akakodzera.
Chiedza chizere chezvishandiso. Inopa maartist uye vagadziri mikana yakawanda yekuenderera mberi nekuita mutambi.
Kuvandudzwa kwemichina yakakanganisawo izvi. Iye zvino injini dzemitambo dzine mamwe magadzirirwo emwenje - ikozvino haisi kungovhenekera kwenzvimbo, asiwo pesvedzero padhizaini yemutambo.
Mareferensi
- Seif El-Nasr, M., Miron, K. naZupko, J. (2005). Intelligent Lighting yeZviri Nani Zvemitambo. Nyaya dzeComputer-Human Interaction 2005, Portland, Oregon.
- Seif El-Nasr, M. (2005). Intelligent Mwenje yeGame Nzvimbo. Chinyorwa cheKuvandudza Mutambo, 1(2),
- Birn, J. (Mupepeti.) (2000). Digital Lighting & Rendering. Vatasvi Vatsva, Indianapolis.
- Calahan, S. (1996). Kutaura nyaya kuburikidza nemwenje: maonero emifananidzo yekombuta. Siggraph Course Notes.
- Seif El-Nasr, M. naRao, C. (2004). Zvinoona Kutungamira Kutariswa Kwemushandisi muInteractive 3D Nzvimbo. Siggraph Poster Session.
- Reid, F. (1992). The Stage Lighting Handbook. A&C Black, London.
- Reid, F. (1995). Kuvhenekera Danho. Focal Press, Boston.
- Petr Dyachikhin (2017), Yemazuvano Videogame Technology: Trends uye Innovations, Bachelor's thesis, Savonia yunivhesiti yeakashandiswa sainzi.
- Nzvimbo yekudzidza yeAdorama (2018), Basic Cinematography Lighting Techniques, kubva (https://www.adorama.com/alc/basic-cinematography-lighting-techniques)
- Seif El-Nasr, M., Niendenthal, S. Knez, I., Almeida, P. naZupko, J. (2007), Dynamic Lighting for Tension in Games, the international journal of computer game research
- Yakup Mohd Rafee, Ph.D. (2015), Kuongorora pendi yaGeorges de la Tour yakavakirwa paChiaroscuro uye tenebrism theory, University Malaysia Sarawak
- Sophie-Louise Millington (2016), Mu-Mutambo Mwenje: Kuvhenekera Kunopesvedzera Mutambi Kudyidzana uye Emotion muNzvimbo?, Yunivhesiti yeDerby
- Prof. Stephen A. Nelson (2014), Properties of Chiedza uye Kuongororwa kweIsotropic Substances, Tulane University
- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (2019), The Dark Mod, kubva (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Mod)
Source: www.habr.com