Imwe nguva yapfuura, "Denderedzwa Rangu" yakatora chikamu muhurukuro yakarongwa neshamwari dzedu kubva kuIndex School uye yakatsaurirwa kumabasa ekutanga nyanzvi. Varongi vakapa dambudziko rinotevera kune vatori vechikamu musangano:

“Indasitiri yeIT yagara iine kushomeka kwenyanzvi, uye izvi hazvisi nhau kune chero munhu. Zvinoita sekuti nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu aya inofanirwa kunge iri nyanzvi dzekutanga dziripo pamusika. Muchokwadi, vashandirwi kazhinji havana kugadzirira kuhaya vechidiki, vachienderera nekutsvaga kusingaperi kune avo "vakasimba pakati". Wedzera kune izvi dambudziko re "kuchembera" vechidiki: mukana wekuwana basa rakanaka kune avo vakapinda muindasitiri mushure memakore makumi matatu nemashanu ndeye zero. Kambani imwe neimwe iri kuyedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri nenzira yayo, asi mamiriro emusika anoratidza kuti matanho ese aya haasati ave nemhedzisiro yakakosha pachiyero chesimba rose. "

Hurukuro yacho yakava ine upenyu uye yakarodza mibvunzo yakamutswa zvakatowanda. Isu takasarudza kudzidza nyaya yevanovice IT nyanzvi zvakanyanya uye takaita ongororo pakati pevashandisi veHabr uye Denderedzwa Rangu. Takaunganidza mhinduro dzinopfuura zviuru zviviri, takadziona tichishandisa madhayagiramu, uye nhasi tinofara kugovera mhinduro.

Kubva mushumo iwe uchadzidza zvishoma zvinotevera:

• Inenge hafu yeavo vanouya kuIT kekutanga vachiri kudzidza kumayunivhesiti.
• Chetatu chenyanzvi dzinouya kuIT kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana zvachose, uye kazhinji havabvi muhupenyu hwakashata, asi maererano nekudanwa kwemweya yavo.
• Inenge hafu yevatsva vanozopedzisira vachinja yavo yekutanga IT nyanzvi.
• Nekufamba kwenguva, maguta makuru anotora dzimwe nyanzvi dzakakura mumatunhu, uye makambani makuru akazvimirira anotora nyanzvi dzakakura mumakambani madiki akazvimirira kana eruzhinji.
• Mumusika weRussia wese wevanoshuvira nyanzvi, maguta makuru anopa mupiro mukuru kune analytics, HR uye kutengesa; redunhu - mukutonga, yakazara stack uye mobile development; Mamirioni anopinda mukushambadzira.
• 50% yenyanzvi dzekutanga vanowana basa ravo rekutanga muIT mukati memwedzi isingasviki, 62% vanopasa mabvunzurudzo mumakambani 1-2 chete.
• Inenge 50% yevashandi vekutanga vanowana basa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzebasa, imwe ingangoita 30% kuburikidza neshamwari uye vanozivana.
• 60% yevatsva vanotanga basa ravo muIT kubva pachinzvimbo cheanotanga nyanzvi (junior), 33% kubva pachinzvimbo cheanodzidzira basa; kune kakapetwa kaviri akabhadharwa internship pane asina kubhadharwa.
• 75% yevanodzidza uye 85% yevadiki vanoshanda mukambani yavo yekutanga kwemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu, ingangoita hafu yevatsva vanozoshandura yavo yekutanga IT nyanzvi kune imwe.
• 60% yemakambani haana nzira dzekugadzirisa nyanzvi itsva, makumi mana muzana havana zvirongwa zvekuvakwezva, uye 40% haishande nevanodzidza uye vechidiki zvachose.
• Mazhinji makambani anoona kuomerwa kwekuongorora kugona kwemushandi wenguva yemberi senjodzi huru yekushanda nevanodzidzira nyanzvi.
• Pavanenge vachitsvaga basa ravo rekutanga, vatsva vanorerutsa kukosha kweunyanzvi hwakapfava, hunoiswa nemushandirwi kunyange pamusoro peruzivo rwehunyanzvi.
• Kunyange hazvo zvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvemakambani zvichiti haatarise makore ekupinda, mamwe makumi maviri kubva muzana anoti haatore vanhu vane makore akati kuti ekupinda muzvinzvimbo.

Ndiani akatora chikamu muongororo

Chekutanga, ngatitarisei kuti ndiani chaizvo akatora chikamu muongororo iyi kuti tinzwisise mamiriro atinozodudzira mhinduro dzacho. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive yakafanana nesample seyese muongororo yedu yapfuura.

Zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevakabvunzwa vagadziri. Musiyano chete ndewekuti panguva ino vamwe vechidiki nevadzidzisi vakatora chikamu muongororo. Kazhinji, vanoita chikamu chimwe muzvina chevose vakapindura, asi iye zvino vapfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu.

Senguva dzose, kumukadzi mumwe nomumwe kune varume vashanu, chetatu chimwe nechimwe chinobva kuguta rine vanhu vasingasviki miriyoni imwe, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinobva kuguta rine vanhu miriyoni, chimwe nechimwe chechina chinobva kuMoscow, chegumi chimwe nechimwe chinobva kuSt. .

Vazhinji vanoshanda mumakambani madiki akazvimirira; chegumi chega chega haashande kwenguva pfupi. Panguva ino, vashoma vashoma vanozvimiririra uye vashoma vashandi vemakambani makuru akazvimirira vakatora chikamu muongororo kupfuura nguva dzese.

Pawakauya kuzoshanda muIT, ndiro raive basa rako rekutanga here?

Zvinoda kuziva kuti vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyanzvi dzinouya kuIT kekutanga kuuya pano kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuita dzisina hukama neIT. Pakati peavo vanouya kuHR, manejimendi, kutengesa uye zvirimo - inopfuura hafu yavo yakafanana. Pakati peavo vari kuuya mumitambo uye budiriro yedesktop, chikamu chimwe chete muzvishanu chazvo ndizvo.

Kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuita, mainjiniya mazhinji, mamaneja, vatengesi, vashandi, matekiniki nevadzidzisi vanouya kuIT.

Zvakazoitika kuti vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo vanoenda kuIT kwete nekuda kwehupenyu hwakashata, asi nekuda kwekudanwa kwemweya. Kune 58%, chikonzero chikuru chekudzidzirazve kufarira mumunda weIT saizvozvo. Chete 30% uye 28%, zvichiteerana, vakaratidza chikonzero chemari kana dambudziko nekukura kwebasa pabasa ravo rekare. Zvisere chete kubva muzana zvakaratidza dambudziko rekuwana basa mumabasa avo ekare.

Vanosvika makumi maviri muzana vakacherekedza mukana wekushanda kure sechikonzero chekusarudza IT.

Ndeipi dzidzo yako uye yakakwana sei pawakatanga kushanda muIT?

Sezvatakadzidza kubva tsvakurudzo yapfuura, 85% yenyanzvi dzinoshanda muIT dzine dzidzo yepamusoro. Pane ivava, 59% vane dzidzo ine chekuita neIT, 19% vane non-core technical education, uye 12% vane non-core humanitarian education.

Chikamu che "vanhu" chakakura muHR, kutengesa, manejimendi uye zvemukati, pamwe nekugadzira uye kushambadzira. Mugove wavo idiki mudesktop, yakazara stack uye backend kusimudzira, pamwe nekufambiswa kwemashoko. Mugove we "techies" neasiri-IT dzidzo yakakura mukushambadzira uye kuyedza.

Panguva yebasa ravo rekutanga muIT, 33% chete yenyanzvi dzakapedza dzidzo yepamusoro, 45% vachiri kudzidza kuyunivhesiti. Kune avo vanouya kuHR, analytics, kuyedzwa uye manejimendi, vanopfuura hafu vakatopedza zvidzidzo zvavo. Kune avo vanouya mukuvandudza kwemitambo uye yakazara-stack kusimudzira, pamwe nekushambadzira, vanopfuura hafu vachiri kudzidza.

Mukutengesa uye kutonga, chikamu chepamusoro chevatsva vasina dzidzo yepamusoro uye vasingadzidze kumayunivhesiti, uye mu analytics uye manejimendi ndiyo idiki. Chikamu chepamusoro chekutengesa chinobva kuvana vechikoro.

Mukutonga, kuvandudzwa kwemutambo uye dhizaini, avhareji yezera rekupinda muIT makore makumi maviri, mukutonga - makumi maviri nematatu, muHR - makore makumi maviri nemashanu. Mune mamwe hunyanzvi - makore 20-23.

Hunyanzvi hwako hwakachinja here kubva pabasa rako rekutanga muIT?

Isu takaenzanisa mhinduro kumibvunzo miviri yakazvimirira - "chii chako chazvino nyanzvi" uye "chii chako chekutanga nyanzvi" muIT - uye wakauya nechati inonakidza. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti nekufamba kwenguva, mugove weavo vanoshanda mubackend uye yakazara-stack budiriro iri kuwedzera zvinooneka, uye mugove weavo vakatanga kushanda mukuvandudza desktop, manejimendi nerutsigiro uri kudzikira.

Izvi zvinoratidza maitiro ekudzidzisazve vatsva mukati meIT field.

Paavhareji, munhu wechipiri wega anoshandura hunyanzvi hwavo hwekutanga muIT.

Kana tikatarisa pahunyanzvi hwega hwega takasiyana, tinozoona kuti kakawanda kupfuura vamwe, vanopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu, vanochinja hunyanzvi hwavo kana vakatanga vauya kubudiriro yedesktop, nharembozha, rutsigiro, kushambadzira, kutengesa kana zvirimo. Kashoma pane vamwe, vasingasviki chetatu, vanoshandura hunyanzvi hwavo kana vakatanga kuuya kuHR kana kusimudzira mbozhanhare, pamwe nemanejimendi kana kumberi-yekupedzisira kusimudzira.

Muguta ripi uye nderipi rakakosha raive basa rako rekutanga muIT?

Sezviri munyaya yekuchinja kwehunyanzvi, tinoonawo shanduko mudunhu kubva panguva yekutanga basa muIT. Nokufamba kwenguva, mugove wevaya vanoshanda muMoscow neSt. Petersburg unowedzera zvinooneka, uye mugove weavo vanoshanda muguta rine vagari vemo vanopfuura mirioni inoderera. Maguta makuru anotora dzimwe nyanzvi dzichangoburwa dzinogadzirwa.

Izvi zvinoratidza kutama kwemukati kwevashandi veIT.

Kune imwe neimwe yakakosha zvakasiyana tinoona mufananidzo unofadza. Moscow neSt. Petersburg inopa migove mikuru pakati pevatsva mu analytics, HR uye kutengesa; uye diki - mukusimudzira kwemutambo, manejimendi, yakazara stack uye mobile development. Mumaguta ane vanhu vasingasviki miriyoni, mufananidzo wacho unopesana zvachose: migove mikuru pakati pevatsva vari muhutungamiri, yakazara stack uye mobile development; uye diki - mune analytics, HR uye kutengesa. Maguta ane huwandu hwevanhu vanodarika miriyoni vatsva vanopa mupiro mukuru mukushambadzira, manejimendi uye kutengesa.

Pane kupatsanurwa kwevashandi pakati pevakuru nematunhu: nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi mumatunhu, mamaneja muguta guru.

Mukambani ipi uye mune chinzvimbo chipi chawakatanga kushanda muIT?

Semamiriro ekuchinja hunyanzvi kana guta kubva panguva yebasa rekutanga, tinoona mufananidzo wakafanana nemakambani anochinja. Nokufamba kwenguva, mugove wevashandi mumakambani makuru akazvimirira unowedzera zvinooneka uye chikamu chevashandi mumakambani madiki akazvimirira uye eruzhinji anoderera. Makambani makuru akazvimirira anotora dzimwe nyanzvi dzakasimudzwa nevekupedzisira.

58% yevatsva vanotanga muIT kubva pachinzvimbo cheanovice nyanzvi (junior), 34% kubva pachinzvimbo chemudzidzi. Kune dzinenge dzakapetwa kaviri dzakabhadharwa internship sedzisina kubhadharwa.

Iyo yakakwirira yekutanga zvikwaniriso zvemutsva, kureba, paavhareji, anoshanda asati atanga kukwidziridzwa. 66% yevasina kubhadharwa interns, 52% yevanobhadharwa interns uye chete 26% yevadiki vanoshanda isingasviki mwedzi mitanhatu vasati vakwidziridzwa kwekutanga.
Inenge hafu yeboka rimwe nerimwe inogara nekambani yavo yekutanga kwemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu.

Inguva yakareba sei uye nenzira dzipi dzawatsvaga basa rako rekutanga muIT?

50% yenyanzvi dzekutanga vanowana basa ravo rekutanga muIT mukati isingasviki mwedzi, imwe 25% inopedza isingapfuure mwedzi mitatu pairi. Vanenge 50% vanowana basa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzebasa, 30% kuburikidza neshamwari uye vanozivana.

62% yevanoshuvira nyanzvi vanopinda mabvunzurudzo mumakambani 1-2 uye vanowana basa ravo rekutanga. Imwe 19% inobvunzurudzwa nemakambani asingasviki mashanu.

Unhu hupi hwawaifunga kuti hwaida kuti uwane basa?

Ruzhinji rwevatsvaki basa vanotsvaka basa nevashandirwi vavo vanofunga nezveruzivo rwekutanga rwehunyanzvi, hunyanzvi hwakapfava uye kugona kupasa basa rebvunzo kuve rakakosha pakunyorera basa.

Nekudaro, vatsva vanorerutsa basa reunyanzvi hwakapfava: kune mushandirwi, kukosha kwavo kwakatokwira zvishoma pane hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Vatsva vanofanirawo kupa ngwariro huru kubudiriro dzavo dzedzidzo nedzemunhu oga: vashandirwi vanokoshesa zvakawanwa zvakadaro zvikuru kupfuura kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvinetso zvine musoro.

Zvinoda kuziva kuti kuve nedzidzo yehunyanzvi hakuna kunyanya kukosha kune ese ari maviri.

Nzira yekugadzirisa yakarongwa sei, ndeapi matambudziko amakasangana nawo?

66% yevatsva vanoratidza kuti havana kuona chero maitiro ekugadzirisa mukambani. 27% chete ndivo vaive neanomuperekedza, uye vamwe 3% vakatora makosi. Saizvozvo, vatsva vanoona dambudziko guru rekugadzirisa sekushaikwa kwetariro yakakodzera kwavari.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe paine kuomerwa kwakataurwa, 61% yenyanzvi dzinoti ruzivo rwavo rwekutanga muIT seyakanaka uye 8% chete seyakashata.

Kana iwe uine nyaya inonakidza nezve yako yekutanga basa muIT?

Iri ndiro raiva basa rokutanga muupenyu hwangu, uye ndaitya zvinhu zvose zvokuti mwedzi wokutanga handina kuenda kuzvokudya zvemasikati pazuva rekushanda (kunyange zvazvo ndaiva nenzara), nokuti ndaifunga kuti ndaifanira kugara ndiri pamusha. kubasa kwangu uye kushanda nesimba :)

- Hongu, mudzidzisi aifunga kuti ndiri kugadzira nharembozha, asi ndanga ndichigadzira desktop, vakandikoka kuti ndidzidzire, vakandipa basa rakaoma, mushure mezvo ndaifanira kunyatso kusimudzira nharembozha.

- Zuva rekutanga rebasa uye purojekiti yekutanga kumberi - mazuva gumi, mapeji makumi maviri emagadzirirwo ezvitoro zvepamhepo - uye handizive kuti div inosiyana sei kubva kunguva. Ndakazviita, zvakanaka, purojekiti ichiri online, uye kodhi yayo iri nani pane mamwe mapurojekiti makuru andakasangana nawo muMoscow.

-Odha yangu yekutanga yaive yemutorwa, uye ndakamunyorera blog yakatsveyama nemadhora mazana maviri 😀

— Ndakarara kubasa, panzvimbo yepillow paive nesystem unit. Iniwo ndakadonhedza sevha, zvaisetsa kufona nekutsanangurira vakuru vangu: sevha yakadonha, asi iri kushanda 😉

- Musvondo rekutanga rekushanda ndakadzima netsaona ~400GB yedata! Ipapo zvinhu zvose zvakadzorerwa.

- Mushure mekusiya bhizinesi hombe (muindasitiri yaro) mudunhu, mutyairi wemakore makumi mana akaiswa munzvimbo yangu (Linux admin, oracle DBA).

- Mutsara wemutungamiriri wekuti "nyora chimwe chinhu chinogona kutengeswa" akanaka!

- Ndakauya kubvunzurudzo, ndisingazivi mutauro unodiwa, ndakapasa bvunzo pane imwe, uye ndakapiwa mavhiki maviri ekudzidza mutauro unodiwa. Pazuva rokutanga randinoenda kubasa, vanondibvunza kuti: “Takakupinza kupi, Backend kana kuti Frontend?” Asi ini handiyeuke uye handinyatso nzwisisa mutsauko, ndakapindura - backend, ndiyo nzira yandinonyora ikozvino.

- Ndakaona Macbook kekutanga kubasa 😀 (iOS developer).

- Pavakangopa bhonasi muchimiro che1GB flash drive yezviitiko zvekunze paZuva reGore Idzva. Eya, ndakawana mudzimai wangu panzvimbo yangu yokutanga yebasa, mudhipatimendi rinotevera.

- Kubvunzurudza kupfupi muhupenyu hwangu: "Wakamboshanda neCOM ports? - Aihwa. - Uchaita here? - Kuda".

- Ini ndakabva pachinzvimbo chemutori wenhau kuenda pachinzvimbo chemaneja wezvemukati muIT. Mwedzi mishoma gare gare vakakumbira kushanda semaneja weprojekiti apo mumwe wangu aive pazororo. Kwapera gore, akakwidziridzwa kuva mukuru wedhipatimendi reIT, uye gore rakatevera kuita director director. Kukura kwebasa nekukurumidza :)

Kana iwe uine imwe nyaya inofadza yakafanana, igovera mumashoko!

Iwe unohaya maintern uye juniors, unoshanda sei navo?

Zvadaro, takabvunza kana mupinduri akabatanidzwa mukusarudzwa kwevashandi, uye mimwe mibvunzo yakataurirwa kune avo vaibatanidzwa chete.

Zvakazoitika kuti 18% yemakambani haashande nevanotanga nyanzvi zvachose. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vechidiki vanogamuchirwa kaviri kakawanda sevadzidzi.

Inenge 40% yemakambani haana chero akakosha mapurogiramu ekukwezva uye kugadzirisa vatsva. Mu38% yezviitiko, varairidzi vanogadzirisa vatsva. Mu31% yezviitiko, makambani anoshanda pamwe nemayunivhesiti kana ane internship system. 15% yemakambani ane yavo yekudzidzira makosi (zvikoro).

Ngozi huru yekushanda neanovice nyanzvi inoonekwa sekuomerwa kwekuongorora kugona kwake; 55% vakacherechedza izvi. Panzvimbo yechipiri pane njodzi dzine chekuita nekupa mabasa kune anotanga uye kuomerwa kwekugadzirisa kwake, 40% uye 39%, zvichiteerana. Panzvimbo yechitatu pane njodzi yekuti nyanzvi ichangobva kuumbwa inoenda kune imwe kambani, 32%.

Nderipi zera remhinganidzo yekuhaya mukwikwidzi semudzidzi kana junior?

60% vanoti havacherechedze zera remutsva. Zvakadaro, zvimwe zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana zvinoti hazvitore vanhu vane makore akati kuti.

Mu40% yezviitiko, vatsva vakwegura vane tarisiro yakafanana nevamwe vanotanga. Asi munenge 35-40% yezviitiko, nyanzvi dzakadaro dzinotarisirwa kuva neunyanzvi hwakanaka, kusununguka uye kukurudzira kukuru.

Muhafu yezviitiko, vatangi vekare vanotarisirwa kutora njodzi dzakafanana sevamwe vanotanga. Asi mu30% yezviitiko vanotenda kuti nyanzvi dzakadaro dzine pfungwa dzisingachinji, mu24% vanoona dambudziko mukuoma kwekuvabata, munenge 15% yezviitiko vanotenda kuti kuchave nematambudziko nekujoinha timu yechidiki uye kumhanya kwese kwese kwebasa rechikwata.

Pasinei neidi rokuti voruzhinji vanodavira kuti zera harisi chipingamupinyi kumunhu achangoberekwa, 52% inobvuma kuti zvakaoma zvikuru kuti munhu akura awane basa somuchangobva kufunda kupfuura akapedza kufunda wapayunivhesiti.

Pakave nechero nyaya dzakabudirira mukuita kwako kwekushandisa mukwikwidzi anopfuura makore makumi matatu neshanu semudzidzi kana junior?

- Mumwe wevagadziri veAroid pabasa rangu rekutanga aingova 35+ junior, kunyange zvazvo zvisati zvaitika akashanda muimba yekudhinda, i.e. munzvimbo iri kure nekuvandudzwa. Iye zvino akatamira kuEurope kuti agare zvachose, akabudirira kugara pasi uye ari mumwe wevanowanzo tora chikamu mumisangano yakasiyana-siyana yekuvandudza Android.

- Murume akadzidza chemistry hupenyu hwake hwose uye akadzidzisa vamwe vadzidzi, pa40 + akatanga kunyora kodhi, paanenge 65 achiri kushanda, mugadziri mukuru.

- Mudhipatimendi rakavakidzana, mumwe purofesa wedhipatimendi remasvomhu akatanga basa rake sejunior 3D game developer pamakore makumi mana+.

- Ikozvino pane mukomana akagara opposite neni, anopfuura 40. Akauya kwatiri seni, kubva kumaadmin. Akatanga ari junior. Akakurumidza kupinda mu general flow. Iye zvino mugadziri wepakati akasimba akadaro.

- Mumwe mukomana akauya, anenge 35-40, uyo akazvimiririra akadzidza Java, Android kumba uye akanyora chirongwa chekudzidzisa. Ini ndakatanga ndanyora pasi pekutungamirwa uyezve ndakazvimiririra application yeCar Sharing service.

- Avhareji yezera redu mukambani makore makumi maviri nemanomwe. Neimwe nzira ndakasangana nebasa rekuyedza (nechimwe chikonzero, kunze kwemutsara wakajairwa, i.e. pasina kutangazve) uye rakazove rakapedzwa chaizvo. Vakandidaidza vasina kutarisa - akamira kunze zvakanyanya kubva kune vamwe vese nekuda kwejunior chinzvimbo. Chakanga chiri chishamiso kusangana uye kubvunzurudza murume ane makore makumi mana echinzvimbo chakadaro, tichifunga nezvekuti aiziva PHP kweanopfuura mwedzi, uye yake yese IT kumashure yaive isingapfuure 27 gore. Ndakajaira.

- Muedzi wedu ane makore makumi mana+, vakamuhaya nekuti munyori wengano dzesainzi uye muoni akanaka, uye pamusoro pezvimwe zvese, ane shungu neIT uye kuyedza, uye kunze kweizvi, ane hunyanzvi hukuru mukuvaka, uye izvi. ndiwo musika wedu.

- Ndakauya semutsva kubva kune imwe kambani, pazera remakore makumi mana, mushure memwedzi mitanhatu ndakakwira kunzvimbo yepakati-yekupedzisira-yekupedzisira developer, uye mushure meimwe hafu yegore ndakasimudzirwa kuva mutungamiri weboka.

- Paaishanda pafekitari yetirakita, mumwe murume akaita mitambo muFlash ndokuitengesa zvinobudirira. Hapana akamudzidzisa, nekuda kwezera rake zvakamunetsa kuti akwane, asi semazvikokota airatidza kuti akakodzera.

Kana iwe uine imwe nyaya inofadza yakafanana, igovera mumashoko!

Source: www.habr.com