Nzira yekuenda nayo kumatenga uye kuva mutyairi wendege

Mhoro! Nhasi ndichataura nezvekuti ungasvika sei kudenga, zvaunofanira kuita izvi, kuti imarii zvese. Ini ndichagoverawo ruzivo rwangu rwekudzidzira kuve mutyairi wendege muUK uye kubvisa dzimwe ngano dzine chekuita nekubhururuka. Kune akawanda mameseji uye mafoto pasi pekuchekwa :)

Ndege yekutanga

Kutanga, ngationei nzira yekuenda kuseri kwehelm. Kunyangwe ndichidzidza muLondon, ndinoedza kubhururuka munyika dzese dzandinoshanyira. Munyika dzose izvi zvinoitwa nenzira inenge yakafanana.

San Francisco kubva 3000 tsoka, kunyura kwezuva

Chokutanga pane zvose, tinofanira kuwana nhandare yendege iri pedyo nesu. KuRussia, Ukraine, Belarus neKazakhstan zvine musoro kuvhura maps.aopa.ru uye tarisa kunhandare dzendege uko. MuEurope/USA unogona kungo google airports. Tinoda diki (Heathrow haizoiti!) Ndege dzendege dziri padyo neguta sezvinobvira. Kana iyo yekutsvaga ikasawana chinhu, unogona kuisa vhezheni yeForeFlight / Garmin Pilot / SkyDemon uye tarisa nhandare dzendege pamepu. Mukupedzisira, unogona kubvunza vatyairi vendege vaunoziva (kana iwe uine chero) kuti uwane maonero kana kutsvaga chats dzendege paTeregiramu.

Heino runyorwa rwenhandare dzendege dzinozivikanwa kwandiri kune mamwe maguta:

• Moscow
  • Aerograd Mozhaisky
  • Vatulino airfield
• Saint Petersburg
  • Gostilitsy airfield
• Kyiv
  • Chaika airfield
  • Borodyanka airfield
  • Gogolev Aerodrome
• London
  • Elstree Aerodrome
  • Biggin Hill Airport
  • Stapleford Aerodrome
  • Rochester Airport
• Paris
  • Saint-Cyr Aerodrome
• Cannes, Zvakanaka
  • Airport Cannes Mandelieu
• Roma
  • Rome Urban Airport
• New York
  • Republic Airport
• San Francisco, Oakland, Valley
  • Hayward Executive Airport

Kana tangowana nhandare yendege, tinoda kutsvaga webhusaiti yayo kuti tiwane ruzivo nezvezvikoro zvekubhururuka. In musimboti, unogona pakarepo kutanga Googling ndege chikoro. Kana usina kuwana chikoro chekufamba nendege, tsvaga “ndege dzendege muSt. Basa redu ikozvino ndere kutsvaga munhu anoda kutiratidza nyika yendege.

Iye zvino chasara kubata uyo watakawana. Tinofona tichikumbira mukana wekukwira ndege pazvinodzora (muChirungu izvi kutongwa kana chipo ndege), tinobhuya zuva rakatinakira uye ndizvozvo. Iwe haufanirwe kuita chero chimwe chinhu.

Iwe ungori kufona kumwe chete kubva kundege chaiyo mundege chaiyo. Kusiyana nengano dzakajairwa uye stereotypes, haufanirwe kuongororwa VLEK (ndege kuongororwa kwechiremba) kana kupasa bvunzo dzedzidziso kuti uite izvi. Inoshanda kunyangwe iwe uchingoshanya. Kunyangwe iwe usingazive nzira yekubhururuka nayo ndege.

Kunakidzwa uku kuchadhura mari inosvika $220 paawa. Huwandu uhu hunosanganisira: mutengo wemafuta edzimotokari, muripo wakarongwa wokugadzirisa ndege, muhoro womudzidzisi wako, uye kusimuka kwenhandare yendege nemari yekumhara. Mutengo unogona kusiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nenyika (muEngland inodhura zvishoma, muRussia inodhura zvishoma). Hongu, iyi haisi iyo yakachipa mafaro, asi panguva imwechete haina kudhura nyeredzi. Iwe haufanirwe kunge uri miriyoni kuhaya yakavanzika jet. Vanowanzokubvumidza kuti uuye nevafambi newe, uye vanogonawo kugovera mutengo wendege newe.

Ndichasimbisa zvakasiyana: Zviri nyore kwazvo kuuya kudenga, chaunoda kufona kamwe chete. Uye zvakakodzera. Hapana mazwi, mapikicha kana mavhidhiyo achaburitsa manzwiro anovhurwa panguva yekubhururuka.. Mumwe nemumwe ane zvake. Uku kunzwa kwerusununguko, kurudziro uye mahorizoni matsva. Kubata hupenyu hwako mumaoko ako kunotyisa zvishoma pakutanga, kunyange nemudzidzisi ari pedyo. Nekudaro, mushure mekubhururuka kwekutanga, kuziva kunouya kuti iwe unofanirwa kuedza zvakanyanya kuti utange kutora njodzi. Kubhururuka hakuna kuoma sekutyaira mota, zvinongoda ruzivo rwakakwana kuti ubhururuke zvakachengeteka. Mudzidzisi anotarisa kuchengeteka.

Gadzirira kudzivirirwa kubva pakusimuka uye kumhara pandege yako yekutanga. Kazhinji, nhandare dzendege dzendege dzepachivande hadzina kukura zvakanyanya uye dzine huwandu hwenzvimbo dzenzvimbo (miti iri pamagumo enzira, nzira pfupi, nzira yetsvina, "humpbacked" runway). Kune anenge asina kumbobvira asiya kunze kune avo vanofarira kubhururuka mune simulator uye nevatyairi. Nekudaro, huwandu hweruzivo rutsva hunenge hwatove hwakaremedza, saka hauzofinhwa :)

Mvura inonakidza pedyo neRoma

Marezinesi ekutyaira

Zvakanaka, ngatiti ndege yakabudirira kwauri uye wave kuda kuve nerezinesi rako. Zvakaoma here kubvisa izvi? Mhinduro inobva pakuti ndeipi rezinesi yaunoda. Kune marudzi matatu makuru emarezinesi.

PPL (Private Pilot Rezinesi, rezenisi rekutyaira rakazvimiririra)

Zviratidzo:

• Ndege dzisiri dzekutengesa mundege. Mune mamwe mazwi, iwe hauna kodzero yekuita mari kubva pane izvi
• Nekudaro, mune dzimwe nyika unogona kugovera mutengo wemafuta nevafambi (hongu, unogona kuunza vafambi muchikepe)
• Iwe unogona kubhururuka pane yakakura siyana ndege, kubva piston ndege kune mamwe jets.
• Iwe haugone kubhururuka ndege dzakasimbiswa pasi perezinesi rekutengesa (seBoeing kana Airbus)
• Unogona kuhaya ndege kubva kuboka remakirabhu ekubhururuka kana kutenga yako (uye yakachipa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinoita)
• Rezinesi rinoshanda pasi rese, chinongorambidzwa ndechekuti unogona kungobhururuka nendege dzakanyoreswa munyika yakapa rezinesi rako (muAmerica unogona kubhururuka nerezinesi reRussia pandege yeRussia)
• Iwe unogona kuuya kuRussia nerezinesi rekunze uye utore rezinesi reRussia pasina kudzidziswa (nekudaro uchisunungura ndege dzese dzeRussia). Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kuti kusimbiswa.
• Inogona kuyambuka miganhu yenyika

zvinodiwa:

• Chitupa chekurapa chekukodzera kubhururuka. Zvinonyatso shanduka zvinodiwa, kusanganisira zvekuona
• Kosi yedzidziso yakapedzwa, iyo yakapfava. Mamwe mashoko pazasi
• Kuve nenguva diki yekubhururuka (maawa makumi mana nemaviri muRussia / 42 muEurope / 45 muAmerica)
• Apasa bvunzo dzekudzidzira

Lakhta Center, St

Marezinesi ekutengesa akavigwa pasi pemuparadzi

CPL (Commercial Pilot License, commercial pilot rezinesi)

Zviratidzo:

• Zvese zvakafanana nezve PPL
• Kushandira ndege kana bhizinesi ndege
• Ndege dzinokwira ndege dzinotakura vanhu

zvinodiwa:

• Kuwanikwa kwePPL
• Anenge maawa 200 ePPL nguva yekubhururuka
• More stringent medical screening
• Dzimwe bvunzo dzakaomarara

ATPL (Airline Transport Pilot License)

Zviratidzo:

• Zvese zvakafanana nezviri muCPL
• Mukana wekushanda semutyairi-mu-kuraira kune vanofambisa ndege

zvinodiwa:

• Kuvepo kweCPL
• Kuvepo kwemaawa angangoita 1500 enguva yekubhururuka pasi peCPL
• Kazhinji anodomwa rezinesi iri nendege

Sezvauri kuona, yega yega inotevera rezinesi nhanho inoda iyo yapfuura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekuwana rezinesi rako remutyairi wega wega, unovhura mukana wekutora rezinesi rekutyaira uye uchikwanisa kujoina ndege (haishande muRussia, vachiri kuda diploma yekoreji).

Pamusoro pemarezinesi, zvakakodzera kutaura izvo zvinonzi ratings, iyo inovhura mimwe mikana yemhando yega yega rezinesi:

• Night Rating - ndege usiku
• Chiyero Chekushandisa - ndege mumamiriro ekushandisa (semuenzaniso, mumhute). Uyewo inokubvumira kubhururuka pamhepo
• Multi-Injini Rating - ndege nendege dzine injini mbiri kana kupfuura
• Type Rating - ndege pane imwe ndege modhi. Kazhinji idzi indege dzakaoma, seAirbus kana Boeing
• Uye boka revamwe, kune kuravira kwako uye fungidziro

Pano nekuwedzera isu tichafunga nezve maficha ekudzidziswa paPPL - pasina zvimwe zvese kubva kumunyori :)

Nzira yekuenda kuLondon

Usati wadzidziswa

Kune masangano mazhinji kunze kwenyika anomisikidza marezinesi, asi maviri akakodzera kujekeswa:

• Faa (Federal Aviation Administration) - marezinesi eUSA
• EASA (European Union Aviation Safety Agency) - marezinesi eEurope yese (kureva kuti, unogona kubhururuka nendege yeFrance ine rezinesi rekutyaira reItaly)

Kuti uwane marezinesi eFAA, munhu anowanzo kubhururuka achienda kuFlorida. Kune mamiriro ekunze akanaka uye sarudzo huru yezvikoro, asi mitengo haisi iyo yakachipa. Neimwe nzira, iwe unogona kudzidza nechepakati chikamu cheNyika (semuenzaniso, muTexas), uko mitengo ichave yakaderera zvishoma.

EASA inowanikwa muSpain, Czech Republic kana nyika dzeBaltic. Vane chiyero chakanaka pakati pemamiriro ekunze uye mari yechikoro. Mushure mekupedza kudzidziswa, ese marezinesi anogona kusimbiswa zviri nyore muRussia.

Zvechokwadi, hapana munhu ari kukudzivisa kudzidza kubhururuka muRussia. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti muRussia maiva nemamiriro ezvinhu apo zvikoro zvekubhururuka zvakavharwa uye marezinesi evakapedza kudzidza akabviswa. Chikoro chendege chakanyatsosarudzwa chichaenda kure mukudzivirira kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, asi hapana anogona kupa vimbiso.

Muzvikoro zvakanaka, kutariswa kwakawanda kunobhadharwa kuchengetedzeka kwendege, psychology uye kuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwehutungamiriri hwakakodzera. Iwe unozodzidziswa kunyatsoongorora rondedzero, ongorora mamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya, dzivisa zvachose chero njodzi mumamiriro ese uye kuita sarudzo dzakakodzera. Nhamba dzezviitiko zvinoratidza kuti izvi zvinoshanda chaizvo.

Uyewo teerera kune maitiro ekudzidzira. Zvimwe zvikoro zvendege zvinopa kubhadhara maawa ese anodiwa ekubhururuka kamwechete, zvimwe zvinopa kutenga la carte mapakeji emaawa gumi, vamwe vanongopa kubhadhara zvakasiyana paawa imwe neimwe yekubhururuka. Sarudza fomu yekudzidzira yakakunakira iwe. Kana, semuenzaniso, uchigara zvachose padyo, iyo yakanyanya nyore fomati ingave yekubhadhara kweawa. Ramba uchifunga kuti hapana chinodiwa kuti upedze kudzidziswa mukati menguva yakatarwa - unogona kubhururuka zvishoma seawa pamwedzi kusvika wasvika nhamba inodiwa yemaawa.

Dzidziso dzimwe nguva inodzidziswa panzvimbo, dzimwe nguva inopiwa kuburikidza nekudzidza kure kubva kumabhuku. MuUnited States vanogonawo kupa mavhidhiyo ekudzidzisa.

Nyatsoongorora mamiriro endege, teerera kuti murairidzi "anokudzidzisa" sei pamatanho panguva yechidzidzo chekuyedza. Murayiridzi akanaka anofanira kukudzidzisa kuverenga zvinyorwa zvakanyatsonaka uye kwete kukukumbira kuti uzvinyenyeredze, kunyanya kana pane nguva yakakwana.

Chekupedzisira, zvine musoro kutariswa kurapwa usati watanga kudzidziswa kwako. Chitupa cheEuropean chinopihwa nekuvimbika; hapana chinodiwa kubva kwauri. Iyo yeRussia VLEK, iyo munhu wese anoda kutyisa, zvakare yakarerutswa kune vega vatyairi. Nekudaro, kune njodzi yekusapfuura, uye zviri nani kuti uzive nezve izvi usati watanga kushandisa mari pakudzidziswa. MuRussia, izvi zvinowanzova zvinodiwa nemutemo.

Manhattan, New York

Dzidziso

Kubva pano zvichienda mberi ini ndichataura zvakananga nezve kudzidziswa kweEASA rezinesi. Details ichasiyana mune dzimwe nyika.

Dzidziso yacho haityisi sezvainogadzirwa. Iwe unozofanirwa kuverenga mabhuku akati wandei uye gadzirira 9 dzidziso bvunzo.

• Air Law - mutemo wemhepo. Iwe unozodzidza nezve mhando dzenzvimbo yemhepo, mitemo yendege, kuyambuka muganhu, zvinodiwa zvendege nevatyairi.
• Maitiro Ekushandisa - vanozotaura nezve mamwe maitiro, sekudzima moto pakubhururuka, kumhara panzira dzakanyorova, kushanda nemashears emhepo uye kumuka kwemhepo kubva kune dzimwe ndege.
• Kuita Kwevanhu Nekunogumira. Optical, auditory and spatial illusions, pesvedzero yekurara mundege, aviation psychology, kuita sarudzo, rubatsiro rwekutanga.
• Navigation - kufamba mudenga. Maverengero ekufamba, kuverengera kwemhepo, kucherechedzwa kwakaringana kwenzvimbo, kugadzirisa kukanganisa kwekufamba, kuverenga kwemafuta, nheyo dzeredhiyo navigation.
• kutaurirana. Kukurukurirana nevanodzora kufamba kwemhepo, mafambiro endege munzvimbo dzendege dzemakirasi akasiyana, kuburitsa masaini ekukurumidzira uye kushushikana, kuyambuka nzvimbo dzemhepo uye nzvimbo dzemauto.
• Meteorology. Makore nemhepo zvinoumba sei, makore ausingafaniri kubhururuka mauri, ndedzipi njodzi dzakamirira pamiganhu yemamiriro ekunze, maitiro ekuverenga mishumo yemamiriro ekunze (METAR neTAF).
• Misimboti Yekutiza. Kusimudzwa kunobva kupi, iyo fin uye stabilizer inoshanda sei, ndege inodzorwa sei pamwe nematemo matatu, nei matanda achiitika.
• Ndege General Knowledge. Iyo ndege pachayo inoshanda sei, masisitimu ayo, mashandisiro anoita injini nezviridzwa zvese.
• Kushanda Kwendege uye Kuronga. Kuverengera kuenzana kwendege, kukwira kwayo, uye urefu hunodiwa pakubhururuka

Ehe, rondedzero inotaridzika inonakidza, asi mibvunzo yebvunzo iri nyore. Vamwe vanhu vanongobata nemusoro mhinduro dzacho. Nekudaro, ini handingakurudzire kuita izvi - chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chakakosha uye chinogona kuponesa hupenyu hwako.

Ndege dzinoenda kunharaunda yeMoscow, yakapoteredza Vatulino

Dzidzira

Kudzidzira kazhinji kunotanga mukuenderana nedzidziso, uye dzimwe nguva zvisati zvaitika.
Iwe unozotanga nezvinokosha - pesvedzero yenzvimbo dzekudzora uye injini yekusundidzira pane maitiro endege. Iwe unozodzidziswa nzira yekufambisa tekisi pasi uye kuchengetedza nhanho uye yakatwasuka kubhururuka mumhepo. Mushure meizvozvo, iwe uchafanirwa kudzidza kwakaringana kukwira uye kudzika matekiniki. Muchidzidzo chinotevera iwe ucharatidzwa maitiro ekuita majana nemazvo, kusanganisira kukwira nekudzika.

Ipapo zvinhu zvinobva zvanyanya kunyanyisa. Iwe unozotanga kuita zvishoma nezvishoma ndege, nearamu yekutandarira ichirira, ipapo danga pachayo uye, pamwe, kutenderera (hongu, dzinenge dzese ndege dzekudzidzira dzinogona kuita izvi). Pano iwe unogona kudzidziswa maitiro ekuita majana nebhangi rakakura uye kutora ndege kubva mumhepo - chimwe chinhu chinonyengera. Sezvaunonzwisisa, izvi zvinodikanwa kukudziridza kugona kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, uye mune iyo mamiriro acho pachawo, kubuda mazviri zvakachengeteka.

Zvino, pakupedzisira, izvo zvinonzi maconveyors panhandare yendege zvichatanga. Iwe unobhururuka mune rectangular pateni kutenderedza nhandare yendege, panguva imwe chete uchidzidza kusimuka uye, hongu, kumhara. Mushure mekudzidza nzira yekudzika ndege nechivimbo, kusanganisira mukuyambuka mhepo, pasina injini kana zviputi, iwe uchapihwa tsvene yezvitsvene zvechero cadet - yekutanga yakazvimirira ndege. Zvichava zvinotyisa, kunyange iwe uchinzwa seshiri iri mumhepo.

Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi iwe uchapihwa mimwe mikana yekubhururuka wega. Denga hariregereri zvikanganiso zvisina kugadziriswa, uye unofanirwa kuzviona wega, pasina murairidzi anokutungamirira. Iwe uchadzidza hunyanzvi hwakakosha hwemutungamiriri - kuita sarudzo. Ehe, iwe unozotariswa zvakanyanya kubva pasi (uye kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika, ivo vanonyatso kukubatsira).

Ipapo ndege dziri munzira dzinotanga. Iwe unozotanga kubhururuka uchienda kune dzimwe nhandare dzendege, buda mumamiriro ezvinhu kana warasika, ronga kuchinja kwenzira paunenge uri mumhepo, uye edza kubata ma radials kubva kumabhekoni eredhiyo. Iwe unofanirwa kubhururuka kune imwe nzvimbo uye wodzokera shure, wozobhururuka uchienda kune imwe nhandare yendege uye pakupedzisira, pamwe, kubhururuka kuenda kune yakakura inodzorwa airport airport. Uye izvi zvose, kutanga nemudzidzisi, ipapo iwe pachako.

Vanobva vatanga kukugadzirira bvunzo. Kutanga, iwe uchafanirwa kutora rwendo rurefu uye rwakaoma nendege munzira, nekumira kwakati wandei panhandare dzendege. Pauri wega. Izvi zvinonzi cross country solo. Iwe unozodzokorora mamwe maekisesaizi kubva pakutanga kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unogona kupasa bvunzo.

Zvakanaka, bvunzo pachayo. Inosanganisira zvikamu zvakawanda uye inotora maawa akawanda. Basa rake nderekuva nechokwadi chokuti unogona kubhururuka, kwete zvakakwana, asi zvakachengeteka.

MuEurope, iwe uchazoda kutora redhiyo bvunzo uye pamwe yakaparadzana hunyanzvi Chirungu bvunzo. Iyo yekupedzisira haizounze dambudziko rakawanda mushure mekuverenga mabhuku uye inoshanda redhiyo kutaurirana, izvo zvauchadzidza mundege :)

Kubhururuka kwezuva kunoshamisa, asi haugone kuzviita usina magirazi ezuva

Kufuridzirwa

Kubhururuka kwendege hakusi kungobhururuka chete. Uyu mukana wekuona zvakawanda kupfuura zvatiinazvo. Uyu mukana wekudzidza kuve nehanya, kubata zvikanganiso nenzira kwayo, kuteerera kune vamwe vanhu uye kuvakurudzira. Uyu mukana wekudzidza sarudzo dzakanaka, manejimendi akakodzera echikwata, kuongorora kwakaringana zviwanikwa zvako, manejimendi enjodzi uye kuongorora kuchengetedza. Uyu mukana wekuve chero kupi uye kuona maguta atakajaira kubva kumakona akasiyana zvachose.

Uyu mukana wekuzivana neimwe yenharaunda dzinonakidza, uko vakomana vanenge vachiedza kubatsirana. Mukana wekusangana nevanhu vakawanda vanofarira uye kuita shamwari itsva munharaunda yese yepasi.

Ndinodzokorora zvakare kuti hapana chinyorwa chimwe chete, vhidhiyo kana foto inoburitsa manzwiro eminiti yekubhururuka. Unofanira kuuya kuzozviedza zvose. Uye hazvina kuoma zvachose. Huya kudenga, uzviedze mariri! Heano mamwe ekukurudzira iwe:

• Мой chiteshi muTeregiramu, kwandinogara ndichitaura nezvekufamba kwangu nendege
• Nyaya dzemudenga Denis Okan
• Channel Pilot's Notes paYouTube
• Channel kudri.fm paYouTube
• Channel mentor pilot paYouTube (muChirungu)

Ndichishandisa mukana uyu, ndinoda kutaura kuonga kwangu kukuru kuvanhu vose vakahwirudzura chinyorwa chisati chabudiswa.

Sangana newe pakusimuka, uye pamwe tichazonzwa mumwe nemumwe pane frequency!

Source: www.habr.com