Kubudirira kweNetflix kwaifambiswa nehunyanzvi hwepamusoro, asi kumashure kwayo kune huzivi hwese hwakaita kuti hushande. Sisitimu inomanikidza mamirioni avanhu kuti anyanye kudzvanya mabhatani matsvuku uye machena, vachisiya zviri nyore tsika yakagara iripo yekuona mafirimu mumabhaisikopo uye TV yakatevedzana paTV.
Mhoro! Efim Gugnin pano! Nhasi tichaedza kufunga kuti Netflix inoshanda sei. Kuti tiite izvozvo, tichafanirwa kudzosera kumashure zvishoma.
1997. Indaneti iri kuramba ichikurumbira uye parizvino inobatanidza makombiyuta mamiriyoni gumi.
Vanhu vanoona nhepfenyuro dzeTV nemabhaisikopo munzvimbo dzemitambo, patambo kana kutepfenyura TV, kana kuhaya mavhidhiyo. Munguva dzino dzakaoma, Reed Hastings ane makore makumi matatu nemanomwe, aimbove musoja uye mushandi wePeace Corps, ava mainjiniya emakombuta uye muzvinabhizimusi, ari kutora mukana.
Pamwe chete neshamwari yake Mark Randolph, anovhura bhizinesi rekurenda maDVD uye anodana kambani Netflix.
Nei vaibhejera? Chekutanga, musika wekurojesa vhidhiyo ungangove wakatongwa neBlockbuster, zviri pachena kuti haakurumidzi kusiya chinzvimbo chayo chekutungamira. Kechipiri, panguva yekutangwa kweNetflix, iyo DVD fomati yanga yangove nemwedzi mishoma, budiriro yayo yekutengeserana yakanga isina chokwadi, uye dzimba zhinji dzichiri kuvimba neVHS matepi. Chekupedzisira, pachinzvimbo chekurega vatengi vachirenda mafirimu kubva muzvitoro zvevhidhiyo nenzira yechinyakare, Hastings yakafunga kushanda online chete uye kuendesa madhisiki kudzimba dzavo.
Uye kunyangwe izvi zvave kuita senge zvakajairika uye, neakaundi ese, mhinduro iri nyore, vanamuzvinabhizinesi vazhinji muna 1997 havana kuzvinzwisisa: sei mutengi achifanira kusevha kunetiweki uye odha maDVD kumba ivo vachingobva pamubhedha voenda kuchitoro cheBlockbuster chiri pedyo, icho panguva iyoyo chaive kwese kwese.
Asi kusiyana navo, Hastings akanzwisisa chokwadi chakareruka, asi chakakosha chezera rinouya redhijitari: vanhu havafarire kubva pamubhedha.
Iwe unoziva izvo vanhu vanoda kunyange zvishoma pane kubva pamubhedha? Kuzadza mapepa, kusaina zvibvumirano, kuverenga mutakuri nemari yekutumira, uye nekutya kumaka mazuva pakarenda kuti udzivise, Mwari ngaasadaro, kupotsa zuva rerenda uye kuunza faindi yakakura zvisingaenzaniswi pamusoro pemuripo wenguva dzose.
Netflix yaida kudzikisa zvidiki zvese izvi, zvinoita sekunge zvinosungirwa izvo mamwe makambani aingofuratira, achiatora seasingakoshi, kune akareruka seti yezviito: tinya - gamuchira - tarisa - dzosera.
Netflix yakatora mapepa ese, uye muna 1999, yakatotsiva nguva imwe chete yekurenda nekunyoreswa kusingagumi kwemwedzi. Zvino, kunyangwe vakaedza zvakaoma sei, vatengi vaisagona kupotsa rendi. Kunze kwekunge vazviba, izvo, zvisingaite, yaive tsika yakajairika pakati pematsotsi muma1990 nema2000.
Pfungwa yekunyoreswa kusingagumi yakasangana nekukahadzika, kuti uiise zvinyoro. Vaongorori vakafanotaura kuti hurongwa hwaizova husingabatsiri, uye kwete nekuda kwehunyengeri "mbavha dzedhisiki." Mushure mezvose, vatengi vaigona kuhaya mafirimu akawanda zvekuti vanongopfuura mutengo wekunyoresa.
Izvi zvanga zvisiri izvo zvakanyanya kuoma, kunyanya sezvo Netflix yekuendesa sevhisi yaive nekukurumidza. Panzvimbo yekutumira zvinhu zvese kubva kuhofisi yepakati semamwe makambani, Hastings yakaisa zvine hungwaru mahofisi mhiri kweAmerica, uye gare gare muCanada, kuitira kuti vanhu mune chero nyika vagone kugamuchira madhisiki avo nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Uye panguva ino, kutya kwevasina chokwadi kwaiita sekunge kwakarurama: vamwe vatengi vakadarika iyi muganhu usina kunyorwa. Nekudaro, nzira yekudzivirira yakakurumidza kugadzirwa kurwisa vakapererwa vemba "macinephiles," kwete kunyanya kutendeseka asi zviri pamutemo zvachose - inozivikanwa seTrottling.
Pfungwa yaive iyi: kana Netflix yaive nekopi imwe chete, iti, "Varume Vatema" yasara mudura rayo, uye vatengi vaviri vakairaira kamwechete, iyo pasuru yaizotumirwa kune iye airoja zvishoma kazhinji. Wechipiri mutengi aifanira kumirira kuti pasuru isvike kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yeNetflix.
Asi kunyangwe iyi sisitimu haina kukwanisa kuchengetedza kambani kubva mukurasikirwa: pakazosvika 2000, Netflix yakatanga kurasikirwa nepurofiti zvishoma nezvishoma. Pane imwe nguva, varidzi veBlockbuster vakatomboedza kutenga kambani. Chibvumirano hachina kumbosvikwa. Blockbuster yakaramba Hastings's $50 miriyoni mutengo tag uye, hongu, akaita chikanganiso chinouraya.
Nekudaro, kukurumidza kuendesa uye kunyoreswa kusingagumi chete kwaisakwana kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chakasimba mumusika wakazara vanhu vhidhiyo. Zvakare, nekutanga kwe2000s, Netflix yaive nevakwikwidzi vaive vachimbundira internet uye kure kure nevatengi kutaurirana. Kunyangwe iyo inochengetedza Blockbuster yakangoerekana yatanga yayo yekuendesa sevhisi.
Saka chii chakaita kuti Netflix ioneke? Chokutanga uye chikuru, zviri mukati maro. Vakwikwidzi veNetflix havana kuisa kufunga kwakawanda mumaraibhurari avo emufirimu.
PaBlockbuster, yakazara 70% yekatalogi yavo yaive nezvinoburitswa zvitsva.
Netflix ine makumi matatu chete.
Mamwe mabhaisikopo emakore ese nemhando, kubva kune yakanyarara classics kusvika kune isinganzwisisike grindhouse. Iyo kambani yakaedza kubata kune zvese zvinonaka, kusanganisira zvakanyanya, uye yaigara ichiwedzera raibhurari yayo. Payakatangwa, kabhuku kavo kaingova nemafirimu 952 chete—ndiwo chete aiwanika paDVD panguva iyoyo—pakazosvika 2005, nhamba iyoyo yakanga yawedzera kusvika pa35 000.
Asi chakaisa Netflix parutivi yaive algorithms yayo. Iyo yakaoma cheni ye microservices uye zvidiki zvakazvimiririra zvirongwa zvinogadzirisa saiti kune wega wega mushandisi. Ivo vanosarudza mabhaisikopo neTV akateedzana anowanzo kukwezva mushandisi, kuve nechokwadi kuti anodzoka zvakare uye zvakare.
Chaizvoizvo, idhijitari kutsiva kune avo varombo, vakafinhwa vashandi vekurenda vakaedza kutsanangura zvishuwo zvakavhiringika zvevatengi.
Yekutanga algorithm yakadai, Cinematch, yakabudirira pakusarudza bhaisikopo 75% yenguva. Kubudirira mupfungwa yekuti bhaisikopo rakakurudzirwa rakagamuchira ± 0.5 mapoinzi kubva pachiyero chebhaisikopo rakaburitsa kurudziro.
Cinematch yakafunga nezvezvinhu zvakati wandei: kutanga, iwo mafirimu pachawo, akarongwa nemhando, gore rekuburitswa, mutungamiriri, uye mutambi; chechipiri, kuyerwa kwemutengi wega wega, kusanganisira rondedzero yavo yemafirimu akarendwa neavakanga varonga; uye pakupedzisira, chiyero chese chevashandisi vese veNetflix.
Iyi sisitimu yakabatsira Cinematch kudzivirira platitudes senge, "Kana iwe wakatarisa Pulp Fiction uye ukapa chiyero chepamusoro, saka Reservoir Imbwa dzichakurudzirwa." Cinematch yakakwevera kuenzanisa kwakadzama kwakavakirwa pane zviyero zvevamwe vashandisi, kazhinji ichiburitsa mhedzisiro yaive kure nekujeka.
Heano maitiro azvinoita: ngatiti iwe wakaraira uye wakanyanya kukoshesa "Pulp Fiction." Cinematch inowana vamwe vanhu vakanyanya kukoshesa "Pulp Fiction." Cinematch yobva yatarisa mamwe mabhaisikopo akakosheswa nevanhu ava uye, semuenzaniso, anoerekana aona kuti vanhu vakati wandei vakatemerwa zvakanyanya "Babe the Four-Legged Baby."
Inoenzanisa nhamba yevanhu ava uye inoverenga mukana wekuti iwe pachako ungade Babe. Kana yangopedza, inoenderera mberi neketani, ichibatanidza mamwe mafirimu anoita seasina kufanana. Cinematch inogona kunyatso kurudzira classics, blockbusters, uye akazvimirira mafirimu, kwete kudzikamisa kurudziro yayo kumafirimu akakurumbira chete.
Ehe, zvinobva pane yakaoma masvomhu. Asi, kusiyana nemamwe masisitimu akafanana anogadziriswa pamazita akakurumbira nemhando, anonyatso kutevedzera chimwe chinhu chakafanana neshoko remuromo, nhevedzano yekurudziro yechokwadi yevanhu kubva kuvanhu vane zvinonaka zvakafanana.
Uye, maererano nechinyorwa cheNew York Times, sisitimu iyi yatungamira kuti vanhu muAmerica mose vatarise zvakanyanya kuburitswa kwakazvimiririra, kusanganisira izvo zvisina kuita mari hombe mumitambo yemitambo.
Semuenzaniso, zvinotendwa kuti Netflix yakachengetedza firimu raFrancis Ford Coppola "Kukurukurirana" kubva pakukanganwa. Zvakanga zvisingaite kuwana muzvitoro zvekurojesa mavhidhiyo uye hazvina kuratidzwa paTV.
Asi 75% yakanga isina kukwana kuReed Hastings.
Haasi wekuti agadzirise "zvakanaka zvakakwana," uye muna 2006, Netflix yakatanga makwikwi ekugadzira hurongwa hutsva hwekurudziro ine dziva remubairo wemadhora miriyoni.
Muna 2009, mubairo wakahwinwa neBellKor's Pragmatic Chaos timu - algorithm yavo yakaita zvirinani pane Cinematch negumi rizere.
Netflix's algorithm ikozvino inoshanda kwete chete nemashandisirwo emushandisi (vanhu vane zvinonaka zvakafanana), asiwo nedemographic data- gender, dzinza, uye nzvimbo. Uyezve, Netflix inogadzira zvese kumushandisi, kusvika kune zvinyorwa zvemafirimu ayo uye akateedzana.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Skynews yakasimudza kunyomba: vakaona kuti Netflix inoratidza maposta akagadziridzwa kune vashandisi vatema, umo mavara matema anounzwa kumberi, kunyangwe kana mufirimu pachayo vachitamba zvidiki zvidiki.
Saka, kana iwe ukanyanya kushandisa Netflix, iyo yakawanda data iyo saiti inounganidza nezvako, uye iyo yakasarudzika yakasarudzika peji rekutanga rinoonekwa. Zvinotyisa? Zvichida. Asi sezviri pachena, inoshanda.
Muna 2007, Netflix yakazivisa bvunzo yebeta yeThe Watch Now, sevhisi nyowani inopa vatengi sarudzo yekuona mafirimu online kuburikidza nekushambadzira panzvimbo yekurenda maDVD. Uyu aive tateguru weNetflix watinoziva nhasi. Kusiyana nevazhinji vakwikwidzi, avo vakashongedzerwa nemukurumbira weinternet uye vakapinzwa mukubhuroka, sezvakaitika kuBlockbuster, Netflix yakanga yakagadzirira shanduko.
Kubva pakutanga, Netflix yakagamuchira zera redhijitari kurerutsa iyo yekuona uye kugadzira yekurudziro system. Hautombofaniri kubva pasofa kuti ubvume kutumirwa.
Nzvimbo dzekuparadzira muAmerica dzakashanduka kuita network dzemasevha anokurumidza kufambisa mafirimu kubva kukhathalogi yakakura kuenda chero kupi pasirese, zvese mukutsanangurwa kwepamusoro.
Yepamberi algorithms inogadzira mamirioni ekurudziro sekondi yega yega kuchengetedza vatengi vakabatikana uye vachiona, uye kutarisa, uye kuona, uye kuona ...
Kubva 2013, Netflix, iyo yaitove neruzivo rwekugadzira mafirimu ekutanga, yakatanga kugadzira zvekutanga zvebasa rayo. Yekutanga nhevedzano yekudada kutakura iyo Netflix Yekutanga label yaive Imba yeKadhi, kugadziridzwa kweiyo 1999 BBC yakatevedzana yezita rimwe chete.
Sarudzo, sezvineiwo, yaivewo chikamu chakavakirwa pasvomhu dzakaoma: yekutanga maBritish miniseries aitsvakwa zvakanyanya nevashandisi veNetflix. Muna 2015, Netflix yakatanga kudyidzana naMarvel, iyo, zvisinei, yapera. Muna 2016, mushure mekuvandudzwa, kambani yakazowedzera kupfuura kondinendi ndokutanga kushanda munyika zana nemakumi mashanu pasi rese.
Muna 2017, Netflix yakawana Millarworld, imba yekutsikisa yaMark Millar, munyori wemakomiki Kick-Ass uye Kingsman. Muna 2018, akaita chibvumirano neParamount kubatanidza mafirimu, uye gore rimwe chetero, akagamuchira kudomwa kwake kwekutanga Oscar kweMufananidzo Wakanakisisa weAlfonso Cuarón's Roma. Nguva pfupi yadarika, muna 2019, Netflix yakasaina chibvumirano neRima Horse kugadzira komiki-yakavakirwa bhuku.
Iyo kambani inonyatso ratidza kusadzikira: kubva 2013, vakaburitsa mafirimu mazana maviri nemakumi mana nemapfumbamwe uye anopfuura mazana mana eTV akateedzana, tisingaverenge avo vavakawana kodzero mushure mekugadzirwa. Vane zvirongwa zvemamwe akawanda, kusanganisira mafirimu matsva kubva kuMartin Scorsese, Ron Howard, Charlie Kaufman, Zack Snyder, Noah Bomback, uye, zvinoshamisa, Michael Bay.
Zvechokwadi, Netflix ichine nyaya dzakawanda dzisina kugadziriswa: mutemo wedunhu usingazivikanwi, umo vatengi vari munyika dzakaita seRussia vanobhadhara zvakafanana neavo vari kuU. huwandu hukuru hwehuchokwadi hwechipiri-chiyero chemukati, kunyanya pakati pemafirimu emafirimu; uye pakupedzisira, nzira isina kukwana yekuburitswa kwemitambo - zvichiri zvinonyadzisa kuti Scorsese's Roma neThe Irishman havagone kuonekwa pachiratidziro chikuru kunze kweUS.
Asi hapana kuramba kuti Netflix, kufanana nevakwikwidzi vayo vekutepfenyura seAmazon Prime uye Hulu, yakachinja zvachose iyo firimu neTV indasitiri. Zvemukati zvawedzera zvakapetwa kagumi, makwikwi awedzera, uye madiki, akazvimirira mafirimu awana nzira yekunzvenga mabhaisikopo, ayo agara achitongwa nemabhurobhu makuru. Series haichafanirwa kumirira kutepfenyura kwavo uye tambo network kuti dzivape dzakakwana slots mukuburitswa kwemitambo.
Uye kurudziro yavo haina kuganhurirwa kudivi rekugadzira rekuita mafirimu. Netflix, zvakare nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekushambadzira chete, yanga ichisundidzira tekinoroji yeindasitiri yemafirimu kwemakore akati wandei. Semuenzaniso, muna 2018, kambani yakarambidza vagadziri kutora firimu rekutanga rekambani kubva pakushandisa AR-Alexa kamera (inonyanya kufarirwa muHollywood, funga iwe).
Imhaka yekuti tsigiro yayo yepamusoro ndeye 3,2K, nepo Netflix chiyero ichida 4K. Mushure mekupokana kwakanyanya uye kupokana, ARRI yakaburitsa kamera nyowani ine 4,5K sensor.
Netflix inotoda kuti vagadziri vayo vashandise HDR neDolby Atmos matekinoroji, uye nguva pfupi yadarika yakatanga Netflix Post Technology Alliance, chirongwa chekuvandudza matekinoroji ekudhirowa. Ikozvino, ese maturusi, kubva kumakamera kuenda kune software, anoteedzera zviyero zvekambani anogona kushandisa logo yekambani.
Izvo zvinoramba zvichionekwa kuti kufambira mberi kuchatungamira sei art panguva ino. Pamwe ese auteur cinema achakurumidza kusiya mafirita anotonhorera ekutepfenyura masevhisi. Zvichida kutepfenyura kuchaunza kupera kunguva yakarebesa ye blockbusters mucinema.
Kana kuti zvimwe chimwe chinhu chichaitika ... Asi zvichaitika zvechokwadi. Muna 2019, kuona kweNetflix kwakatanga kudzikira kekutanga kubva kuma2000, uye zviri pachena kuti kambani haisi kuzogara pasi ichiona.
Pamusoro pazvo, ibasa redu, vaoni, kugara uye kuona.
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Source: www.habr.com
