Maitiro Ekuita Yakanyanya YeComputer Sayenzi Dzidzo

Vazhinji vemazuva ano vanogadzira mapurogiramu vakawana dzidzo yavo kumayunivhesiti. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvichachinja, asi ikozvino zvinhu zvaita zvekuti vashandi vakanaka mumakambani eIT vachiri kubva kumayunivhesiti. Mune ino post, Stanislav Protasov, Acronis Mutungamiriri weYunivhesiti Relations, anotaura nezvechiono chake chezvimiro zveyunivhesiti kudzidziswa kune ramangwana programmers. Vadzidzisi, vadzidzi uye avo vanovapinza basa vanogona kutowana mamwe matipi anobatsira pasi pekuchekwa.

Kwemakore gumi apfuura ndanga ndichidzidzisa masvomhu, algorithms, mitauro yekuronga uye kudzidza muchina kumayunivhesiti akasiyana. Nhasi, pamusoro pechinzvimbo changu kuAcronis, ndiri zvakare mutevedzeri wemukuru wedhipatimendi re theoretical uye kushandisa computer science kuMIPT. Kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri kushanda mumayunivhesiti akanaka echiRussia (uye kwete chete), ndakacherechedza pamusoro pekugadzirira kwevadzidzi mune zvidzidzo zvekombiyuta.

Mutemo we30 wechipiri hauchashandi

Ndine chokwadi chekuti wakasangana nemutemo wemakumi matatu wechipiri, unotaura kuti mugadziri anofanirwa kunzwisisa chinangwa chebasa mushure mekutarisa nekukurumidza kodhi yayo. Yakagadzirwa kare kare, uye kubvira ipapo akawanda masisitimu anoshanda, mitauro, Hardware uye algorithms akaonekwa. Ndanga ndichinyora kodhi kwemakore gumi nemaviri, asi nguva pfupi yadarika ndakaona kodhi yekodhi yechigadzirwa chimwe, icho pakutanga chaiita senge mashiripiti kwandiri. Nhasi, kana iwe usina kunyudzwa munharaunda yezvidzidzo, ipapo mutemo we30 wechipiri unomira kushanda. Zvikasadaro, kwete chete makumi matatu, asiwo 12 masekondi haazokwane kuti iwe uone kuti chii.

Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kunyora vatyairi, iwe uchafanirwa kunyura munzvimbo ino uye kuverenga zviuru zvemitsara yekodhi chaiyo. Neiyi nzira yekudzidza chidzidzo, nyanzvi inokura "kunzwa kuyerera." Senge murap, kana kunzwa kwerinhi rakanaka uye mutinhimira wakakodzera uchionekwa pasina kurongeka kwakakosha. Saizvozvo, mugadziri akadzidziswa anogona kuona zviri nyore kusashanda kana kungoipa kodhi pasina kupinda muongororo yakadzama yepakaitika kutyorwa kwemaitiro kana nzira yakasarudzika yakashandiswa (asi kunzwa uku kunogona kunetsa kutsanangura).

Kunyanya uye kukura kuoma kunotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti dzidzo yebachelor haichape mukana wekudzidza nzvimbo dzese mukudzika kwakakwana. Asi padanho redzidzo chairo ndipo paunofanira kuwana maonero. Mushure mezvo, mukupedza chikoro kana kubasa, iwe uchafanirwa kupedza imwe nguva uchinyura mumatambudziko uye zvakanangana neiyo nzvimbo yezvidzidzo, kudzidza slang, mitauro yekuronga uye kodhi yevaunoshanda navo, kuverenga zvinyorwa nemabhuku. Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti iyi ndiyo nzira chete, nerubatsiro rweyunivhesiti, "kupomba muchinjiko" mune ramangwana. Nyanzvi dzakaumbwa neT.

Ndeupi mutauro wekuronga wakanakisa kudzidzisa kuyunivhesiti?

Kumufaro wangu, vadzidzisi vepayunivhesiti vakatorega kutsvaka mhinduro yakarurama kumubvunzo wokuti: “Ndoupi mutauro wakanakisisa wokuronga nawo?” Nharo pamusoro pekuti ndezvipi zviri nani - C # kana Java, Delphi kana C ++ - yakanyangarika. Kubuda kwemitauro mitsva mitsva yekuronga uye kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rwekudzidzisa kwakatungamira mukunzwisisa kwakadzikama munzvimbo yezvidzidzo: mutauro wega wega une niche yawo.

Dambudziko rekudzidzisa uchishandisa mumwe kana mumwe mutauro wepurogiramu rakamira kuva chinhu chekutanga. Hazvina mhosva kuti kosi inodzidziswa nemutauro upi. Chinhu chikuru ndechekutaura kwakakwana kwemutauro. Book "Iyo Art yeMultiprocessor Programming” mufananidzo wakanaka wekucherechedza uku. Mune ino yazvino edition, yese mienzaniso inounzwa muJava - mutauro usina anongedza, asi ane Garbage Collector. Kashoma chero munhu angapokana kuti Java iri kure neiyo yakanyanya sarudzo yekunyora yakakwirira-inoshanda parallel kodhi. Asi mutauro wacho wakanga wakakodzera kutsanangura pfungwa dziri mubhuku racho. Mumwe muenzaniso - classic muchina kudzidza kosi Andrew Nna, akadzidzisa muMatlab munzvimbo yeOctave. Nhasi unogona kusarudza mutauro wechirongwa wakasiyana, asi mutsauko wei waunonyatsoita kana mazano uye nzira dzakakosha?

Zvimwe zvinoshanda uye pedyo nechokwadi

Panguva imwe cheteyo, mumakore achangopfuura kwave kune vamwe varapi vakawanda kumayunivhesiti. Kana kare mapurogiramu eyunivhesiti yeRussia ainyatsotsoropodzwa nekuda kwekurambana kubva kune chokwadi, nhasi zvakafanana hazvigoni kutaurwa pamusoro pedzidzo yeIT. Makore gumi apfuura pakanga pasina vadzidzisi kumayunivhesiti vane ruzivo rwemaindasitiri chaiwo. Mazuva ano, kakawanda, makirasi kudhipatimendi rakasarudzika anodzidziswa kwete nevadzidzisi venguva yakazara vesainzi yemakomputa, asi nekudzidzira nyanzvi dzeIT dzinodzidzisa makosi 10-1 chete munguva yavo yemahara kubva kubasa ravo guru. Iyi nzira inozviruramisa kubva pakuona kwepamusoro-soro kudzidziswa kwevashandi, kuvandudza makosi uye, hongu, kutsvaga vangangove vashandi mukambani. Handifungi kuti ndichazarura chakavanzika nekutaura kuti tinotsigira dhipatimendi rekutanga paMIPT uye kuvaka hukama nemamwe mayunivhesiti, kusanganisira kuitira kugadzirira vadzidzi vanogona kutanga basa ravo kuAcronis.

Nyanzvi yemasvomhu kana programmer?

Hondo tsvene, idzo dzaimbotenderera nemitauro yehurongwa, dzakatamira kune gwara rehuzivi. Iye zvino avo vanonzi "programmers" uye "masvomhu" vari kukakavadzana. Zvikurukuru, zvikoro izvi zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvirongwa zviviri zvedzidzo, asi indasitiri ichiri murombo pakuparadzanisa manomano akadai, uye kubva kuyunivhesiti kuenda kuyunivhesiti tine dzidzo yakafanana ine chinangwa chakati siyanei. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mudzidzi nekambani yaacharamba achishanda mairi ichafanira kuwedzera chirahwe chezivo nezvidimbu zvisipo.

Kubuda kwevarapi mumayunivhesiti vanonyora kodhi yemaindasitiri mumitauro yakasiyana kunopa vadzidzi hunyanzvi hwekusimudzira. Kunyatsoziva mashandisirwo emaraibhurari akajairwa, marongero uye maitiro ehurongwa, vanodzidzira mapurogiramu vanodyara muvadzidzi chishuwo chekunyora kodhi yakanaka, kuzviita nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.

Uhu hunyanzvi hunobatsira, zvisinei, dzimwe nguva hunotungamira mukubuda kweavo vanoda kudzoreredza vhiri. Vadzidzi vekuronga vanofunga seizvi: "Ndinofanira kunyora mamwe mitsara ye200 yekodhi yakanaka inogadzirisa dambudziko racho-mberi?"

Vadzidzisi vakagamuchira classical dzidzo yemasvomhu (semuenzaniso, kubva kuFaculty of Mathematics kana Applied Mathematics) vanowanzo shanda munzvimbo yepseudo-sainzi, kana mundima yekuenzanisira uye kuongorora data. "Masvomhu" vanoona matambudziko mumunda weComputer Science zvakasiyana. Ivo vanonyanya kushanda kwete nekodhi, asi nealgorithms, theorems, uye mamodheru. Kubatsira kwakakosha kwemaitiro emasvomhu ndiko kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwakakosha kwezvinogona uye zvisingagone kugadziriswa. Uye sei kuzvigadzirisa.

Saizvozvo, vadzidzisi vemasvomhu vanotaura nezvehurongwa nekurerekera kune dzidziso. Vadzidzi vanobva ku“nyanzvi dzemasvomhu” vanowanzouya nemhinduro dzakanyatsofungwa uye dzepamusoro-soro, asi kazhinji dzisiri dzepamusoro kubva pamaonero emitauro uye kazhinji dzinongonyorwa zvisina tsarukano. Mudzidzi akadaro anotenda kuti chinangwa chake chikuru ndechekuratidza kugona kugadzirisa matambudziko akadaro. Asi kushandiswa kunogona kunge kwakaoma.

Vana vakarerwa sevagadziri vepurogiramu kuchikoro kana mumakore avo ekutanga vanouya ne "bhasikoro rakanaka kwazvo", iro, zvisinei, rinowanzosashanda zvakanyanya asymptotically. Mukupesana, ivo havazviisi ivo basa rekudzika dzidziso uye kutendeukira kumabhuku ekutsvaga mhinduro dzakakwana, vachisarudza yakanaka kodhi.

Kumayunivhesiti akasiyana, panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwevadzidzi, ndinowanzoona kuti ndechipi "chikoro" chiri pasi pedzidzo yake. Uye handisati ndambosangana nechiyero chakakwana mudzidzo yekutanga. Semwana, muguta rangu waigona kugadzirira math olympiads, asi pakanga pasina makirabhu ekuronga. Iye zvino, mumakirabhu, vana vanodzidza kuronga mu "fashionable" Go nePython. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe padanho rekubvumidzwa kumayunivhesiti, pane misiyano yemaitiro. Ndinotenda kuti zvakakosha kuchengetedza hunyanzvi hwese kuyunivhesiti, zvikasadaro ingave nyanzvi ine isina kukwana theoretical hwaro, kana munhu asina kudzidza uye asingadi kunyora kodhi yakanaka, achauya kuzoshanda pakambani.

Maitiro e "kupomba iyo crossbar" mune ramangwana Nyanzvi dzakaumbwa neT?

Zviri pachena kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro mudzidzi anongosarudza zvaanoda zvakanyanya. Mudzidzisi anongotaura pfungwa iri pedyo naye. Asi munhu wese achabatsirwa kana iyo kodhi yakanyorwa zvakanaka, uye kubva pakuona kwealgorithms, zvese zvakajeka, zvinonzwisisika uye zvinobudirira.

• IT horizons. Akapedza dhigirii reBachelor muComputer Science inyanzvi yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa ine yakagadziridzwa tekinoroji maonero, angave akasarudza chimiro chake. Asi mujunior year, hatizivi kuti achaita sei. Anogona kupinda mune sainzi kana analytics, kana, pane zvinopesana, anogona kunyora hombe yekodhi zuva rega rega. Naizvozvo, mudzidzi anoda kuratidzwa ese maficha ekushanda mumunda weIT uye kuunzwa kune ese maturusi. Nenzira yakanaka, vadzidzisi vanobva kumakosi edzidziso vacharatidza hukama nekudzidzira (uye zvinopesana).
• Growth point. Kuri mufariro dzomudzidzi amene kusazvibvumira amene kunyanyisa. Kunzwisisa kana iwe uri "masvomhu" kana "programmer" hakuna kuoma. Zvakakwana kuteerera kune yekutanga kufungira paunenge uchigadzirisa dambudziko: chii chaunoda kuita - tarisa mubhuku uchitsvaga iyo yakakwana nzira kana kunyora akati wandei mabasa anozonyatso batsira gare gare? Zvichienderana neizvi, iwe unogona kuvaka imwe inowirirana nzira yekudzidza kwako.
• Mamwe manyuko ezivo. Zvinoitika kuti purogiramu yakanyatsonaka, asi "System Programming" uye "Algorithms" inodzidziswa nevanhu vakasiyana zvachose, uye vamwe vadzidzi vari pedyo nemudzidzisi wekutanga, uye vamwe - kune wechipiri. Asi kunyangwe iwe usingade purofesa, ichi hachisi chikonzero chekuregeredza zvimwe zvidzidzo uchifarira vamwe. Bachelors pachavo vanofarira kuwana chido chekushanda nemanyuko eruzivo uye pasina mhosva vanovimba nemafungiro akajeka akadai se "masvomhu ndiye mambokadzi wesainzi, chinhu chikuru ndechekuziva maalgorithms" kana "kodhi yakanaka inobhadhara zvimwe zvese."

Iwe unogona kudzamisa ruzivo rwako mudzidziso nekutendeukira kune akasarudzika mabhuku uye online makosi. Iwe unogona kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwako mumitauro yekuronga paCoursera, Udacity kana Stepik, uko kune akawanda makosi akasiyana anoratidzwa. Zvakare, vadzidzi vanowanzotanga kuona hardcore mutauro kosi kana vachinzwa kuti algorithms mudzidzisi anoziva masvomhu zvakanaka, asi haakwanise kupindura yakaoma kuita mibvunzo. Haasi munhu wese achabvumirana neni, asi mukuita kwangu zvakazviratidza zvakanaka nyanzvi muC++ kubva kuYandex, umo zvinhu zvakawanda uye zvakaoma zvikuru zvemutauro zvinoongororwa zvakatevedzana. Kazhinji, sarudza kosi ine zviyero zvepamusoro kubva kumakambani ane mukurumbira kana mayunivhesiti.

Unyanzvi hwakasimba

Kuuya kubva kuyunivhesiti kuzoshanda mune chero kambani, kubva pakutanga kusvika kune hombe kambani, vadzidzi vanobva kumayunivhesiti epamusoro vanozviwana vasina kujairana nemamiriro ebasa chaiwo. Chokwadi ndechekuti nhasi mayunivhesiti "anochengeta vana" vadzidzi zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe mushure mekupotsa makirasi mazhinji, kusagadzirira bvunzo uye bvunzo nenguva, kurara zvakanyanya, kana kunonoka bvunzo, munhu wese anogona kupasa nekuitora zvakare - uye pakupedzisira achiri kugamuchira dhipuroma.

Nekudaro, nhasi kune ese mamiriro ekuti vadzidzi vagadzirire hupenyu hwevakuru uye yakazvimirira basa rehunyanzvi. Vachafanirwa kwete chete kuronga, asiwo kutaurirana. Uye izvi zvinodawo kudzidziswa. Mayunivhesiti ane mafomu akasiyana ekuvandudza hunyanzvi uhu, asi, nhamo, kazhinji haapihwe tarisiro yakakwana. Nekudaro, isu tine mikana yakawanda yekuwana hunyanzvi hwekushandira timu.

• Kunyorerana kwebhizinesi kutaurirana. Nehurombo, vazhinji vakapedza kudzidza kubva kuyunivhesiti havana ruzivo nezve etiquette yetsamba. Hunhu hwekutaurirana munhume dzepakarepo huri mukutsinhana mameseji husiku nemasikati uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekutaura uye mazwi asina kurongeka. Zvisinei, zvingaita kudzidzisa kutaura kunonyorwa apo mudzidzi anokurukura nedhipatimendi uye yunivhesiti.

  Mukuita, vatungamiri vanowanzotarisana nekudiwa kwekuora chirongwa chikuru mumabasa maduku. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kutsanangura zvakajeka basa rimwe nerimwe uye zvikamu zvaro kuitira kuti vagadziri vejunior vanzwisise zvinodiwa kwavari. Basa risina kunyatsotsanangurwa rinowanzotungamira kune kudiwa kwekuitazve chimwe chinhu, ndosaka ruzivo mukukurukurirana kwakanyorwa runobatsira vanopedza kudzidza kushanda muzvikwata zvakagoverwa.

• Mharidzo yakanyorwa yemigumisiro yebasa rako. Kuratidza mapurojekiti avo edzidzo, vadzidzi vepamusoro vanogona kunyora zvinyorwa paHabr, zvinyorwa zvesainzi, uye zvakare mishumo. Kune mikana yakawanda yeizvi - basa rekosi rinotanga mugore rechipiri kune mamwe mayunivhesiti. Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa zvinyorwa senzira yekudzora - ivo vanowanzo swedera muchimiro kune chinyorwa chevatori venhau. Iyi nzira yakatoitwa paNational Research University Higher School of Economics.

  Kana kambani ichiita nzira inoshanduka yekusimudzira, inofanirwa kuratidza mhedzisiro yebasa rayo muzvikamu zvidiki, asi kazhinji. Kuti uite izvi, zvakakosha kukwanisa kuburitsa muchidimbu mhedzisiro yebasa reimwe nyanzvi kana timu yese. Uyewo, makambani akawanda nhasi anoita "ongororo" - gore negore kana semi-pagore. Vashandi vanokurukura zvabuda uye tarisiro yebasa. Kubudirira kuongorora ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekukura kwebasa, mabhonasi, somuenzaniso, muMicrosoft, Acronis kana Yandex. Hongu, iwe unogona kuronga zvakanaka, asi "kugara mukona" kunyange nyanzvi inotonhorera inogara ichirasikirwa kune mumwe munhu anoziva nzira yekupa kubudirira kwake zvakanaka.

• Kudzidzira Kwezvidzidzo. Kunyora kwedzidzo kunofanirwa kutaurwa zvakanyanya. Zvinobatsira kuti vadzidzi vajairane nemitemo yekunyora zvinyorwa zvesainzi, vachishandisa nharo, kutsvaga ruzivo muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, uye mafomati mareferensi kune aya manyuko. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita izvi muchiRungu, sezvo kune mamwe akawanda manyoro akanaka munharaunda yevadzidzi vepasirese, uye kune dzakasiyana siyana dzidziso dzakatogadzirwa matemplate ekupa mhedzisiro yesainzi. Zvechokwadi, unyanzvi hwekunyora hwezvidzidzo hunodiwawo pakugadzirira zvinyorwa zvemutauro weRussia, asi kune mienzaniso mishoma yezvinyorwa zvakanaka zvemazuva ano muChirungu. Unyanzvi uhwu hunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekosi yakakodzera, iyo zvino yakabatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvedzidzo zvakawanda.
• Kutungamira misangano. Vadzidzi vazhinji havazive kugadzirira misangano, kutora maminetsi, uye kugadzirisa data. Asi kana tikakudziridza hunyanzvi uhu mukoreji, semuenzaniso, nekutora chikamu mumapurojekiti echikwata, tinogona kudzivirira kutambisa nguva kubasa. Izvi zvinoda kutarisirwa kwebasa repurojekiti yevadzidzi kuitira kuti vadzidzise nzira yekuitisa misangano zvinobudirira. Mukuita, izvi zvinodyira kambani imwe neimwe mari yakawanda - shure kwezvose, kana vanhu vakati wandei vachigamuchira muhoro wakakura vakapedza awa yenguva yekushanda pamusangano, iwe unoda kuti pave nekudzoka kunowirirana pairi.
• Kutaura paruzhinji. Vadzidzi vazhinji vakatarisana nekudiwa kwekutaura pachena chete pavanenge vachidzivirira thesis yavo. Uye havasi vose vakagadzirira izvi. Ndakaona vadzidzi vakawanda vanoti:
  • vamire vakafuratira vateereri.
  • achizununguka, achiedza kusuma komisheni kune trance,
  • kuputsa zvinyoreso, mapenzura uye anonongedzera,
  • kufamba mumatunhu
  • tarisa pasi.

  Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana munhu achiita kekutanga. Asi iwe unofanirwa kutanga kushanda nekushushikana uku pakutanga - nekudzivirira kosi yako mune hushamwari mamiriro, pakati pevaunodzidza navo.

  Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro akajairwa mumakambani kupa mushandi mukana wekupa zano uye kugamuchira mari, chinzvimbo, kana chirongwa chakatsaurirwa icho. Asi, kana iwe ukafunga nezvazvo, uku ndiko kuchengetedzwa kwakafanana kwekosi, padanho repamusoro. Wadii kudzidzira unyanzvi hwebasa hwakadaro paunenge uchidzidza?

Ndakashaya chii?

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekunyora iyi post yaive chinyorwa, yakabudiswa paTyumen State University webhusaiti. Munyori wechinyorwa anotarisa chete kukanganisa kwevadzidzi veRussia vakaonekwa nevadzidzisi vekune dzimwe nyika. Maitiro ekudzidzisa kwangu kumayunivhesiti akasiyana anoratidza kuti chikoro cheRussia uye dzidzo yepamusoro inopa hwaro hwakanaka. Vadzidzi veRussia vane ruzivo mune masvomhu uye algorithms, uye zviri nyore kuvaka kutaurirana nehunyanzvi navo.

Munyaya yevadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika, pane zvinopesana, zvinotarisirwa nemudzidzisi weRussia dzimwe nguva zvinogona kunge zvakanyanyisa. Semuenzaniso, pamwero wekudzidziswa kwekutanga maererano nemasvomhu, vadzidzi veIndia vandakasangana navo vakafanana neRussia. Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva vanoshaya ruzivo rwakanyanya kana vapedza zvidzidzo zvavo zvepamberi. Vadzidzi vakanaka vekuEurope vangangove vasina kusimba masvomhu kumashure padanho rechikoro.

Uye kana iwe ukadzidza kana kushanda kuyunivhesiti, iwe unogona ikozvino kushanda pahunyanzvi hwekutaurirana (wako kana wevadzidzi vako), wedzera hwaro hwako hwakakosha uye kudzidzira hurongwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, dzidzo yeRussia inopa mikana yose - iwe unongoda kuishandisa nemazvo.

Ini ndichafara kana mune zvakataurwa kune iyo post iwe uchigovera zvinongedzo zvako kune makosi uye nzira dzinobatsira kuenzana chiyero mudzidzo, pamwe nedzimwe nzira dzekuvandudza hunyanzvi hunyanzvi paunenge uchidzidza kuyunivhesiti.

Source: www.habr.com