“Zvigadzirise!” - kwakauya mhere kubva kuback seat kwangu , zvisinei, pakanga pasina chikonzero chazvo - ndakanga ndava kutodhonza chibatiso chekutonga kwandiri nesimba rangu rose!
Yedu 25-ton, yakazara mafuta bhomba yakakandwa mhino yayo pahunyengeri 40 madhigirii uye yakazununguka zvine simba sezvo mapapiro ayo akatsemurwa nemhepo, ichiedza kuteerera mirairo isingagoneki.
Panguva iyoyo, patakabva pamuganho wepazasi wegore, kuburikidza neChiratidziro changu cheMusoro Wepamusoro (gadziriro yekuona maparamita ekubhururuka pamhepo), ndakaona kunyange mitsetse yeminda pasi: Ndakanzwa kusagadzikana.
Zvinhu zvakanga zvashata.
Yambiro yeGround Proximity (GPW) inorira.
"HAKUNA, WOOP! - Shamba, Shamba!"
"7,6,5 - Tim, 400 tsoka kuenda," mukuru wezvombo zvezvombo (WSO) akadanidzira.
Isu tese taiziva kuti isu taive kunze kwema parameter ejection system.
Ndakapinda sei munyatwa yakadai?
Ngatimirei.
Hongu, dzimwe nguva unongoda kumira.
Uye, kutaura zvazviri, zvingasava nyore, kunyanya kana wanga uchiita chimwe chinhu kwenguva yakareba uye chave muitiro wenguva dzose kwauri.
Kune vazhinji vedu, idzi dzinogona kunge dziri tsika dzakaipa, dzakadai sekusvuta, kunwa doro, kubhejera - zvinhu zvave zvakajairika, asi zvisingambobatsiri.
Kune vamwe, ingava miitiro yebasa—zvinhu zvaunoita nokufamba kwenguva izvo zvazova mitemo inowirirana yebasa.
Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe nguva zvinhu zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kuipa.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura ndakaziva nezve tsaona yendege yakakatyamadza vandinoshanda navo zvokuti yakaparira kurukurirano pamusoro peidi rokuti dzimwe nguva dzinonzi. "tsaona" inofanira kuva
zvinorondedzerwa sechimwe chinhu chine ungwaru.
"Njodzi chiitiko chisingafadzi chinoitika kamwe kamwe uye nemaune, kazhinji chinokonzera kukuvara kana kukuvara." - Oxford English Dictionary
Iyi yaive tsaona ya2014 apo ndege yebhizinesi yeGulfstream IV yakadonha muBedford, Massachusetts, mushure mekunge vashandi vane ruzivo vaedza kusimuka nekuvhara gust lock. Locking mechanism (locking mechanism) mudziyo unokiya zvinodzorwa kudzivirira kukuvadzwa nemhepo kana ndege yakamira. Kusimuka kwakabviswa panguva yekupedzisira uye ndege yakasvetuka kubva munzira, yakatsemuka kuita zvidimbu uye yakabata moto: munhu wese aive muchikepe akaurayiwa.
Chirevo chepfupiso chetsaona chakagumisa kuti vashandi havana kuedza kutarisa zvidzoreso vasati vasimuka: vakaedza kusimuka nekiyi yekuvhara yakaitwa uye, nekuona izvi, vakaedza kubvisa iyo yakasimuka, asi yakange yanonoka.
Zvimwe zvaikonzera zvaisanganisira kugara kwevashandi vepachikepe kusakoshesa mapepa ekuongorora. Muchokwadi, zvinyorwa zvishanu hazvina kupedzwa: kuregeredza kwakadaro kwaive tsika yakajairika mukati mesangano iri.
Kana cheki ichienderana nerondedzero yakaitwa, nzira yekuvhara ingadai yakaremara injini isati yatanga. Mukuwedzera, zvinodzora zvaizoongororwa.
Kune vatyairi vendege, zvisinei, zviri pachena kuti mushumo unoreva kuti chakakonzera tsaona chaive icho dzidziso inodaidza kuti "Normalization of Deviance."
Iri izwi rakatanga kushandiswa nenyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Diana Vaughan mubhuku rake rakatsaurirwa kuputsika kweChallenger shuttle - “The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA.” ).
"Kudzoreredzwa kwekutsauka kwevanhu munharaunda kunoreva kuti vanhu mukati mesangano vanojairira maitiro akatsauka zvekuti havaone sekutsauka, kunyangwe ivo vanotyora zviri pachena mitemo yekuchengetedza." - Diana Vaughan
Iyo yakareba mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaitika musangano, zvakanyanya kujaira kune vashandi. Vekunze vachaona mamiriro ezvinhu aya seasina kujairika, asi mukati mesangano maitiro ezuva nezuva.
Mune mamwe masangano, nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hukuru, iyo inotsanangurwa maitiro inogona kuitika asymptomatically, ichiwedzera kudzika midzi.
Muna 2003, Diana Vaughan akakokwa kuti apinde mukomiti yeChallenger shuttle yekuongorora njodzi uye akakwanisa kuratidza zvakajeka kuti NASA yakanga isati yadzidza kubva kune yakapfuura mutsaona yekuvhara, ichishandisa dhigirii imwechete yekushivirira kwengozi uye kuchinjika kune yakajairika mashandiro ane njodzi.
"Patakachera zvakadzama mu data, zvakava pachena kuti mamaneja anga asiri kutyora chero mitemo, asi kuti vaiteerera zvese zvinodiwa neNASA. Mushure mekuongorora, ndakaona kuti mitemo iyi neimwe nzira "isina kudaro" - yakasiyana neyakajairwa kurongeka. Vanhu vanozviisa pasi pekuda kuzadzisa hurongwa, vachigadzirisa mitemo inoenderana nekuita sarudzo dzine njodzi. ” - Diana Vaughan pane kukanganisa kwemukati meNASA.
Vashandi veNASA vakaumba mitemo , vachiteerera fungidziro yavo, iyo yakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo kukurumidza kwekutangisa shuttles kwakawedzera - tinoziva kuti izvi zvinoitika sei.
Sezvakaitika muGulfstream, kudzikamisa kwekutsauka kunowanzo tungamira mukuderera kwehunyanzvi hwekuita kwevashandi, izvo zvinozoita kuti kuderera uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera kwetsika yekuchengetedza.
Ndakanzwa izvi zvikuru panguva yandaiva Chief Inspector weuto guru rendege muRoyal Air Force (RAF).
Nemhaka yokuti vazhinji vevarayiridzi vangu vakuru vakasiya boka racho pakupera kwebasa ravo, takava nomuedzo wokuita kuti vatinoshanda navo vave vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira kuti vawane murayiridzo wepamusoro wendege kare zvikuru kupfuura zvazvaimboita kare.
Uye izvi zvakatisvitsa kumagumo.
Kana isu tisina kukodzera varairidzi vechidiki, taizofanira kuisa rimwe basa kune vakomana vane ruzivo, kuwedzera njodzi yetsaona nekuda kwekuneta. Asi kana tikamhanyira kuti tikwanise varairidzi vechidiki, ipapo njodzi iyi yaizoramba ichiwedzera - nekuda kwekusaziva kwavo.
Pakanga pasina sarudzo yekukunda.
Neraki, pakanga paine masangano ekunze kwataigona kutendeukira kune rubatsiro, seRoyal Air Force Central Flying School, pamwe chete nenyanzvi dzepfungwa kubva kuCentre for Aviation Medicine: mune yedu, kuwirirana kwakawanikwa.
Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kunonoka.
Muna 2011, shamwari dzangu mbiri, nhengo dzeRed Arrows aerobatic team, dzakafa mutsaona. Nekuda kweruzivo rwangu rwakawanda pakubhururuka kweHawk T1 (ndege inobhururuka timu yeaerobatic), ndakanzi ndipinde mukomiti yekuongorora senyanzvi yezvidzidzo, ndichibatsira mukunyora kwemushumo wekupedzisira.
Chiitiko chandakaongorora - , umo shamwari yangu yakafira ichiedza kumhara pashure pokupedza purogiramu muBournemouth. Kunyange zvazvo zvakakonzera tsaona iyi zvakanyanya zvezvokurapa, mushumo wedu wakaratidza nzvimbo dzakawanda umo boka rinofamba nendege rakatambura ne“kutsauswa kwetsika.”
Sezvauri kuona, "normalization of deviance" haingoitike mumasangano makuru chete, asiwo mune madiki, akabatana-akabatana mayuniti akadai seaerobatic timu kana akakosha mashandiro emauto.
Izvi zvinoitika nokuti zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vanhu vanobva kunze vawane ruzivo rwakakodzera uye ruzivo kuitira kuti vanzwisise "maitiro" ezviri kuitika mukati meboka rakadaro.
Ndakanga ndichitaura nenhengo yechikwata chakapihwa basa rekuongorora mafambiro ekubhururuka ezvikwata zveRAF, uye akandiudza kuti achitarisa mashandiro emutyairi weRed Arrows, akazviwana akatsikitsira pasi 100 tsoka pamusoro peScampton nhandare yendege mune mbiri. -kuumbwa kwemunhu.ndege dziri kure nemamita maviri.
Aifanira kuongorora sei kuti zvakanga zvichiitika?
Akanga asingakwanisi uye aifanira kushandisa ruzivo rwake pachake pamwe chete nezano kubva kunhengo dzechikwata.
Ndakamboziva mumwe mukuru wendege aitenda kuti vanhu vake vaive pamusoro pepfungwa dzekunze uye kuti iye chete ndiye aifanira kuongorora nekudzora zvavanoita.
Akanga asina kururama.
Muchokwadi, dzimwe nguva kuongororwa kunofanirwa kubva mukati medhipatimendi pachayo, asi hazvitenderwe kuramba mutemo wekunze uye manejimendi.
Funga nezvedambudziko rezvemari repasi rose ra2008, apo mabhanga mazhinji akakundikana nekuti akange asiri pasi pemutemo wekunze nekuti akakwanisa kugonesa zviremera kuti vazvitonge ivo pachavo.
Zvitarise sekunge uri kuudza mumwe munhu waunoziva kuti ari kutanga tsika yakaipa.
Mumwe nomumwe wedu angagamuchira zano rakadaro, kunyange kana tisingarifariri.
Saka, "normalization of deviance" inoitikawo pakati pevanhu.
Tora doro kana kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, semuenzaniso. Kana wangotanga kushandisa fodya kana doro, zvinokurumidza kuva muitiro—muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, munhu wacho haachayeuki chero “zvakajairika.”
Dzimwe nguva izvi zvinotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti avo vanotevera nzira iyi vanoita zvinhu zvakapusa.
Kufanana neni, semuenzaniso, pandinenge ndiri mudiki haina kukanganisa Tornado GR4 yake kuBelgium pakati pemakore ekuma2000.
Somutyairi wendege ane chivimbo, ndakatumirwa kuchamhembe kweEurope kuti ndiitewo zvidzidzo zvendege munyika dzakawanda. Taive nendege mbiri uye chibvumirano pakati pevashandi chaive chekuti hatichinje - kana chero michina ikatadza, ipapo vashandi vayo vari pasi nguva yese kusvika ndege yaiswa.
Zvaiva zvakanaka.
Kusvikira ndege yedu yaparara.
Takaita zvakanaka chaizvo panguva yemaekisesaizi. Tichiita semabhomba maviri, takarova zvese zvatinovavarira uye hatina kupfurwa nendege "Dzvuku" dzinoita sevadzivisi. Zvakasvika pakuti pakutanga kwevhiki rechipiri kuvhima kwakanangwa kwakatanga kwatiri: muvengi aida kuzvirumbidza kuti akanga apfura ndege dzenyika dzose dzaitora chikamu.
Zvisinei, muvhiki yechipiri Tornado imwe chete yakakwanisa kuburuka, uye yakanga isiri ndege yangu.
Ndege yedu yaive nedambudziko negiya rekumhara kana kumhara - yaisavhara; giya rekumhara harina kudzoserwa.
Vanamazvikokota vendege vakawana kupfeka kwakakosha uye kusingagadzirike pakiyi yekudzosa. Nechepfungwa, yaifanira kunge yakapinda panzvimbo pa 0g, zvaireva kuti pakuchenesa
giya rekumhara taida kudzikisa mhino yendege pasi.
Ndakataura nemukuru wangu wezvombo zvekushandisa uye takasarudza kumboedza.
Takachinja ndokupfeka mayunifomu ekubhururuka uye panguva apo ndege dzose dzakanga dziri mumhepo
Northern Germany, yakatora kumhepo kuti iedze dzidziso yenyanzvi yedu.
Takasimudza ndege kusvika ku5000 tsoka, takadzikisa mhino kusvika ku40 degrees, takasvika 0g uye takapa murairo wekudzosa giya rekumhara. Kupeta dhizaini kunotora masekonzi gumi, iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa kumhanya kwendege kana kupeta imakumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemashanu mapfundo, ayo, sezvatakaona, akazove asina kukwana - nemhino yakarereka pamadhigirii makumi matatu, isu taive padhuze nekupfuura kumhanya.
Takatarisa maFlight Reference Cards tikaona kuti taifanira kusvika 250 knots, inova inonzi Never Exceed limit.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kukura kwekumhanya kwakadaro kunoda kubvumidzwa kwakakosha, asi takabva tanzwa nekukurumidzira uye takatenda kuti tinogona kuzvipembedza.
Takayera mativi akati wandei uye takafara kuti, nekungwarira kwakakodzera, taigona kuramba tichitora chikamu muchiitwa.
Mushure mekukurukura hurongwa hwedu nevainjiniya nemakomuredhi kubva kuchikwata chechipiri, takasarudza kuti zvese zvaive zvine musoro.
Kusvikira kuseni kwasvika.
Makore aibvira pamamita 4000 20000 kusvika ku5 XNUMX—nzvimbo yedu yokufambisa yakanga yakaganhurirwa. Kana tikabudirira, tinoenderera mberi nekuronga; kana zvisiri, tinoda kupisa matani mashanu ehuturu tisati tamhara.
Takasimuka mu afterburner, ipapo pakakwirira 200 knots ndakasimudza mhino kusvika kumadhigirii makumi mana, ndakadzora maflaps uye ndakasundira chibatiso chekudzora kubva kwandiri pamberi pemucheto wegore.
Ndakabva ndabata landing gear control lever ndokuiendesa kwainoita retract position.
"Svikai zvenyu!" - Ndakafunga sezvo mhuno ye25-ton ndege ichidonha zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro pedenga.
Ndakachinja engine kuita low speed mode. Pakumhanya kwakaderera, ndege huru haina kufamba zvakanaka, uye kudai mhino yakanga yaderera zvikuru, yaisazova nenguva yokudzika tisati tarova pasi.
*Kurovera, kutsemuka*
Giya rekumhara rakanga riri panzvimbo yakadzokororwa, uye ndakaisa injini musimba rakazara ndokusimudza mhino kuti ikwire. Takanga tine nguva yakawanda: hatina kana kusvika pasi pe2000 tsoka.
Zano racho rakashanda.
Mukufamba kwenguva dzakawanda Takatevera nzira iyi panguva dzehondo dzehondo. Uyezve, takakwanisa kugonesa sevhisi yekutumira kuti zvataiita zvaive zvakajairika.
Nekudaro, vanhu vaive pedyo vakafungidzira kuti chimwe chinhu chaive chisina kumira zvakanaka: vakatanga kubvunza mibvunzo, senge, semuenzaniso, murume wekuAmerica - mutyairi weF-16 akabatanidzwawo muzvidzidzo:
"Varume, chii chamuri kuita nemafambiro anopenga aya painosimuka?" akabvunza mamwe manheru mushure mekunwa magirazi edoro.
“Magiya ekumhara haadzokeri paanenge akawandisa,” ndakapindura kudaro.
"Ah, ndazviwana - zvinoita sezvisina kujairika kundege hombe kudaro, kunyanya tichitarisa huwandu hwemafuta ari mundege," akadaro.
Ndakangosekerera nekunyara.
Ndege shoma dzakatevera dzakazodzikama, uye “mafambisirwo emhepo” yakava tsika yedu yatagara tichiita pakusimuka kubva munhandare yendege.
Ndakaudzwa kuti maneja wepurogiramu aida kundiona uye, sezvo ndaiva nechokwadi chokuti kurukurirano yedu yaizotsaurirwa kumirimo yedu pakusimuka, ndakaita zvose zvandaigona kumunzvenga.
Pazuva rokupedzisira remaekisesaizi edu mamiriro okunze akanga akaipa kupfuura zvazvakanga zvakaita kwevhiki mbiri, asi takanga tichishuva kudzokera kumba, tisingadi kuramba takabatikana muBelgium kweimwe vhiki.
Pamusangano wemangwanani takaudzwa kuti hwaro hwegore hwakange hwave pamamita 1000, kudzika kudarika kare. Izvi zvaireva kuti taifanira kungwarira zvakanyanya pakudzoreredza giya rekumhara.
Takasimuka ndokusara takadzikama. Pane 200 knots ndakakwevera mhino kumusoro nesimba sezvandaigona, asi ndaingokwanisa kusvika 30 degrees tisati tapinda mugore: ichi chaiva chinhu chitsva.
Ndakatanga kudzikisa mhino, ndichisiya injini pane afterburner kuitira kuti ndiwane 0g yaidiwa.
"Chassis, huya!" Ndakanzwa izwi reWSO yangu nguva pfupi mushure mekunge ati, "1200 tsoka, Tim."
Mhino yainge yadzika 20 degrees.
"Tisvikewo!" Ndakaridza mhere.
Zvinhu zvakanga zvashata.
"Level," yakauya kusheedzera kuback seat.
Takati tabuda mugore mhino yemota yakadzikiswa ne40 degrees ndikaziva kuti nyaya dzedu dzaive dzorwadza.
Pakanga pasina simba rakakwana - mhino yendege yaisimuka zvishoma nezvishoma kuti isasimuka tisati tarova pasi.
Yambiro yeGPW system inonzwika.
"WOOP, WOOP - Shamba, Shamba!"
"7, 6, 5 - 400 tsoka kuenda, Tim!" WSO yangu yakadanidzira.
Ndege yakazununguka zvisinei nemirairo kubva kune zvinodzora: yaingove isina hunhu hwakakwana hwekubhururuka kuti ibude mudhivha.
Mukamba makati zii. Chakaita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kushata inyaya yekuti nekuda kwekuwanda kwatakaita taive tisina mukana wekuburitsa.
Ndakanyatso wedzera maflaps uye slats kuitira kuti ndiwedzere kusimudza kwebapiro.
Kuwedzera kwayo kamwe kamwe kwakatungamirira kukuti kumhanya kwemhino yendege yaienda kumawere kwakawedzera zvishoma.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ava nani.
Pakupedzisira, ndakakwanisa kuenzanisa ndege panzvimbo yakakwirira ye200-300 tsoka pamusoro pevhu uye zvishoma nezvishoma ndakasimudza motokari mumakore.
Giya rekumhara harina kumbodzoreka. Rwendo rurefu uye chinyararire kuenda kumba rwakanga rwakatimirira.
Ndaiva mutyairi wendege ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira, pakati chaipo apo kuzvivimba kwangu kwaigona kutungamirira kurufu rwangu. Pataifamba kwenguva yakareba, taiwedzerawo kuva nechivimbo.
Takazvivimbisa kuti kutyora mitemo kwaibatsira dzidziso uye kuti zvataiita zvaikosha.
Asi nenzira iyi ndakapotsa ndadonhedza ndege yemauto inokosha £50 miriyoni.
Zviito zvangu zvekuwana 0g kuitira kudzoreredza giya rekumhara mushure mekusimuka kwaive kutyora mitemo, asi zvakava tsika kwatiri - ini ndainyatsotenda kuti ndanga ndichiita zvese nemazvo.
Ndakarasika.
Takanga tine rombo rakanaka zuva iroro, asi, se“kutsauswa” kwangu, pakanga paine zviratidzo zveyambiro mumienzaniso yakapihwa:
- The Red Arrows aerobatic team yakasangana nenjodzi muna 2008 uye 2010 nekurasikirwa kwendege mbiri. Chikwata ichi chaive neimwe nzira yaro yakasarudzika yekuchaira ndege, pamwe nedanho rekudzidziswa iro rakanyanya kuomera munhu wekunze kuti aongorore.
- NASA yakarasikirwa nechitundumuseremusere cheChallenger muna 1986 nekuda kwekushaya hanya uye yakaramba ichishanda netsika yakaipa yenjodzi kudzamara njodzi yechadenga Columbia payakadzokera kuNyika muna 2003.
- Wese munhu anoziva kuti vatyairi vejeti vanotanga rwendo rwavo nebhegi rizere nerombo, vachitanga kuzadza bhegi risina chinhu neruzivo - njodzi zhinji dzinoitika dzakatenderedza 700-awa chiratidzo. Pandakapotsa ndabondera muBelgium, ndaiva nemaawa 650.
"Dzidziso kuzadza bhegi reruzivo usati wadurura bhegi rerombo."
Usati waedza kushandura nyika, tarisa kumashure kwawakatanga.
Izvi zvine musoro here?
Watsauka pane zvanga zvakajairwa kwauri here?
Ndinoti “kwauri” nekuti tese takasiyana. Isu tose tine kunzwisisa kwedu pachedu, mipimo yedu pachedu, asi, kutaura chokwadi, tinowanzotsauka kubva pazviri.
Saka kwete zvese kamwechete.
Iwe pachako usati wadonha.
Zvichida iwe unofanirwa kutarisa pakusiya kuputa usati watenga iyo £ 50 pamwedzi nhengo yejim? Kana kurega kudya machipisi nechokoreti usati wanyatsozvipira kuderedza uremu?
Unoziva here kuti nei, paunobhururuka nendege uri pazororo, vachikuudza kuti unofanira kutanga waisa mask yeokisijeni pauri, wozobatsira vamwe?
Nekuti ukasazvibatsira haugone kubatsira chero munhu.
Tora nguva iwe pachako - hazvisi nyore, asi zvakakosha.
Pakugadzirira kusimuka, ndinogara ndichitarisa kuti zvinodzora zviri musimba rangu here, kuti hapana mumwe munhu ari kuuya kuzomhara (kuti arege kumhara pamusoro wangu), uye kuti nzira yekufamba nayo ndege iri mberi yakajeka.
Ini zvakare ndinotarisa kuti maflaps akakodzera akabatanidzwa uye kuti ejection system yakashongedzerwa zvakakwana.
Ndinova nechokwadi chekuti ndinoteerera mitemo yekuchengeteka mundege ndisati ndaita.
Muchiitiko ichi, kana, semuenzaniso, shiri ikapinda muinjini yangu uye kubvarura compressor blade panguva yekusimuka, ini ndichazvipa ini mukana wakanakisa wekutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Zvibvunze kuti "chii chinonditadzisa kuita zvandinoda?"
Uye ipapo iwe unogona kuisa pfungwa pakudzoka kune izvo zvekutanga zve "iwe".
Batanidza kune yekutanga kudhindwa -
Kubva kumushanduri
Chinyorwa chepakutanga chine akati wandei ehunyanzvi mazwi ane chekuita nemaitiro ekutyaira ndege, yakasanganiswa, nekuwedzera, nejagoni rehondo. Somunhu asina kunyanyorovedzana nouyu musoro, pane dzimwe nguva zvakanga zvakandiomera kuwana mashoko akarurama okushandura (ndakaedza pasinei zvapo nokuti =). Kana iwe ukawana kusarongeka kwehunyanzvi mune yangu chinyorwa, ndapota ndinyorere meseji!
Source: www.habr.com