Musi waAugust 3 muMoscow, pakati pe12: 00 ne14: 30, iyo Rostelecom AS12389 network yakawana kuderera kuduku asi kunooneka. NetBlocks zvakaitika ndiyo yekutanga "kuvharwa kwenyika" munhoroondo yeMoscow. Izwi iri rinoreva kuvharwa kana kurambidzwa kupinda Indaneti nevakuru.
Zvakaitika muMoscow kekutanga zvave zviri kuitika pasi rose kwemakore akati wandei. Mumakore matatu apfuura, kwave ne377 yakanangwa internet kuvharwa nezviremera pasi rese, sekureva .
Nyika dziri kuwedzera kushandisa zvirambidzo pakuwana Indaneti, zvose sechombo chekuongorora uye sechombo mukurwisa zviitiko zvisiri pamutemo.
Asi mubvunzo ndewokuti, chishandiso ichi chinoshanda sei? Kushandisa kwayo kunoguma nei? Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakabuda zvinojekesa nyaya iyi.
Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekudzima Indaneti, dzinonyanya kushandiswa:
Chekutanga ndiko kukanganisa kwese network, seizvi .
Chechipiri kuvharisa kupinda kune mamwe mawebhusaiti (semuenzaniso, masocial network) kana vatumwa ipapo," seizvi. .
Chiitiko chekutanga chikuru chepasi rose chekudzima internet chakaitika muna 2011, apo hurumende yeEgypt yakavhara internet uye nharembozha kwemazuva mashanu panguva ye "".
Asi maingove muna 2016 apo dzimwe hurumende dzemuAfrica dzakatanga kushandisa zvine simba kuvhara. Muyedzo wekutanga wekudzima magetsi wakaridzwa neRepublic of Congo, iyo yakavharira nhare dzese kwesvondo panguva yesarudzo dzemutungamiri wenyika.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti shutdowns haisi nguva dzose censorship yezvematongerwo enyika. panguva yebvunzo dzechikoro kudzivirira kuvuza kwemibvunzo yebvunzo. MuBrazil WhatsApp muna 2015 na2016 mushure mekunge Facebook Inc (iyo muridzi weWhatsApp) yatadza kutevedzera zvikumbiro zvedare zvedata sechikamu chekuferefeta kwemhosva.
Pamusoro pezvo, ichokwadi kuti kutaura kweruvengo uye nhau dzenhema dzinogona kupararira nekukurumidza pasocial media uye kutumira mameseji. Imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa nezviremera kudzivirira kupararira kweruzivo rwakadai kuganhurira kupinda kune network.
Gore rakapera, somuenzaniso, kuyerera Yakakonzerwa nerunyerekupe rwakapararira kuburikidza neWhatsApp, zvakakonzera mhondi makumi mana nenhanhatu.
Nekudaro, muboka rekodzero dzedhijitari tenda kuti kuparadzirwa kwemashoko enhema kunowanzoshanda sevhavha yekuvhara kwechinguvana. Semuyenzaniso, Kuvharwa kweInternet muSyria kwakaratidza kuti vanowanzo pindirana nehuwandu hwemhirizhonga nemauto ehurumende.
Yepamutemo VS zvikonzero chaizvo zvekuvharika kweInternet muna 2018 zvinoenderana nedata .
Geography yekudzima
Mune 2018 gore yakarekodha 196 kubuda kweInternet pasi rese. Semakore apfuura, ruzhinji rwekubuda kwakaitika muIndia, 67% yezvose zvakashumwa munyika.
Vasara 33% munyika dzakasiyana: Algeria, Bangladesh, Cameroon, Chad, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Mali, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines neRussia.
Impact yekudzima
yakabudiswa muna Kukadzi 2019, munyori wayo Jan Rydzak anobva kuStanford University anga achitsvaga kuvharika kweInternet nemhedzisiro yazvo kweanenge makore mashanu.
Jan Rydzak akadzidza India, iyo yaive neinternet yakavharika kupfuura chero kupi zvako pasirese. Zvikonzero zvevazhinji vavo hazvina kutsanangurwa, asi izvo zvaizivikanwa zviri pamutemo zvaiwanzotsanangurwa nekudikanwa kwekudzvanyirira zviito zvechisimba zvakasiyana.
Pakazara, Rydzak akaongorora 22 kuratidzira muIndia pakati pa891 na2016. Tsvagiridzo yake inoratidza kuti zvese zviri zviviri internet uye zvesocial media zvinorambidzwa hazviratidzike kuderedza kukwira.
Muzviitiko apo kuratidzira kwaisanganisira mhirizhonga, akaona kuti kuvharika kweinternet kwaienderana nekukwira. Zuva rega rega rakatevera mushure mekuvharwa kweInternet kwakakonzera mhirizhonga yakawanda kupfuura apo kuratidzira kwakaitika neinternet nguva dzose.
Zvichakadaro, panguva yekuvharwa kweinternet, kuratidzira kune runyararo, uko kungangove kwakanyanya kutsamira pakurongeka kwakanyatso pamatanho edhijitari, hakuna kuratidza huwandu hwakakosha hwekudzima.
Mukuwedzera, zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti mune dzimwe nguva, kuvharwa kwetiweki kwakatungamirira kukutsiviwa kwemaitiro asina chisimba neaya ane chisimba, ayo anoita seasina kutsamira pakukurukurirana kunobudirira nekubatana.
Mutengo wekudzima
Nepo kudzima kupinda kweinternet kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kufarirwa kuhurumende zhinji, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti haisi yemahara.
munyika 19 kubva muna Chikunguru 2015 kusvika June 2016, Darrell West yeBrookings Institution yakaona kuti kurasikirwa kwese kweGDP kwakafungidzirwa pamadhora 2,4 bhiriyoni.
Rondedzero yenyika dzine kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kubva pakuvhara kweInternet.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti Darrell West yakangofunga nezve hupfumi hwekudzima . Izvo hazvina kufungidzira mutengo wemutero wakarasika, kukanganisa pakubudirira kana kurasikirwa kwevatyairi vekudyara kubva pakuvhara.
Nekudaro, iyo $2,4 bhiriyoni fungidziro inochengetedza iyo ingangove inodonhedza kukuvadzwa chaiko kwehupfumi.
mhedziso
Chokwadi nyaya yacho inoda kumwe kudzidzwa. Semuyenzaniso, mhinduro kumubvunzo kuti kusvika papi fundo yekuvhara muIndia inogona kufungidzira kune chero dzimwe nyika, kutaura zvishoma, hazvisi pachena.
Asi panguva imwecheteyo, zvinoita sekunge kuvharika kweinternet, pane zvakanakisa, chishandiso chisingaite chine mutengo wakakwira wekushandisa. Kushandiswa kweiyo kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa.
Uye pamwe dzimwe njodzi, semuenzaniso, kurambidzwa kwemasangano epasi rose kana matare, kuderera kwemamiriro ekudyara. Mukana wekuitika kwavo hausati wadzidzwa.
Uye kana zvakadaro, zvino sei?
Source: www.habr.com