American Foundation U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) manhamba ezvinyorwa zvesainzi nehuinjiniya mumajenari akaongororwa nevezera re2018. Huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvesainzi nehuinjiniya, zvinosanganisira zviitiko zvemusangano, zvakasvika 2. Uye nhamba iyi yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura zvayakanga yakaita makore gumi apfuura, apo zvinyorwa 555 zvakadhindwa.
Huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvejenari zvakapepetwa nenyanzvi dzezvidzidzo zvakakura paavhareji yepagore ye4% mumakore gumi apfuura. Asi nhamba yemapepa esainzi neeinjiniya muChina yakakura nekaviri mwero gore rega rega, nepo nhamba yemapepa muUS neEU yakawedzera nehafu yeavhareji.
Mugore rekubika, huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvesainzi muChina hwakawedzera kusvika pa528, zvichiverengera 263% yezvinyorwa zvese zvesainzi nehuinjiniya munyika. Munguva iyi, zvinyorwa zve20,67 zvakaburitswa muUnited States, inova 422% yehuwandu hwepasi rose hwekutsvaga panguva yekuzivisa. India iri pachinhanho chechitatu nechikamu chekuburitswa kwesainzi che808% kana 16,54 zvinyorwa. India inoteverwa zvishoma kumashure neGermany, Japan neEngland.
Russia iri pachinzvimbo chechinomwe maererano nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvesainzi zvine 7 zvinyorwa, izvo zvinoenderana nechikamu che81% chese tsvagiridzo yakaitwa munyika muna 579. Kutora nyika dzeEuropean Union pamwechete, dzakamiririra mazana matanhatu nemakumi maviri nemaviri ezvinyorwa zvesainzi, kana chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvinyorwa zvese zvesainzi zvakaburitswa muna 3,19.
Kunyangwe tsvakiridzo yakabuda muUnited States yanga iri diki pane yeChina muhuwandu hwakakwana, mhando yayo inowanzokwirira nekuti ine zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya munharaunda yepasi rose yesainzi. Izvi zvinotevera kubva kune zvinongedzo kune zvinyorwa zvesainzi kubva kuU.SA, nhamba yacho yakakura zvakapetwa kaviri sezvekubatanidza kune zvimwe zvinhu zvese. Izvi zvinotonyanya kushamisa sezvo kugadzirwa muUSA kwave kushoma pane kuChina. Nekudaro, zvinyorwa zveChinese zviri kukurumidza kubata neAmerica maererano nereferensi yakawanda, izvo zvinoratidza kuwedzera kwemhando nekudzika kwetsvagiridzo munyika ino.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti hunyanzvi hwezvimisikidzo hwakagadzirwa munyika yesainzi: iyo USA, EU neJapan dzakanyanya kufambira mberi mumunda wesainzi yehutano, uye vaongorori muChina neIndia vanoshanda zvakanyanya mumunda weinjiniya. Kunyanya, zvinyorwa zvakaburitswa muUS neEU zvinonyanya kutarisisa nezve astronomy neastrophysics, biological and biomedical sainzi, sainzi yepasi, sainzi yehutano, uye psychology nesainzi yemagariro. Nyika dzeEU zvakare dzine pesvedzero inocherechedzwa pakuvandudzwa kwekufunga kwesainzi kwakanangana nekudzidza nezvezviwanikwa uye ecology, pamwe nemasvomhu nenhamba. Zvinyorwa zveChinese zvinonyanya kutarisana nesainzi yezvekurima, chemistry, komputa uye ruzivo sainzi, mechanical engineering, materials science, zviwanikwa uye kuchengetedza zvisikwa, pamwe nefizikisi.
Mamiriro epasi rose ekutsvakurudza anoramba achikura. Muna 2018, chinyorwa chechishanu chega chega chakanyorwa nevanyori vanyori vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuve vatengesi vanoonekwa vezvinyorwa zvesainzi munyika, iyo makore 10-20 apfuura yaisagona kuzvirumbidza nehukuru hwesainzi uye basa rekutsvaga.
Source: 3dnews.ru