Mhoroi, vagari veKhabro! Zvinoita here kutaura nezvefashoni, kutenda kana fungidziro mune yakakosha sainzi?
Chadenga hachifariri fashoni yevanhu. Sainzi haigoni kududzirwa sokutenda, nokuti zvirevo zvesainzi zvinogara zvichiiswa pakuedzwa kwakasimba uye zvinoraswa panongotanga dzidziso kupesana nehuchokwadi hwechinangwa. Uye fungidziro kazhinji inoregeredza zvese zviri zviviri chokwadi uye kufunga. Zvakadaro, mukuru Roger Penrose haadi kuramba zvachose zviitiko izvi, nekuti fashoni yesainzi inogona kuva injini yekufambira mberi, kutenda kunoonekwa kana dzidziso inosimbiswa nekuedza chaiko, uye pasina kubhururuka kwekufungidzira munhu haakwanise kunzwisisa zvese zvisinganzwisisike zvedu. Universe.
Muchikamu che "Fashion", iwe uchadzidza nezve tambo dzidziso, iyo yakanyanya fashoni dzidziso yemakumi emakore achangopfuura. "Kutenda" kwakatsaurirwa kune dzidziso pane iyo quantum mechanics inomira. Uye “Fantasy” ine chekuita nedzidziso dzekwakabva Chisiko chapose pose chatinoziva.
3.4. Big Bang Paradox
Ngatitangei kumutsa mubvunzo wekucherechedza. Ndehupi humbowo hwakananga huripo hwekuti Chadenga chese chinocherechedzwa chaimbova mumamiriro ekumanikidzwa uye kupisa zvisingaite izvo zvaizoenderana nemufananidzo weBig Bang unoratidzwa muChikamu 3.1? Humbowo hunonyanya kusimba ndeye cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), dzimwe nguva inonzi big bang. CMB mwaranzi yakareruka, asi ine kureba kwewavelength, saka hazvigoneke zvachose kuiona nemeso ako. Chiedza ichi chinodururira patiri kubva kumativi ese zvakaenzana (asi kazhinji zvisingaite). Inomiririra mwaranzi yekupisa ine tembiricha ye ~ 2,725 K, kureva, anopfuura madhigirii maviri pamusoro peabsolute zero. Iyo yakacherechedzwa "kupenya" kunofungidzirwa kuti yakatanga mune inopisa zvinoshamisa Universe (~ 3000 K panguva iyoyo) makore angangoita 379 mushure meBig Bang - munguva yekupararira kwekupedzisira, apo Universe yakatanga kujeka kune electromagnetic radiation (kunyangwe. izvi hazvina kumboitika panguva yeBig Bang) kuputika; chiitiko ichi chinoitika muchikamu chekutanga che000/1 yezera rose reNyika - kubva paBig Bang kusvika nhasi). Kubva panguva yekupedzisira yekupararira, kureba kwemasaisai echiedza aya kwakawedzera zvakaenzana neKudenga pachayo kwakawedzera (nechikamu chinosvika 40), zvekuti kuwanda kwesimba kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, tembiricha yakacherechedzwa yeCMB ingori 000 K.
Icho chokwadi chekuti mwaranzi iyi haina kurongeka (kureva, kupisa) inosimbiswa zvinokatyamadza nehunhu hweiyo frequency spectrum, inoratidzwa muFig. 3.13. Kusimba kwemwaranzi pane imwe neimwe frequency yakarongwa yakatwasuka pagirafu, uye frequency inowedzera kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Iyo inoenderera inotenderera inoenderana nePlanck blackbody spectrum inokurukurwa muChikamu 2.2 kune tembiricha ye 2,725 K. Mapoinzi ari pa curve idata kubva kutarisisa kwakatariswa kunopihwa mitsara yekukanganisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhawa ekukanganisa anowedzerwa ka500, nekuti kana zvisina kudaro zvingangove zvisingabviri kufunga, kunyangwe kurudyi, uko zvikanganiso zvinosvika pakunyanya. Chibvumirano pakati pe theoretical curve uye mhedzisiro yekutarisa inongoshamisa-zvichida chibvumirano chakanakisa ne thermal spectrum inowanikwa mune zvakasikwa.
Zvisinei, kusawirirana uku kunoratidzei? Icho chokwadi chekuti isu tiri kufunga nezve nyika iyo, sezviri pachena, yaive padyo neiyo thermodynamic equilibrium (ndosaka izwi rekuti incoherent rakashandiswa kare). Asi imhedzisoi inotevera kubva muidi rokuti Chadenga chichangobva kusikwa chakanga chiri pedyo zvikuru nekuenzanisa kwe thermodynamic? Ngatidzokere kuFig. 3.12 kubva muchikamu 3.3. Iyo nzvimbo yakakurisa-yakaomeswa-yakaomeswa ichave (netsanangudzo) yakakura kwazvo kupfuura chero imwe dunhu rakadai, uye ichave yakakura kwazvo hukama kune dzimwe zvekuti inovadikitira vese! Thermodynamic equilibrium inoenderana neiyo macroscopic state, iyo, pamwe, chero system ichauya nekukurumidza kana gare gare. Dzimwe nguva kunonzi kufa kunopisa kweChisiko, asi mune iyi nyaya, zvisingaite, tinofanira kunge tichitaura nezvekuzvarwa kwekupisa kweChisiko. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu anoomeswa nenyaya yekuti Chadenga chichangobva kuzvarwa chaive chichikura nekukurumidza, saka mamiriro atiri kufunga haana kuenzana. Zvakangodaro, kuwedzera mune iyi nyaya kunogona kutariswa zvakanyanya adiabatic - iyi poindi yakafarirwa zvizere naTolman kumashure muna 1934 [Tolman, 1934]. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kukosha kwe entropy hakuna kuchinja panguva yekuwedzera. (Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neaya, apo thermodynamic equilibrium inochengetedzwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kweadiabatic, inogona kutsanangurwa muchikamu chepakati seseti yenzvimbo dzakaenzana-vhoriyamu ine kupatsanurwa-grained partition, iyo inosiyana kubva kune mumwe chete mune chaiyo mavhoriyamu eUniverse. .Tinogona kufunga kuti iyi yekutanga mamiriro akaratidzirwa neyakakura entropy - kunyangwe nekuwedzera!).
Sezviri pachena, takatarisana nedambudziko rinoshamisa. Zvinoenderana nenharo dzakapihwa muChikamu 3.3, Mutemo Wechipiri unoda (uye uri, musimboti, unotsanangurwa ne) Big Bang kuve macroscopic nyika ine yakaderera zvakanyanya entropy. Nekudaro, kucherechedzwa kweCMB kunoratidzika kunge kunoratidza kuti iyo macroscopic mamiriro eBig Bang yairatidzwa neyakakura entropy, pamwe kunyangwe iyo yepamusoro inogoneka. Ndokupi kwatinotadza zvakakomba kudaro?
Heino imwe tsananguro yakajairika yeiyi gangaidzo: inofungidzirwa kuti, sezvo nyika ichangozvarwa yaive "diki", panogona kunge paine muganhu kune yakanyanya entropy, uye mamiriro eiyo thermodynamic equilibrium, iyo sezviri pachena yakachengetwa panguva iyoyo, yaive. ingori muganho level entropy inogoneka panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, iyi ndiyo mhinduro isiri iyo. Mufananidzo wakadaro unogona kuenderana nemamiriro akasiyana zvachose, umo ukuru hweUniverse hunobva pane chimwe chisungo chekunze, semuenzaniso, senge mune gasi rinowanikwa mucylinder ine piston yakavharwa. Muchiitiko ichi, piston pressure inopihwa neimwe nzira yekunze, iyo inoshongedzerwa nekunze sosi (kana kubuda) kwesimba. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu aya haashande kune Universe yose, iyo geometry nesimba, pamwe ne "hukuru hwayo hwose," inotsanangurwa chete nechimiro chemukati uye inotungamirirwa nemasimba equation eEinstein's general theory of relativity (kusanganisira equations inotsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu; ona zvikamu 3.1 ne3.2). Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro (apo equations inenge yakanyatsogadzirisa uye isingashanduki maererano nehutungamiri hwenguva - ona chikamu 3.3), huwandu hwose hwechikamu chechikamu hachigoni kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu nzvimbo P pachayo haifanire "kushanduka"! Kushanduka kwese kunongotsanangurwa nenzvimbo yecurve C munzvimbo P uye muchiitiko ichi inomiririra kushanduka kwakakwana kweUniverse (ona chikamu 3.3).
Zvichida dambudziko richava rakajeka kana tikafunga nhanho dzepashure dzekupunzika kweChisiko Chapose pose, kana kwava kusvika paKuparara Kukuru. Rangarira iyo Friedman modhi yeK > 0, Λ = 0, inoratidzwa muFig. 3.2 a muchikamu 3.1. Isu iye zvino tinotenda kuti kukanganisa mumuenzaniso uyu kunobva mukuparadzirwa kusingaenzaniswi kwechinhu, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuparara kwenzvimbo kwatoitika, zvichisiya maburi matema panzvimbo yavo. Ipapo isu tinofanirwa kufunga kuti mushure meizvi mamwe maburi matema achabatana uye kuti kuputsika kuita mumwechete wekupedzisira kuchave kwakaomarara maitiro, asina kana chero chinhu chakafanana neyakaomesesa symmetric Big Crash yeakanakisa spherical symmetric Friedmann. modhi inoratidzwa muFig. 3.6 a. Kusiyana neizvi, mumhando yemhando, mamiriro ekudonha anozonyanya kuyeuchidza nezve yakakura mess inoratidzwa muFig. 3.14 a; mhedzisiro inoguma inomuka munyaya iyi inogona, kusvika pamwero yakati, inopindirana neBCLM hypothesis inotaurwa pamagumo echikamu 3.2. Iyo yekupedzisira inodonha mamiriro ichave isingafungidzike entropy, kunyangwe iyo Universe ichadzika ichidzika kusvika padiki saizi. Kunyangwe iyi (yakavharwa munzvimbo) inodzokorodza modhi yaFriedmann haisati yaonekwa semumiriri unonzwisisika weChadenga chedu, iwo mafungiro akafanana anoshanda kune mamwe maFriedmann modhi, ane kana asina cosmological anogara aripo. Iko kuparara kwevhezheni yemhando ipi neipi yakadaro, inosangana nekuvhiringidzika kwakafanana nekuda kwekugoverwa kusina kuenzana kwenyaya, inofanira zvakare kushanduka kuva mhirizhonga inopedza zvose, imwe chete yakafanana negomba dema (Fig. 3.14 b). Nekudzoreredza nguva mune imwe neimwe yeidzi nyika, isu tichasvika inobvira yekutanga singularity (inogona Big Bang), iyo ine, maererano, colossal entropy, iyo inopesana nefungidziro yakaitwa pano nezve "ceiling" ye entropy (Fig. 3.14 c).
Pano ndinofanira kuenderera kune dzimwe nzira dzinombofungwawo dzimwe nguva. Vamwe vanoongorora vanofunga kuti mutemo wechipiri unofanira kuzvidzosera kumashure mumamodheru ari kudonha kudaro, kuitira kuti iyo entropy yepasirese iite diki zvishoma nezvishoma (mushure mekuwedzera kukuru) sezvo Kuparara Kukuru kunosvika. Zvisinei, mufananidzo wakadaro unonyanya kuoma kufungidzira pamberi pemakomba matema, ayo, kana angoumba, ivo pachavo vanotanga kushanda kuti vawedzere entropy (iyo inosanganiswa neasymmetry yenguva munzvimbo ye zero cones pedyo nechiitiko chechiitiko. ona mufananidzo 3.9). Izvi zvichaenderera mberi mune ramangwana riri kure - kusvika maburi matema abuda pasi pesimba reHawking mechanism (ona zvikamu 3.7 ne4.3). Chero zvazvingava, mukana uyu haukonese nharo dziri kutaurwa pano. Pane rimwe dambudziko rakakosha rinosanganisirwa nemhando dzakaoma kudaro dzekudonha uye izvo vaverengi pachavo vangave vakafunga nezvazvo: iwo maburi matema anogona kusamuka zvachose panguva imwe chete, saka kana tikadzosera nguva, isu hatizowana Big Bang, izvo zvinoitika "zvose uye pakarepo". Zvisinei, iyi ndiyo chaiyo imwe yezvivakwa zve (zvisati zvaratidzwa, asi zvinogutsa) fungidziro yesimba recosmic censorship [Penrose, 1998a; PkR, chikamu 28.8], maererano nezvayo, kazhinji, humwe humwe huchave hwakafanana nenzvimbo (chikamu 1.7), uye naizvozvo inogona kuonekwa sechiitiko chenguva imwe chete. Uyezve, zvisinei nemubvunzo wehuchokwadi hweiyo yakasimba cosmic censorship hypothesis pachayo, mhinduro dzakawanda dzinozivikanwa dzinogutsa mamiriro aya, uye zvese sarudzo dzakadaro (kana dzawedzerwa) dzinenge dzakakwirira entropy kukosha. Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana pamusoro pechokwadi chezvatinowana.
Saizvozvo, isu hatiwani humbowo hwekuti, nekupihwa madiki madiki emuchadenga, panofanira kunge paine imwe "yakaderera sirin" yeinobvira entropy. Muchidimbu, kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu muchimiro chegomba dema uye kubatanidzwa kwe "black hole" mumwechete kuita nyonganiso imwe chete inzira inonyatsoenderana nemutemo wechipiri, uye iyi yekupedzisira nzira inofanirwa kuperekedzwa nekuwedzera kukuru. mune entropy. Mamiriro ekupedzisira ePasirose, "diki" ne geometrical miyero, inogona kunge iine entropy isingafungidzike, yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mumatanho ekutanga eiyo inopunzika yecosmological modhi, uye diki diki pacharo harise "seiling" kune iyo yakanyanya kukosha. ye entropy, kunyangwe "denga" rakadaro (pakudzoreredza kufamba kwenguva) rinogona kungotsanangura kuti nei entropy yaive yakaderera zvakanyanya panguva yeBig Bang. Muchokwadi, mufananidzo wakadaro (Fig. 3.14 a, b), iyo inowanzomiririra kuparara kweNyika, inopa mhinduro kune gangaidzo: nei panguva yeBig Bang pakanga paine yakasarudzika yakaderera entropy kana ichienzaniswa neaigona kuve, kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti kuputika kwaipisa (uye mamiriro akadai anofanirwa kunge aine entropy yakawanda). Mhinduro ndeyokuti entropy inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kana kutsauka kukuru kubva pakufanana kwepakati kwakabvumirwa, uye kuwedzera kukuru kwerudzi urwu kunobatanidzwa nekusagadzikana kunokonzerwa chaizvo nekubuda kwemakomba matema. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzvimbo ine homogeneous Big Bang inogona zvechokwadi kuve, tichitaura, yakaderera zvakanyanya entropy, zvisinei nekuti zvirimo zvaipisa zvisingaite.
Chimwe chezvimedu zveuchapupu hunonyanya kukosha hwokuti Big Bang zvechokwadi yakanga yakanyatsofanana, inopindirana nejometry yeFLRU modhi (asi isingaenderani neyakajairwa yakawanda yekusagadzikana kwehumwe kunoratidzwa muFig. 3.14c), zvakare inouya zvakare. kubva kuRI, asi panguva ino ine angular homogeneity, uye kwete neiyo thermodynamic hunhu. Iyi homogeneity inoratidzwa mukuti tembiricha yeRI inenge yakafanana chero nguva mudenga, uye kutsauka kubva kune homogeneity hakupfuuri 10-5 (yakagadziridzwa kune diki Doppler mhedzisiro inoenderana nekufamba kwedu kuburikidza neyakatenderedza nyaya. ) Pamusoro pazvo, kunenge kune kufanana kwepasi rose mukuparadzirwa kwemapoka enyeredzi nezvimwe zvinhu; Nokudaro, kugoverwa kwebhariyoni (ona Chikamu 1.3) pazvikero zvakakura zvakakura zvinoratidzwa nehomogeneity inokosha, kunyange zvazvo pane zvinooneka zvinokanganisa, kunyanya izvo zvinonzi voids, apo kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinooneka zvakaderera zvakanyanya kudarika avhareji. Muzhinji, zvinogona kukakavara kuti homogeneity yakakwira zvakanyanya mukati menguva yakapfuura yeUniverse yatinotarisa, uye RI ndiyo humbowo hwekare hwekugovaniswa kwenyaya yatinogona kuona zvakananga.
Mufananidzo uyu unopindirana nemaonero ekuti mukutanga kwekukura kwayo Universe yakanga yakanyatsofanana, asi ine dhirezini zvishoma. Nokufamba kwenguva (uye pasi pesimba remarudzi akasiyana-siyana e "kukweshana" - maitiro anononoka kufamba kwehama), izvi zvisizvo zvehudhinha zvakawedzera pasi pesimba regiravhiti, izvo zvinopindirana nepfungwa yekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvinhu. Nokufamba kwenguva, kuunganidza kunowedzera, zvichiita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwenyeredzi; vanoungana kuva mapoka enyeredzi, rimwe nerimwe richibudisa gomba dema guru pakati. Pakupedzisira, kuungana uku kunokonzerwa nekusadzivisika kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Maitiro akadaro anobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwakasimba kwe entropy uye anoratidza kuti, tichifunga nezve giravhiti, iyo yekutanga inopenya bhora, iyo chete RI yasara nhasi, inogona kunge iri kure neyakakura entropy. Kupisa kwechimiro chebhora iri, sezvinoratidzwa nePlanck spectrum inoratidzwa muFig. 3.13, inotaura izvi chete: kana tikafunga nezve Universe (munguva yekupararira kwekupedzisira) sechirongwa chinosanganisira nyaya uye simba rinopindirana, saka tinogona kufunga kuti yaive mu thermodynamic equilibrium. Zvisinei, kana tikafungawo nezvesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, mufananidzo wacho unochinja zvikuru.
Kana isu tichifungidzira, semuenzaniso, gasi mumudziyo wakavharwa, zvino zvakajairika kufunga kuti ichasvika pakureba kwayo entropy mune iyo macroscopic mamiriro kana yakagoverwa zvakaenzana mumudziyo (Fig. 3.15 a). Panyaya iyi, ichafanana nebhora rinopisa rakagadzira RI, iro rakagovaniswa zvakaenzana mudenga. Zvisinei, kana ukatsiva gasi mamorekuru ane yakakura hurongwa mitumbi yakabatana mumwe nomumwe negiravhiti, semuenzaniso, mumwe nyeredzi, unowana yakasiyana zvachose mufananidzo (Fig. 3.15 b). Pamusana pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, nyeredzi dzichagoverwa zvisina kuenzana, nenzira yemasumbu. Pakupedzisira, iyo entropy yakakura ichawanikwa kana nyeredzi zhinji dzadonha kana kusangana mumakomba matema. Kunyangwe izvi zvingatora nguva yakareba (kunyangwe zvichifambiswa nekukweshana nekuda kwekuvapo kweiyo interstellar gasi), tichaona kuti pakupedzisira, kana simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi richitonga, iyo entropy yakakwira, iyo isingaenzaniswi nyaya yacho inogoverwa muhurongwa. .
Migumisiro yakadaro inogona kuteverwa kunyange pamwero wezviitiko zvezuva nezuva. Mumwe anogona kubvunza: ndeipi basa reMutemo Wechipiri mukuchengetedza hupenyu paPasi? Iwe unogona kazhinji kunzwa kuti isu tinogara papasi rino nekuda kwesimba rakagamuchirwa kubva kuZuva. Asi ichi hachisi chirevo chechokwadi chakazara kana tikafunga nezvePasi rose, sezvo rinenge simba rose rinogamuchirwa neNyika mukati mezuva rinokurumidza kubuda richienda muchadenga, murima rehusiku denga. (Chokwadi, mwero chaiwoiwo uchagadziridzwa zvishoma nezvinhu zvakadai sokudziya kwepasi uye kupisa kwepasi nemhaka yokuora kwemwaranzi inobudisa mwaranzi.) Kana zvisina kudaro, Pasi raizongowedzera kupisa uye risingachagariki mumazuva mashomanana! Nekudaro, mafotoni anogamuchirwa zvakananga kubva kuZuva ane frequency yakati wandei (iyo yakamisikidzwa muyero chikamu cheiyo spectrum), uye Nyika inoburitsa yakaderera mafrequency mafotoni mu infrared spectrum munzvimbo. Zvinoenderana neformula yaPlanck (E = hν, ona chikamu 2.2), imwe neimwe yemafotoni anosvika kubva kuZuva ega ane simba rakanyanya kudarika mafotoni anoburitswa muchadenga, saka, kuti awane kuenzana, akawanda akawanda mafotoni anofanira kubva paNyika kupfuura kusvika ( ona mufananidzo 3.16). Kana mafotoni mashoma asvika, ipapo simba rinouya rinenge riine madhigirii mashoma erusununguko uye simba rinobuda richava neakawanda, uye nekudaro, maererano nemaitiro eBoltzmann (S = k log V), mafotoni anouya achave ane entropy shoma pane anobuda. . Isu tinoshandisa yakaderera-entropy simba riri muzvirimwa kudzikisa yedu pachedu entropy: tinodya zvinomera kana herbivores. Aya ndiwo mararamiro ari Panyika anopona uye achibudirira. (Sezviri pachena, pfungwa idzi dzakatanga kuumbwa zvakajeka naErwin Schrödinger muna 1967, paakanyora bhuku rake reshanduko Life as It Is [Schrödinger, 2012]).
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pamusoro peiyi yakaderera-entropy chiyero ndeichi: Zuva inzvimbo inopisa mudenga rakasviba zvachose. Asi zvinhu zvakadaro zvakamuka sei? Mazhinji maitiro akaoma akaita basa, kusanganisira ayo akabatana neiyo thermonuclear reactions, nezvimwewo, asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti Zuva riripo zvachose. Uye zvakamuka nekuti solar matter (senyaya inoumba dzimwe nyeredzi) yakatanga kuburikidza negwara regiravhiti, uye zvese zvakatanga nekugovaniswa kwakafanana kwegasi nerima.
Pano tinofanira kutaura chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisike chinonzi rima, icho sezviri pachena chinoumba 85% yezvinhu (zvisiri-Λ) zviri muUniverse, asi zvinoonekwa chete nekubatana kwesimba rinokwevera pasi, uye maumbirwo ayo haazivikanwe. Nhasi tinongofunga nezvenyaya iyi kana tichifungidzira huwandu hwehuwandu, hunodiwa pakuverengera humwe huwandu hwenhamba (ona zvikamu 3.6, 3.7, 3.9, uye kuti ndechipi chinonyanya kukosha chikamu chedzidziso chine rima, ona chikamu 4.3). Pasinei nenyaya yerima, tinoona kukosha kwakadzika-entropy kwekutanga yunifomu kugoverwa kwenyaya kwakaratidza kuve kuhupenyu hwedu. Kuvapo kwedu, sekunzwisisa kwatinozviita, kunoenderana neiyo yakaderera-entropy gravitational reserve inova hunhu hwekugovera kwekutanga kwakafanana kwechinhu.
Pano tasvika kune inoshamisa-chaizvoizvo, inoshamisa-chikamu cheBig Bang. Chakavanzika hachingori mukuti zvakaitika sei, asiwo mukuti chaive chiitiko chakanyanya kuderera entropy. Uyezve, zvinoshamisa hazvisi zvakanyanya mamiriro ezvinhu aya sekuti entropy yaive yakaderera mune imwe chete ruremekedzo, iyo: madhigirii emagetsi erusununguko aive, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, akadzvinyirirwa zvachose. Izvi zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kune madhigirii erusununguko rwechinhu uye (electromagnetic) mwaranzi, sezvo vairatidzika kunge vainakidzwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo inopisa ine entropy yakakura. Mukuona kwangu, ichi ndicho chakavanzika chakadzika che cosmological, uye nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero chinoramba chisingatarisirwi!
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti ugare mune zvakadzama pamusoro pekuti iyo Big Bang yaive yakakosha sei uye kuti chii chinonzi entropy chinogona kusimuka mukuita kwe gravitational clumping. Saizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kutanga waziva kuti incredible entropy inonyatso gara mugomba dema (ona Fig. 3.15 b). Tichakurukura nyaya iyi muchikamu 3.6. Asi ikozvino, ngatitendeukei kune rimwe dambudziko rine chekuita neinotevera, inogoneka mukana: mushure mezvose, Zvakasikwa zvingangove zvisingaite nzvimbo (sezvakaita zveFLRU modhi neK. 0, ona chikamu 3.1) kana kuti yakawanda yeChadenga inogona kusaonekwa zvakananga. Saizvozvo, isu tinosvika padambudziko re cosmological horizons, iyo yatichakurukura muchikamu chinotevera.
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For Khabrozhiteley 25% dhisikaundi uchishandisa kopani - New Science
Pakubhadharwa kwepepa rebhuku rebhuku, bhuku remagetsi richatumirwa ne-e-mail.
Source: www.habr.com