Kukanganisa kwekuziva mukuziva "tenases" yemutauro weChirungu, kana Ani nani anotitadzisa achatibatsira.

*Baader-Meinhof phenomenon, kana The Frequency Illusion kukanganisa kwekuziva umo ruzivo ruchangobva kudzidziswa rwunoonekwazve mushure menguva pfupi inoonekwa seisingawanzo wanzoitika.

Kune mabug kumativi ese...

Iyo "software" yemumwe nemumwe wedu yakazara ne "bugs" - kukanganisa kwekuziva.

Mubvunzo unomuka: munhu angaona sei chokwadi pasina ivo? Kuziva kwemunhu, mumusimboti, kungave kwakasununguka kubva mukutsauka kwakarongeka mukuona? Nzanga yavanhu nenyika zvaizochinja sei kudai munhu wose akanga asina mazviri?

Kunyange zvazvo pasina mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi, uye pasina mumwe wedu akasununguka kubva kwavari, iyi "Achilles chitsitsinho" yekuona kwevanhu inobudirira kushandiswa nevashambadziri, vashambadziri nevamwe vashandi. maitiro ehupfumi. Vakakwanisa kugadzira hunyanzvi hwekunyepedzera, vachibudirira kushandisa kukanganisa kwedu kwekuziva kuti, semuenzaniso, kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekutengesa zvemakambani.

Munyori akawana kushanda kwekushanda kwekukanganisa kwekuziva mune imwe nzvimbo - kudzidzisa mitauro yekunze.

Psychological inertia yemutauro wekuzvarwa pakudzidza mutauro wekunze

Senyanzvi inoshanda nekuziva kwevanhu, munyori anonyatsoziva kuti kurwadza uye kusashanda sei kurwisa inertia yepfungwa yemutauro wekuzvarwa pakudzidza Chirungu.

Cognitive sainzi yakaratidza kuti kunyangwe kana munhu achinyatsoziva kuvepo kwekukanganisa kwekuziva, ruzivo urwu harupi nzira yekupa munhu kudzivirirwa kubva mukuwira mavari. Kana uchidzidzisa mutauro, chinangwa ndechekugona mutauro sechishandiso, kwete kurwisana nekusadzivisika kwekuziva kukanganisa kunodzivirira kuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa ichi. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusangana nekukanganisa kwekuziva mukuita kwekudzidza mutauro wekune imwe nyika hazvidzivisiki.

Nehurombo, matekinoroji akakurumbira uye nzira dzekudzidzisa mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika dziripo nhasi padanho rakarongeka hazvifungi nezve kupikisa kwechisikigo kwe psyche mukubatanidzwa kwezvimiro zvemitauro izvo zvisinganzwisisi, uye, chokwadi, zvakanyanya. zvingangove zvenguva refu mapurojekiti ekupaza magonhi akavharwa nehuma dzavo pane nzira inofadza yekuziva hunyanzvi hwakakosha inoperekedzwa nekunakidzwa kwekunzwa kukura kwehunyanzvi uye pundutso yehungwaru, nguva nekudyara kwemari.

Mukuita kudzidzisa maitiro, munyori akadzidza chokwadi chimwe chete: kurwisa kukanganisa kwemaonero kana uchidzidzisa mutauro hakuna zvakunobatsira sekurwisa Mimvuri yako maererano naJung, iyo inogona chete kukurirwa nekuziva, kuzviziva uye kuzvigamuchira pachako. Kana iyo Mimvuri yakadzvinyirirwa yakabatanidzwa zvakare muhunhu, mumvuri uyu unoshanduka kuita simba rine simba.

Kubva pamhedziso iyi, pfungwa yakazvarwa "kutasva" inertia yekukanganisa kwekuziva, kutamba pamwe nekuziva nenzira inodzorwa kuitira kuti kukanganisa kubatsire, pane kutadzisa, kukurumidza kutorwa kwezvinhu.

Method 12 yakazvarwa (chinongedzo muprofile) - nzira yeheuristic ye "kurodha" iyo "tense" system yegirama yeChirungu. Maitiro umo kumwe kukanganisa kwedu kwekuziva, kazhinji zvipingamupinyi, kuita sevabatsiri vedu, kupa, zvinokatyamadza, kuziva uye kunyaradza kwemaitiro ekudzidza, kuchengetedza kwakakosha munguva nemari - kazhinji, nzira iri nyore, algorithmic, uye inovaraidza zvinangwa.

“Anotinetsa achatibatsira!”

Nzira yekuziva maitiro gumi nemaviri echiRungu, Method 12, yakavakirwa pamusimboti weAikido: "Anotidzivisa achatibatsira!"

Chokwadi, sei kuisa muhondo inonetesa yekurwisa kukanganisa kwekuziva kana ichigona kushandiswa sevabatsiri vane simba kumusana kwavo kuri nyore kukwira nekukunda muunyanzvi hutsva?

Ichi chii kukanganiswa kwepfungwa, chii chinotibatsira kugona zvinhu zviri munzvimbo yeMethod 12, uye inzira dzipi dzechinyakare dzekudzidzisa dzinopindirana zvisina musoro kudaro?

Ngatitange nenyaya yekuti chero maitiro echinyakare ekutora mutauro, zvinoitika kudzidza kubva kunze sechinhu chagara chiripo. Tarisiro yekuwedzera kubatanidzwa kweiyi gadziriro yevatorwa mune arsenal yekuziva kwemunhu inoratidzika kumudzidzi seine ngozi sekutora rusvingo rwenhare mukusvetuka. Ndiripo ini, uye kune hofori yechirungu, uye ini ndinofanira kudya uye kugaya iyi nzou, ndichicheka zvidimbu zvidiki kubva mairi kwenguva refu, refu.

Kuchengetedza nguva iyo nzou yakadyiwa iyi inova chikamu chakabatanidzwa chekuziva kwako kukanganisa kwekuziva kunonzi “IKEA maitiro” (izvo zvinobatanidzwa ne“Iyo "isina kugadzirwa neni" syndrome"). Method 12 inofunga nezve chiitiko ichi chepfungwa, pamwe chete ne "Chizvarwa kana kuratidza maitiro” (inova chinhu chine chinangwa chepfungwa, uye kwete kukanganisa kwekuziva), kuvaka nzvimbo yedzidzo pane yavo inertia.

Ngatitarisei kuti Method 12 inodyidzana sei nemumwe wavo

Ngatitarisei kuti Method 12 inodyidzana sei neimwe yadzo uye maitiro echinyakare maitiro:

IKEA mhedzisiro, tsananguro	Iyo 12 nzira	Trad. nzira dzekudzidzisa
Maitiro evanhu ekukoshesa zvakanyanya izvo ivo pachavo vakatora chikamu mukugadzira. Nekuda kwekuedza kwakawanda kwakaiswa muchirongwa, vanhu vanowanzo farira kuramba vachiisa mari muzvirongwa zviri pachena kuti zvakundikana.	Mukati megadziriro yeMethod 12, munhu anozvigadzirira hurongwa hwenguva dzeChirungu, achipindura mibvunzo yemudzidzisi, inorongwa mune imwe nhevedzano. Vadzidzi vanoona kuti matanho mangani asara kusvika kuvaka kwapera uye kuyera kudzoka pakudyara kwavo. Kana chimiro chapera, vanomira kuisa mari mukugadzira chimiro uye vanoona kuti nhanho yekuvandudza kugona kwechimiro inotanga.	Mudzidzi haazvisike chero chinhu, anongoedza kukanda chimwe chinhu chekunze asingaonekwi kwaari. Sezvo mutemo, vanhu vanoedza kunzwisisa hurongwa hwenguva kwemakore uye vanoramba vasingagutsikani nekunzwisisa kwavo uye kutonga nyaya iyi. Vadzidzi vanogona kudzoka kwechinguva, uye gare gare, pasi pedzvinyiriro yechinangwa chinodiwa, kudzokera kukuedza kugona zvinyorwa; kana kuti vanoramba vachiomesa musoro vachiisa mari mune chimwe chinhu chavari kuita zvisina kunaka vasingazvizivi.

Generation effect, kana kuratidzwa, tsananguro	Iyo 12 nzira	Trad. nzira dzekudzidzisa
Kugona kurinani kwezvinhu kunoitwa nemunhu mumamiriro ezvinhu echizvarwa chayo chakazvimirira kana kupedzwa nemunhu pachake pane kungozviverenga. Inozviratidza nekuda kwekudzika kwekugadzirisa ruzivo rwakapedzwa, iyo inotakura mamwe semantic mutoro. Inosanganisira kugadzwa kwenhamba huru yekubatana kwekubatanidza, iyo inowedzera nhamba ye "nzira dzekuwana" kune ruzivo rwakagadzirwa, kusiyana ne "kuverenga" nyore.	Mukati megadziriro yeMethod 12, munhu, achipindura mibvunzo inotevedzana yehunhu hwekuziva, anozvimiririra anogadzira sisitimu, achidana kubva mukuziva kwake zvinhu zvinozivikanwa uye zvinonzwisisika zvemutauro wake wekuzvarwa izvo zvatovepo, uye ozvironga zvakare mune imwe hurongwa. mutauro uri kudzidzwa. Saka, hurongwa hutsva ndiko kusikwa kwemudzidzi uye kwete chinhu chekunze chinofanira kudzidzwa. Kuzivikanwa kweiyo yakaratidzwa sisitimu kune sisitimu yeChirungu "tensi" ibasa remudzidzisi uye mugadziri, kwete mudzidzi.	Mudzidzi haazvisike chero chinhu, anongoedza kudzidza neupofu imwe nyaya yekunze yaasingazivi, achishandisa mitemo isina kurongeka uye maekisesaizi akagadzirwa nevechitatu mapato.

Zviitiko zviviri izvi, chimwe chazvo chiri kuvhiringika kwepfungwa, ndidzo mbiru panovakirwa nhanho mbiri dzechina (symmetrical yekutanga neyechitatu) yeMethod 12, panoburitswa mavakirwo ehurongwa hwenguva yechirungu.

Kukunda kwezizi nepasi

Kupfuurirazve, Method 12 inobudirira kukunda dambudziko rekare revadzidzi "kukwevera zizi reRussia pane yeChirungu globe", iro rakatokurukurwa nemunyori. zvakanyorwa pakutanga.

Zvinotaridza kuti kukanganisa kwekuziva uku kunobva mukukanganiswa "Kutsigira kurerekera","Semelweis effect"И"Clustering illusion" Ivo vakabatana nemaitiro epfungwa yedu yekutsvaga kana kududzira ruzivo rutsva nenzira yekuti inokodzera paradigm yagara iripo mukuziva kwedu. Panyaya yekudzidza Chirungu, ndicho chiitiko chekuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga kweRussia cognitive logic mumutauro wekune imwe nyika, iyo, zvechokwadi, inenge isipo ipapo mune fomu yaidiwa.

Panzvimbo pekukakavadzana nesimba rine simba iro, rinopesana nechido chedu, rinotanga "kudhonza" zvinhu zvitsva zviri kunze kweparadigm yemutauro wemutauro wechiRussia pane iyi paradigm, panzvimbo yekurovera zvipikiri zvemitemo mune izvi zvinongoerekana zvaitika uye kuputika chikwapuro. zvekuzunungusa nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvisingaperi mukutaura uye kurovedza muviri, isu, sachiremba wepfungwa akachenjera, tinobvumirana zvinyoronyoro nekuziva kwekupandukira. "Hongu mudikani. Unoda zvakadaro here? Hongu, zvakanaka zvangu, ngazvive sezvaunoda." Uye isu tinovaka gwara rakakodzera rezvinhu.

Pfungwa dzakanyaradzwa dzinomira kushushikana uye kutya nekuti haigone "kusundidzira mune zvausingakwanise kukwana." Zvichakadaro, tinomupa zvinyoro nyoro ratidziro yehurongwa hwezvipenyu uye mafomu enguva, akaiswa muhurongwa hwekuziva, "rugare" chokwadi uye zviratidzo zvaanoziva kwaari - "chokwadi", "maitiro", "mazuva ekupedzisira", "chokwadi chakakwana" , nezvimwewo. Ichi chebetsero chivakwa chekufananidzira chakarongwa nenzira yekuti chakafanana nehurongwa hwegumi nembiri dzechirungu dzezvimiro zvezwi rinoshanda. Mukufamba kwemaawa mashoma ekudzidziswa, kuziva kwacho kunosimudzira yekubatsira 3D chimiro pane Chirungu Tenses system, uye nemasikirwo inosanganisa yaimbovengwa uye isinganzwisisike Present Perfect Simple uye Future Perfect Progressive. Kufananidza kunogona kutorwa nemamiriro ezvinhu apo zvakakosha kuendesa mushonga muropa remhuka inorwara. Mhuka icharamba kudya piritsi iri muchimiro chayo chakachena, uye panzvimbo yekupedza nguva pakurwisana kwayo nechisimba, muridzi wacho anongovhenganisa piritsi mukurapa. Voila.

Somuuyo, takabvumira kuziva “kukweva” kumufarwa wayo, asi takagadziridza muitiro uyu zvishomanene: “zizi” rakava Chirungu, uye “globe” rakava rechiRussian. Ndiko kuti, kuziva, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwakasimba kwemudzidzisi, vakamira kutsvaga chiRussian cognitive logic muChirungu, asi, pane zvinopesana, inowanikwa mumutauro weRussia wehuzivi hwepfungwa yeChirungu uye yakavakwa muzvikamu zvinonzwisisika uye zvinozivikanwa zvinhu izvi zvinowanzoenderana. mitauro yese iri miviri kuita modhi yehurongwa hwakafanana nehurongwa hwemazuva ese emutauro weChirungu. Isu tisingarwadzi uye zvakanaka takakunda kushorwa kwekuziva, takadzivisa kurwisana kusina zvibereko nazvo, tichishandisa maitiro ezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa kukanganisa kwekuziva kwekubatsira kwekunakisisa uye kwakadzika mukati meunyanzvi.

Uyezve, mukugadzira izwi remukati reMethod 12, tinoshandisa inertia yechisikigo Mhedzisiro yekujairana nechinhu и Kuwanikwa heuristics, ine mamiriro encoding mamwe eakaomesesa ekuziva ekuvaka ekuona kwevanotaura chiRussia nemitsara yevanhuwo zvavo, senge: "chero ani akasimuka anotanga kutora slippers", "Ndakafamba, ndakafamba, ndakafamba, ndakawana pai, akagara pasi, akadya, ndokuenderera mberi", "chigero", "pini", "zvikamu". Zvino zvatine memes akadai mune arsenal yedu, taburitsa pfungwa dzedu netsitsi: ikozvino, kuitira kuti tibatanidze inotyisa Past Perfect mumutauro wedu wechiRussia paradigm, hatidi tsananguro dzekupwanya mazino senge "chiito chakapedzwa tisati tasvika. imwe nguva yapfuura yakatsanangurwa kana kurehwa, yakaumbwa muChirungu nechirevo chekare uye chekare." Zvakakwana kutaura nechitarisiko chekurangana: "ndiani anotsvedza"?

Hazvina kunzwika zvesainzi, ndinobvuma. Asi pasina kukanganisa kwekuziva uye kuunganidzwa mune inonzwisisika system, yakapusa uye yakavimbika, senge Kalashnikov pfuti yekurova. Kutorwa kubva muchimiro cheiyo yakavakirwa sisitimu, iyi "pragmaterminology" inorasikirwa nerevo yese.

Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti kosi inovakwa cyclically, mutsika dzakanakisa Level processing effect и Kudzokororwa kwakasiyana. Zvinhu zvechikamu chekutanga zvinogadziriswa pane imwe itsva, yakadzika kutendeuka mune yechitatu, nhanho yechipiri inoratidzwa ne "yakafumiswa" yechina. Uye zvino - denga ndiro muganhu ... "Skeleton" yakasimba yegirama yeChirungu inoiswa mumusoro wemudzidzi. Tevere, iwe unogona kuvaka akavezwa "tsandanyama" pairi uye nekukwenenzvera humwe rurimi runako sezvinodiwa nemudzidzi uye zvaanoda.

Chivi chakaipa chemudzidzisi

Takafunga zvakawanda pamusoro pevadzidzi. Uye mudzidzisi? Iyewo munhu ane zvikanganiso zvake. Mudzidzisi anokunda chii maari pachake pakudzidzisa achishandisa Nzira 12? Kukanganiswa kwemaonero ane zita rinotyisa "Kutuka Zivo”: “chimwe chepfungwa dzakarerekera mukufunga kwevanhu ndechokuti zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vanhu vakawanda vane ruzivo vaone dambudziko ripi neripi nemaonero evanhu vasina ruzivo.” Kuve nehunyanzvi hwakajeka hwakadaro munzvimbo, mudzidzisi haana mukana wekukanganisa musoro wemudzidzi asingazivi. Sezvingabvira zvikuru pakudzidzisa uchishandisa Method 12, somujee iroro, “pandanga ndichitsanangura, ndakanzwisisa,” mudzidzisi, achitsanangura mashoko acho, dzimwe nguva anogona kuona mairi chimwe chinhu chaakanga asati amboona.

Ndinoda kuziva kuti avo vakapedza kuverenga chinyorwa ichi vakasangana nematambudziko api pakudzidza mitauro. Uye chikumbiro chikuru kune avo vasina kukanganisa kwekuziva ndechekusakanda matombo asina kunaka muNzira kana zvichibvira. Munyori akaedza.

Source: www.habr.com