Ariadne Conill, mugadziri weAudacious mimhanzi inoridza, muvambi weIRCv3 protocol, uye mutungamiri weAlpine Linux kuchengetedza timu, akashoropodza marongero eFree Software Foundation pane proprietary firmware uye microcode, pamwe nemitemo yeRespect Your Freedom initiative yakanangana. certification yemidziyo inoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuve nechokwadi chekuvanzika kwemushandisi uye rusununguko. Sekureva kwaAriadne, marongero eSangano anoganhura vashandisi kuti vasave nehardware, inokurudzira vagadziri vanotsvaga chitupa kuti vawedzere kuomesa dhizaini yavo yekuvaka, kuodza mwoyo kuvandudzwa kwedzimwe nzira dzemahara kune proprietary firmware, uye kudzivirira kushandiswa kwemaitiro ekuchengetedza.
Dambudziko rinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti "Remekedza Rusununguko Rwako" chitupa chinogona kuwanikwa chete nemudziyo umo software yese inopihwa inofanirwa kuve yemahara, kusanganisira firmware yakarodha uchishandisa iyo huru CPU. Panguva imwecheteyo, firmware inoshandiswa pane yakawedzerwa yakadzamidzirwa processors inogona kuramba yakavharwa, kana isingarevi zvigadziriso mushure mekunge mudziyo wawira mumaoko emutengi. Semuenzaniso, mudziyo unofanirwa kutumira neBIOS yemahara, asi iyo microcode yakatakurwa nechipset kuCPU, firmware kumidziyo yeI / O, uye gadziriso yemukati yekubatanidza yeFPGA inogona kuramba yakavharwa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anomuka ekuti kana proprietary firmware yakatakurwa panguva yekutanga neiyo inoshanda sisitimu, michina haigone kugamuchira chitupa kubva kuOpen Source Foundation, asi kana iyo firmware yezvinangwa zvakafanana yakatakurwa neyakasiyana chip, mudziyo unogona kupihwa chitupa. Iyi nzira inoonekwa seyakashata, sezvo mune yekutanga kesi firmware inoonekwa, mushandisi anodzora kurodha kwayo, anoziva nezvazvo, anogona kuita yakazvimirira kuchengetedza ongororo, uye inogona kutsiviwa nyore kana yemahara analogue inowanikwa. Muchiitiko chechipiri, firmware ibhokisi dema, izvo zvakaoma kutarisa uye kuvapo kweiyo mushandisi angave asingazivi, achinyepa achitenda kuti software yese iri pasi pekutonga kwake.
Semuenzaniso wekunyengedza kwakanangana nekuwana iyo Respects Your Freedom certificate, iyo Librem 5 smartphone inopihwa, ivo vanogadzira iyo, kuti vawane uye vashandise nekuda kwekutengesa mucherechedzo wekutevedzera zvinodiwa neFree Software Foundation, vakashandisa patsanura processor kutanga midziyo uye kurodha firmware. Mushure mekupedzwa kwedanho rekutanga, kutonga kwakaendeswa kuCPU huru, uye mubatsiri processor akadzima. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chitupa chingadai chakawanikwa zviri pamutemo, sezvo kernel neBIOS zvisina kutakura mabhinari blobs, asi kunze kwekuunza matambudziko asina kufanira, hapana chaizochinja. Sezvineiwo, mukupedzisira matambudziko ese aya aive pasina uye Purism haina kumbokwanisa kuwana chitupa.
Chengetedzo uye kugadzikana nyaya dzinomukawo kubva kuOpen Source Foundation kurudziro yekushandisa iyo Linux Libre kernel uye Libreboot firmware, yakacheneswa mabhurobhu akaiswa muhardware. Kutevera kurudziro idzi kunogona kutungamira kumhando dzakasiyana dzekutadza, uye kuvanza yambiro nezve kudiwa kwekuisa firmware zvigadziriso zvinogona kutungamira kune zvikanganiso zvisina kurongeka uye zvinogona kuitika matambudziko ekuchengetedza (semuenzaniso, pasina kugadzirisa iyo microcode, sisitimu icharamba iri panjodzi yekurwiswa kweMeltdown uye Specter) . Kudzima microcode zvigadziriso zvinoonekwa sezvisina musoro, zvichipihwa kuti yakamisikidzwa vhezheni yeiyo microcode imwechete, iyo ichine kusagadzikana uye zvikanganiso zvisina kugadziriswa, inotakurwa panguva yekutanga chip maitiro.
Chimwe chichemo chine chekuita nekusakwanisa kuwana Respect Your Freedom chitupa chemidziyo yemazuvano (iyo modhi itsva yemalaptops akasimbiswa yakatanga 2009). Certification yemidziyo mitsva inokanganiswa netekinoroji seIntel ME. Semuyenzaniso, Laptop yeFramework inouya neyakavhurika firmware uye yakatarisana nekuzara kwemushandisi kutonga, asi hazviite kuti iyo Yemahara Software Foundation inomboikurudzira nekuda kwekushandiswa kweIntel processors neIntel ME tekinoroji (kudzima Intel Management Injini, iwe. inogona kubvisa ese Intel ME modules kubva ku firmware , isina hukama nekutanga kweCPU, uye kudzima iyo huru Intel ME controller uchishandisa isina kunyorwa sarudzo, iyo, semuenzaniso, inoitwa neSystem76 uye Purism mumalaptops avo).
Muenzaniso ndeyeNovena laptop, yakagadziridzwa zvinoenderana nemisimboti yeOpen Hardware uye inopihwa yakavhurika sosi madhiraivha uye firmware. Sezvo kushanda kweGPU neWiFi muFreescale i.MX 6 SoC kwaida kurodha mabhurobhu, zvisinei nekuti pakanga pasati pave neshanduro dzemahara dzemabhurobhu aya mukuvandudzwa, kuitira kuti vape Novena, Open Source Foundation yaida kuti zvikamu zvivharwe nemagetsi. Mahara ekutsiva akazogadzirwa uye akaitwa kuti awanikwe kune vashandisi, asi certification ingadai yakadzivirira vashandisi kubva kuishandisa sezvo iyo GPU neWiFi, iyo yanga isina yemahara firmware panguva yekupihwa chitupa, yaizofanira kuremara mumuviri kana yatumirwa neRemekedzo Yako. Chitupa cherusununguko . Nekuda kweizvozvo, mugadziri weNovena akaramba kuenda kuRespect Yako Rusununguko chitupa, uye vashandisi vakagamuchira yakazara-yakazara, kwete yakabviswa-pasi mudziyo.
Source: opennet.ru