Nyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwedata remunhu, kubuda kwavo uye kukura kwe "simba" remakambani makuru eIT ari kuwedzera kunetseka kwete chete vashandisi ve network, asiwo vamiriri vemapato akasiyana ezvematongerwo enyika. Vamwe, vakaita seavo vari kuruboshwe, varikukurudzira nzira dzakasimba, kubva pakuita nyika yeInternet kusvika pakushandura hofori dzehunyanzvi kuita ma cooperative. Nezve matanho api chaiwo munzira iyi akadaro "perestroika in reverse" zviri kuitwa munyika dzinoverengeka - mune zvinyorwa zvedu nhasi.
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Dambudziko nderei?
Mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, vatungamiriri vasina kupokana vakabuda mumusika weIT - makambani ane mazita atove mazita emhuri anotora chikamu chikuru (dzimwe nguva chinorema) muchikamu chechikamu cheIT. Google kupfuura 90% yemusika masevhisi ekutsvaga, uye Chrome browser pamakombiyuta 56% yevashandisi. Mamiriro ezvinhu neMicrosoft akafanana - angangoita makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana emakambani ari munharaunda yehupfumi yeEMEA (Europe, Middle East ne Africa) neHofisi 365.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya ane mativi awo akanaka. Makambani makuru anogadzira nhamba huru yemabasa - sei CNBC, Pakati pe2000 ne2018, Facebook, Alphabet, Microsoft, Apple neAmazon vakahaya vanopfuura miriyoni vashandi vatsva. Mabhizinesi akadai anounganidza zviwanikwa zvakakwana kuti aite tsvakiridzo yakakura uye budiriro munzvimbo nyowani, dzimwe nguva dzine njodzi huru, mukuwedzera kumabasa avo epakati. Pamusoro pezvo, makambani ari kugadzira ecosystem yavo, mukati umo vashandisi vanogadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji - ivo vanobva vaodha zvinhu zvese zvinodiwa, kubva kumagirosari kusvika kune zvishandiso, paAmazon. Sekureva kwevanoongorora, panosvika 2021 ichaita hafu yemusika weAmerican e-commerce.
Kuvapo kweIT hofori mumusika kunobatsirawo kune vamwe vatambi vayo - vatengesi vanoita mari pamusika wekutengesa: migove yavo inowanzovimbika uye inounza mari yakagadzikana. Semuenzaniso, apo Microsoft yakasimbisa zvinangwa zvayo zvekutenga GitHub muna 2018, migove yayo pa1,27%.
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Nekudaro, iyo iri kukura pesvedzero yemabhizimusi makuru eIT ndiyo chikonzero chekunetseka. Chikuru ndechekuti makambani anounganidza huwandu hukuru hwe data rega. Nhasi zvave zvekutengesa uye zvinoshandiswa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinangwa - kubva kune yakaoma yekufungidzira analytics masisitimu kusvika kubhanari yakanangwa kushambadzira. Iko kuunganidzwa kwemavhoriyamu makuru e data mumaoko ekambani imwe kunogadzira huwandu hwenjodzi kune vanhuwo zvavo uye mamwe matambudziko kune anotonga.
Autumn 2017 nezve "kuburitswa" kwezvitupa zve3 bhiriyoni maakaundi muTumblr, Fantasy uye Flickr zveYahoo! Mari yese yemuripo iyo kambani inosungirwa kubhadhara ndeye 50 mamiriyoni emadhora. Uye muna Zvita 2019, ruzivo rwekuchengetedza ruzivo dhatabhesi yepamhepo ine mazita, nhamba dzenhare uye zvitupa zvevanoshandisa Facebook miriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa kwete vashandisi chete ivo pachavo, asiwo hurumende dzedzimwe nyika - kunyanya nekuti havagone kudzora data rakaunganidzwa nemakambani eIT. Uye izvi, maererano nevamwe vezvematongerwo enyika, “zvinoparira tyisidziro kuchengeteko yenyika.”
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Kumadokero, mhinduro yakasimba kudambudziko inobva kune vatsigiri vemafambiro akasiyana-siyana ekuruboshwe nekuruboshwe. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vanopa zano rekuita makambani makuru eIT veruzhinji-akavanzika zvimiro kana cooperatives, uye network yepasirese kuti ive yepasirese uye inodzorwa nehurumende (sezvakangoita zvimwe zviwanikwa zvedunhu). Kufunga kwekuruboshwe ndiko kunotevera: kana masevhisi epamhepo akarega kuve "mugodhi wegoridhe" uye otanga kubatwa sedzimba uye masevhisi emunharaunda, kutsvaga purofiti kunopera, zvinoreva kuti kukurudzira "kushandisa" vashandisi vemunhu. data ichaderera. Uye zvisinei nehunhu hwekutanga hunonakidza, kufamba kuenda ku "Internet yakagovaniswa" mune dzimwe nyika yatotanga.
Infrastructure yevanhu
Nyika dzinoverengeka dzatovepo , kugadza kodzero yekuwana Indaneti sechinhu chinokosha. MuSpain, kupinda kuWorld Wide Web kunoiswa muchikamu chimwe chete nefoni. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mugari wese wemunyika anofanira kukwanisa kupinda paInternet, zvisinei nekwaanogara. MuGreece iyi ndiyo kodzero, kazhinji (Chinyorwa 5A).
Mumwe muenzaniso wakadzoka muna 2000, Estonia kuendesa Internet kunzvimbo dziri kure dzenyika - misha nemapurazi. Maererano nevezvematongerwo enyika, World Wide Web chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwevanhu muzana remakore rechiXNUMX uye inofanira kuwanikwa nemunhu wese.
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Tichifunga nezvekukosha kuri kuwedzera kweInternet - basa rairi kuita mukuzadzisa zvidikanwi zvevanhu - nhengo dzekuruboshwe dziri kudaidzira kuti ive pachena, seterevhizheni. Kutanga kwegore rino, bato rekuBritain reLabour Party kuronga shanduko huru kuenda kumahara fiber-optic internet muchirongwa chake chesarudzo. Zvinoenderana nekuverenga kwekutanga, chirongwa ichi chinodhura 20 bhiriyoni mapaundi. Nenzira, vanoronga kukwidza mari yekushandisa kuburikidza nekuwedzera mitero yeInternet hofori se Facebook neGoogle.
Mune mamwe maguta eAmerica, vapeji veInternet ndevehurumende dzenzvimbo uye macooperatives. Kune nzanga dzinosvika mazana mapfumbamwe munyika yavo vega Broadband network - uko zvikamu zvese zvehuwandu pasina kusarudzika zvinokwanisa kuwana yakanyanya-kumhanya Internet. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa -Chattanooga guta muTennessee. Muna 2010, nerutsigiro rwemubatanidzwa wehurumende, zviremera zvakatanga gigabit network yevagari. Nhasi, throughput yakawedzera kusvika gumi gigabits. Iyo itsva fiber optic inobatanawo neChattanooga's power grid, saka vagari vemuguta havachafanirwa kutumira kuverenga kwemamita nemaoko. Nyanzvi dzinoti network nyowani inobatsira kuchengetedza mari inosvika zviuru makumi mashanu emadhora pagore.
Mapurojekiti akafanana akaitwa - semuenzaniso, muThomasville, pamwe nekumaruwa - kumaodzanyemba kweMinnesota. Ikoko, kuwanikwa kweInternet kunopihwa nemupi RS Fiber, inova yemubatanidzwa wemaguta gumi nemapurazi gumi nemanomwe.
Mazano anowirirana nevesocialists anogara achitaurwa pamusoro pehurumende yeUS. Mukutanga 2018, Donald Trump hutongi Iyo 5G network ipfuma yenyika. Sekureva kwevakatanga, nzira iyi ichabvumira kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwenyika, kuwedzera kupikisa kwayo kurwiswa kwecyber uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwehuwandu. Kunyangwe pakutanga kwegore rapfuura zano rekuita nyika zvivakwa . Asi pane mukana wekuti nyaya iyi ichamutswa zvakare mune ramangwana.
Inowanikwa kune wese munhu, yakachipa kana kunyange yemahara kuwana Internet itarisiro inoyedza iyo isingaite kukonzeresa kusatenderwa kubva kune chero munhu. Nekudaro, mukuwedzera kune Hardware uye zvivakwa, software uye maapplication anoramba ari chikamu chakakosha chetiweki. Kana zviri zvekuita navo, vamwe vamiririri vesocialist uye mamwe mafambiro ekuruboshwe vanewo maonero anokosha - tichataura nezvazvo zvakadzama munyaya inotevera.
Panzvimbo tinotungamira . Ikoko tinotaura nezve cloud technologies, IaaS uye kuchengetedzwa kwedata remunhu.
Tinewo chikamu "" Mariri tinokuzivisa nezve zvitsva zvebasa redu.
Tine paHabré (nenhamba huru yekutaura pane zvigadzirwa):
Source: www.habr.com