Memory - , uye zvisinei nekuti yakadzidzwa kwenguva yakati rebei, kune dzakawanda dzenhema - kana kuti dzinenge dzisiri dzechokwadi - pfungwa pamusoro payo.
Tichakuudza pamusoro pevanonyanya kufarirwa navo, uye nei zvisiri nyore kukanganwa zvese, chii chinoita kuti "tibe" ndangariro dzemumwe munhu, uye kuti ndangariro dzenhema dzinokanganisa sei hupenyu hwedu.
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Photographic memory ndiko kugona "kurangarira zvese"
Photographic memory ipfungwa yekuti munhu chero nguva anogona kutora mhando yekukurumidza "snapshot" yechokwadi chakatenderedza uye mushure menguva yakati "ibvise" kubva kudzimba dzepfungwa dzakasimba. Chaizvoizvo, ngano iyi yakavakirwa pa (zvakare nhema) pfungwa yekuti ndangariro dzevanhu dzinoramba dzichirekodha zvese izvo munhu anoona zvakamupoteredza. Iyi ngano yakagadzikana uye yakatsiga mutsika dzemazuva ano - semuenzaniso, yaive chaiyo nzira iyi ye "mnemonic kurekodha" yakatungamira pakuonekwa kweiyo yakakurumbira vhidhiyo tepi yakatukwa kubva kuKoji Suzuki akatevedzana ezvinyorwa "The Ring".
Mu "Ring" muchadenga, izvi zvingava zvechokwadi, asi muchokwadi chedu, kuvapo kwe "zana muzana" yemifananidzo yemifananidzo haisati yasimbiswa mukuita. Memory ine hukama hwepedyo nekugadzira kugadzirisa uye kunzwisisa kweruzivo; kuzviziva uye kuzvizivisa kune simba rakasimba pandangariro dzedu.
Naizvozvo, masayendisiti haana chokwadi nezve zvirevo zvekuti mumwe munhu anogona "kurekodha" kana "mufananidzo" chokwadi. Zvinowanzobatanidza maawa ekudzidziswa uye kushandiswa kwemnemonics. Uyezve, nyaya yekutanga ye "photographic" memory inotsanangurwa musayenzi .
Tiri kutaura nezvebasa raCharles Stromeyer III. Muna 1970, akaburitsa zvinyorwa mujenari Nature nezvemumwe Elizabeth, mudzidzi weHarvard aikwanisa kubata nemusoro mapeji enhetembo mumutauro usingazivikanwe nekungotarisa. Uye zvakatonyanya - kutarisa neziso rimwe pamufananidzo we10 dots, uye zuva rakatevera nerimwe ziso pamufananidzo wechipiri wakafanana, akakwanisa kubatanidza mifananidzo yese mukufungidzira kwake uye "kuona" matatu-dimensional autostereogram.
Ichokwadi, vamwe varidzi veyeuko yakasarudzika vaisagona kudzokorora kubudirira kwake. Elizabeth pachake haana kutora bvunzo zvakare - uye mushure mechinguva akaroora Strohmeyer, izvo zvakawedzera kusahadzika kwevasayendisiti nezve "kuwanikwa" kwake uye vavariro.
Pedyo nengano yephotographic memory eideticism -Kugona kubata uye kubereka zvakadzama zvinoonekwa (uye dzimwe nguva zvinonakidza, zvinobata, zvinonzwika uye zvinonhuhwirira) mifananidzo kwenguva yakareba. Zvinoenderana nehumwe humbowo, Tesla, Reagan naAivazovsky vaive neyakasiyana-siyana ndangariro; mifananidzo ye eidetics zvakare yakakurumbira mutsika dzakakurumbira - kubva kuLisbeth Salander kuenda kuChiremba Strange. Nekudaro, ndangariro dze eidetics zvakare haisi mechaniki - kunyangwe ivo havagone "kudzosera rekodhi" kune chero nguva yekupokana uye kuona zvese zvakare, mune zvese zvese. Eidetics, sevamwe vanhu, inoda kubatanidzwa mupfungwa, kunzwisisa nyaya, kufarira zviri kuitika kuyeuka - uye mune iyi nyaya, ndangariro yavo inogona kupotsa kana kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinhu.
Amnesia kurasikirwa zvachose kwendangariro
Iyi ngano inokurudzirwawo nenhau dzepop tsika - gamba-akabatwa neamnesia kazhinji, semugumisiro wechiitiko chacho, anorasikirwa zvachose nekurangarira kwake kwekare, asi panguva imwecheteyo anotaurirana akasununguka nevamwe uye kazhinji anonyatsogona kufunga. . Muchokwadi, amnesia inogona kuzviratidza munzira dzakawanda, uye iyo inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa iri kure neyakajairwa.
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Semuenzaniso, ne retrograde amnesia, murwere angasayeuka zviitiko zvakatangira kukuvara kana kurwara, asi kazhinji anochengeta chiyeuchidzo cheruzivo rwe autobiographical, kunyanya nezvehudiki nekuyaruka. Muchiitiko che anterograde amnesia, munhu akabatwa, pane zvinopesana, anorasikirwa nekukwanisa kuyeuka zviitiko zvitsva, asi, kune rumwe rutivi, anoyeuka zvakaitika kwaari asati akuvadzwa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu apo gamba risingakwanisi kuyeuka chero chinhu pamusoro pezvakaitika kare zvingave zvine chokuita ne dissociative disorder, somuenzaniso, mamiriro ezvinhu. . Muchiitiko ichi, munhu haayeuki chero chinhu pamusoro pake uye hupenyu hwake hwekare, uyezve, anogona kuuya nehupenyu hutsva uye zita rake pachake. Chikonzero cherudzi urwu rweamnesia kazhinji hachisi chirwere kana kukuvara kwetsaona, asi zviitiko zvechisimba kana kushushikana kwakanyanya - zvakanaka kuti izvi zviitike kazhinji muhupenyu kupfuura mumafirimu.
Nyika yekunze haikanganisi ndangariro dzedu
Uyu ndiwo mumwe mufungo usina kururama, uyowo unovamba mumurangariro wokuti ndangariro yedu nenzira yakarurama uye inonyora nguva dzose zvinoitika zvinoitika kwatiri. Pakutanga kuona, zvinoratidzika kuti izvi ndezvechokwadi: chimwe chiitiko chakaitika kwatiri. Takazvirangarira. Zvino, kana zvichidikanwa, tinogona "kubvisa" chikamu ichi kubva mundangariro dzedu uye "kutamba" sechikamu chevhidhiyo.
Zvichida kuenzanisa uku kwakakodzera, asi kune imwe "asi": kusiyana nefirimu chaiyo, iyi clip ichachinja kana "yakaridzwa" - zvichienderana nechiitiko chedu chitsva, nharaunda, mafungiro epfungwa, uye hunhu hwevanopindirana. Muchiitiko ichi, hatisi kutaura nezvenhema nemaune - zvingaratidzika kumurangariri kuti ari kutaura nyaya imwe chete nguva dzose - nzira iyo chinhu chiri chose chakaitika chaizvoizvo.
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti chiyeuchidzo hachisi chemuviri chete, asiwo chivakwa chemagariro. Patinorangarira nekuudza zvimwe zvikamu zvehupenyu hwedu, tinowanzozvigadzirisa tisingazive, tichifunga nezvezvido zvevanotitaurira. Uyezve, tinogona "kukwereta" kana "kuba" ndangariro dzevamwe vanhu - uye isu tiri nyanzvi pazviri.
Nyaya yekukwereta ndangariro iri kuongororwa, zvikuru nenyanzvi dzesainzi paSouthern Methodist University muUSA. Mune chimwe chazvo Zvakaonekwa kuti chiitiko ichi chakapararira - inopfuura hafu yevakabvunzwa (vadzidzi vekukoreji) vakacherechedza kuti vakanga vasangana nemamiriro ezvinhu apo mumwe munhu wavanoziva akadzokorora nyaya dzake pachake mumunhu wekutanga. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vamwe vakapindura vaiva nechivimbo chokuti zviitiko zvaitaurwazve zvakaitika kwavari uye hazvina βkunzwika.β
Memories haigoni kukweretwa chete, asiwo yakaumbwa - iyi ndiyo inonzi ndangariro yenhema. Muchiitiko ichi, munhu ane chokwadi chokuti akayeuka izvi kana kuti chiitiko chacho nenzira yakarurama - kazhinji izvi zvine chokuita nediki, nuances kana chokwadi chega. Somuenzaniso, unogona "kurangarira" nechivimbo kuti shamwari yako itsva akazvizivisa sei saSergei, asi chaizvoizvo zita rake ndiStas. Kana kuti "rangarira chaizvo" kuti vaiisa sei amburera mubhegi (ivo vaida kuiisa, asi vakavhiringidzika).
Dzimwe nguva chiyeuchidzo chenhema chinogona kunge chisingakuvadzi: chinhu chimwe "kurangarira" kuti wakanganwa kudyisa katsi, uye imwe kuzvisimbisa kuti wapara mhosva uye kuvaka "ndangariro" dzakadzama dzezvakaitika. Boka ramasayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeBedfordshire muEngland riri kudzidza idzi mhando dzendangariro.
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Mune imwe yake vakaratidza kuti ndangariro dzenhema dzemhosva yaipomerwa hadzingovapo chete - dzinogona kugadzirwa mukuedza kunodzorwa. Mushure mezvikamu zvitatu zvebvunzurudzo, 70% yevatori vechikamu "vakabvuma" kuti vakarova kana kuba pavakanga vachiri kuyaruka uye "vakayeuka" tsanangudzo ye "mhosva" dzavo.
Ndangariro dzenhema inzvimbo nyowani yekufarira masayendisiti; kwete chete masayendisiti ezvepfungwa uye nyanzvi dzepfungwa, asiwo matsotsi ari kuzvigadzirisa. Ichi chimiro chendangariro chedu chinogona kujekesa kuti sei uye nei vanhu vachipa humbowo hwenhema uye nekuzvipa mhosva - hapasi nguva dzose vavariro yakaipa kumashure kweizvi.
Memory inobatanidzwa nekufungidzira uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu, inogona kurasika, kudzokororwa, kubiwa uye kugadzirwa - zvichida chokwadi chaicho chakabatana nendangariro yedu inoshanduka kuva isiri shoma, uye dzimwe nguva inonakidza, kupfuura ngano uye kusanzwisisa nezvazvo.
Zvimwe zvinhu kubva kublog yedu:
Mafambiro edu emifananidzo:
Source: www.habr.com