mufananidzo - roboconstructor.ru
Mumwe mufananidzo unozivikanwa zvikuru unoti apo amai vechidiki vakagumbatira mwana mumaoko vobvunza shasha yavaifanira kutanga kurera mwana wavo pazera ripi, murume mukuru akapindura kuti akanga anonoka nemakore sezvo mwana akanga atova. . Mamiriro ezvinhu pakusarudza basa remangwana akafanana chaizvo. Zvakaoma kukumbira kuziva zvido zvemunhu uye zvaanoda kubva kumucheche, asi atova kuchikoro chesekondari marudzi ose ehunyanzvi anotanga, uye panguva ino zvingava zvakanaka kutoziva kuti ndeipi nzira yekufambisa mwana akura. Asi chinhu chimwe chatinotoziva nezvechokwadi ndechekuti mumakumi emakore anotevera, kubva pamakumi matatu kusvika makumi masere muzana ehunyanzvi huchave hwakazara otomatiki.
Robotics, cybernetics, uye kunzwisisa algorithms seti yehunyanzvi iyo, sezvingabvira, munhu haazotarisana netarisiro isina kujeka yakadaro. Ehe, kazhinji, pamwe chete nekutsiviwa kwevashandi nemarobhoti, pfungwa yekuwana mari isingaverengeki inozokura zvakare, asi hazvigoneke kuti iwe unoda ramangwana rakadaro kumwana wako.
Ikozvino kune nzira dzakawanda dzekukurumidza kuratidza vateereri vaduku uye vanofarira zvidzidzo zvepurogiramu uye robotics. Ese akachipa, ari nyore kudzidza, uye mukati memaawa mashoma anopa kunzwisisa kwezvakagadzika zvealgorithms uye pfungwa dzecybernetic zvishandiso. Asi mudzimba dzekudzidzira zviri nyore kusangana nekuipa kwemapuratifomu aya - kushomeka kushomeka (uye ngatitarisei, "idiot resistance" futi) yemabhodhi echingwa, masoftware interfaces asina hushamwari kune vana vane makore 11-12, uye diki. "mutambo" chinhu.
Mugadziri ane mukurumbira wemaseti edzidzo, LEGO Dzidzo, anga achinetsekana nekukanganisa kwese uku kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri. Isu tiri, hongu, kutaura nezve MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 chikuva. Kubva kuMindstorms RCX yakagadzirwa mukutanga 90s kusvika kune yazvino MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 yakaoma, musimboti wekuumbwa kwepuratifomu unoramba wakafanana. Inobva pa "chidhinha chakangwara", microcomputer ine skrini uye I / O ports iyo zvimwe zvikamu zvose zvakabatanidzwa. Sezvinei mune chero marobhoti system, peripheral zvishandiso zvakakamurwa kuita masensa uye zvigadziriso. Nerubatsiro rwemasensa, iro robhoti rinoona nyika yakaitenderedza, uye nekuda kwevanoita, rinoita kwairi maererano neyakarongwa chirongwa. Zvikamu zvepuratifomu zvakabatanidzwa pamwe chete netambo dzakareruka pasina soldering, uye zvigadziro zvemagetsi zvinongogumira chete nesimba rezvikamu zvepurasitiki uye fungidziro yevagadziri.
Takafunga nezvemikana yemhinduro dzakadaro kazhinji, asi ikozvino tinoda kugara mune zvakadzama nezve LEGO MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3.
EV3
LEGO MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 yakagadzirwa kuti ienderane neLego Technic zvikamu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti puratifomu inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana siyana uye kunyange anoshamisa madhizaini, kubva nyore "mota" uye "maoko emarobhoti" kune akaomarara conveyors kana kunyange "Rubik's cube solvers." Inenge chero Lego Technic seti inogona kushandiswa sesosi yezvikamu zvemapurojekiti, uye hapazove nedambudziko rekutsiva zvakakuvadzwa zvimedu. Hongu, havataridzi sehutsinye seyekare yeSoviet aluminiyamu yekuvaka kit, asi mukuita vanoshanduka kuva yakasimba kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvesimbi. Zvirinani mumuunganidzwa wangu, wakatanga muna 1993, hapana kana chikamu chimwe chakatyoka chave kuwanikwa.
Iyo MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 Basic Educational Set inouya ne541 Lego Technic zvidimbu. Inogona kutengwa seyakasarudzika sosi seti (kana mukuru 9648, akagadzirirwa NXT), kana ingori hombe mhando yekuvaka (2800 zvikamu) kana (inenge 4000 zvikamu), uye, watamba zvakakwana nemuenzaniso mukuru, shandisa se "zvidhinha" zvekuongorora kwe-cybernetic. Panyaya yechidimbu chimwe, Lego iri pamberi pemamwe seti pano - chete 3-5 rubles pachidimbu.
Zvakanaka, kana mumwe munhu ane muunganidzwa wekare unosanganisira makumi ezviuru zvezvikamu, saka haufanirwe kunetseka nezve zviwanikwa zvachose.
Screenshot kubva kuBrickset sevhisi (iyo inodyidzana dhatabhesi yevaridzi veLego kits yekuvaka iyo inokutendera kuti utore akasiyana manhamba) nemunyori.
Nekudaro, izvi zvinongoshanda kune "passive" zvinhu zvakaita sematanda, mavhiri kana mapini ekubatanidza. Sensors uye maitirwo, hongu, anodhura zvakanyanya, asi kune akawanda kupfuura akaringana iwo mune yekutanga kit. Mindstorms EV3 inouya yakazara nemamotor matatu (maviri akakura uye ane simba uye imwe compact servo), peya yekubata sensors (rudzi rwe "smart" mabhatani), ultrasonic, gyroscopic uye color sensors (inogona zvakare kushanda muchiedza sensor mode) . Uyezve, kugarisana nema sensors kubva kuchizvarwa chekare cheLego Dzidzo marobhoti, Mindstorms NXT, inochengetedzwa (izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, ruzha level sensor).
Asi ngatidzokere ku "smart brick", mwoyo wegadziriro. Chokwadi ichi "chidhinha" chinorema uye chakakura, chine 178x128 monochrome LCD skrini (kwete chete menyu inoratidzwa pairi, asiwo marudzi ese emifananidzo yakajairwa panguva yekushanda) ine inoshanduka backlight color. Kushandisa waya neyakajairwa RJ-12 chinongedzo, masensa uye zvigadziriso zvakabatanidzwa kwairi (kusvika kumidziyo mina yemhando yega yega), pane slot ye microSDHC uye USB port.
Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kushandiswa zvese kurodha zvirongwa ivo pachavo uye kugadzirisa iyo firmware. Nekudaro, iyo microcontroller haina kunyimwa isina waya nzvimbo; kana uchida, unogona kurodha zvirongwa kuburikidza neWi-Fi (inoda yekunze module) kana Bluetooth (yakavakirwa-mukati). Uyezve, kana tiri kuunganidza robhoti rinotungamirirwa kure, tinogona "kuritungamirira" tichishandisa kutaurirana kusina wireless kubva kune smartphone kana tablet.
Mukati me "smart brick" inogara 300 MHz ARM processor, 16 megabytes yekusingaperi ndangariro (uye ndosaka kadhi rinobatsira) uye 64 megabytes ye RAM. Hazvina mhosva kuti nhamba idzi dzingaite senge dzakapfava sei, kune simba rinopfuura rakakwana rekuita kunyange algorithms akawandisa ayo iwe, kana kutonyanya mwana ari mukudzidza, anogona kunyora. Uye kana ukaienzanisa ne48 MHz processor yechizvarwa chakapfuura NXT, ichangobva kusvitsa makore gumi, kufambira mberi kunooneka. Nekudaro, hazvigone kutaurwa kuti NXT inononoka chero zvinooneka mukugadzirisa matambudziko akajairika.
Uyezve, chiteshi chechina chemotor chakaonekwa, icho pachacho chiri kuwedzera kwakakosha kwekushanda kunoruramisa kukwidziridzwa.
Iyo USB port ikozvino inotsigira host mode, izvi zvinokutendera iwe kwete chete kubatanidza Wi-Fi adapta, asiwo kubatanidza akati wandei EV3 zvidhinha murobhoti imwe yakaoma. Ichokwadi, chiyero chemabasa chinova zvachose "kwete chemwana".
Chekupedzisira, MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 ikozvino ine bhatiri rutsigiro. Panzvimbo pemabhatiri eAAA matanhatu, unogona kuisa iyo inosanganisirwa lithium-ion bhatiri kwemaawa maviri nehafu ampere. Ehe, hapana anorambidza kushandiswa kweeneloop-mhando AA mabhatiri, asi kudiwa kwekuabvisa pakuchaja kunoita kuti usability pazasi peavhareji. Uye mutengo wepeya yeaneloop kits ine charger yakanyatso kuenzaniswa nebhatiri rine zita.
Ah hongu, kune hombe, mutauri mukuru uyo ββzvino asingagone kungoridza tunes retro kubva ku8-bit era, asi zvakare kuridza mamwe manzwi anofadza.
Iye zvino ngatitarisei maeffectors kubva kune yekutanga set. Maviri acho mamotor ane simba akafanana neaya atoshandiswa muNXT, oblong zvishandiso zvinogadzira yakakomba torque yekutenda kune yemukati yekudzikisa giya.
Kana iyo mota yakavharwa, mechanical clutch inopihwa, iyo inotanga kutsvedza kana friction yakakura kupfuura yakaverengerwa, saka zvakanyanya kuoma kupisa mota.
Iko kune inotenderera angle sensor ine resolution yeimwe degree (iyo mota inoudza controller pakona ipi iyo axis yayo parizvino yakatenderedzwa) uye kugona kunyatso wiriranisa kutenderera kwemamotor ese akabatana.
Yechitatu, inonzi M-servo drive (yepakati-saizi mota) inoburitsa kakapetwa katatu torque, asi kutenderera kwayo kunosvika kaviri.
Kana ari ma sensors, haufanirwe kugumira kune izvo zvinopihwa ne LEGO Dzidzo (kunyangwe ivo vari padenga rechero chirongwa chedzidzo), akati wandei emakambani echitatu-bato anogadzira anowirirana uye dzimwe nguva akanyanya eexotic sensors. Firmware sosi kodhi uye hardware yakatarwa zvizere .
Software
Takataura zvakawanda nezve Hardware, asi kutaura zvazviri, handicho chete chinhu chinotaridza kushanda kwemakirasi erobhoti. Iko kuvapo kwechokwadi intuitive software pamapuratifomu akawanda (Mac, PC, nharembozha) uye inoita LEGO MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 chikuva chesarudzo chekudzidza, kunyanya pakati pepuraimari nesekondari, yevana vane makore gumi.
App yekugamuchira sikirini pane iPad
Kuona kwealgorithms mune yekuzvarwa LEGO MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 software ingori padanho repamusoro - mumaminetsi mashoma zvinokwana kugona mhando huru dzekudyidzana kwezvivharo zvine musoro (shanduko mamiriro, loop, nezvimwewo) uye wozowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuoma kwezvirongwa. Ehe, kune akagadzirira-akagadzirwa edzidzo mapurojekiti emakumi emhando dzakasiyana dzemarobhoti, uye kana uchida, iwe unogona kuwana zviuru zvezvirongwa zvinonakidza munharaunda dzepamhepo.
Muenzaniso chirongwa mune iPad application
Vashandisi vepamberi vanogona kuisa LabVIEW kana RobotC - iyo "brains" yeLEGO MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 inoenderana zvizere nemapakeji aya. Nehurombo, hazvizogone kutumira kunze mapurojekiti ekare eNXT pasina imwe shanduko.
Kubva pamaonero edzidzo, inofarira zvikuru . Zvinokutendera kuti uchengete zvinyorwa zvemagetsi zvevadzidzi, nekuda kwekuti mudzidzisi anogona kuongorora kubudirira kwemumwe mudzidzi kubva mushanduro yake yechishandiso uye kutarisa kufambira mberi kwake. Uyezve, haugone kushandisa kwete chete zvinhu zvekudzidzisa zviripo pabhodhi software (iyo ine akawanda), asi zvakare gadzira yako uchishandisa yakavakirwa-mukati yemukati mupepeti.
EV3 Zvemukati Edhita zvidzidzo zvevhidhiyo
Iyo desktop vhezheni zvakare ine data yekurekodha utility ine kugona kuronga magirafu nzvimbo zvichienderana nezvikumbaridzo kukosha. Ndiko kuti, ikozvino mudzidzisi anogona kuratidza zviri nyore kushanda kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano mukati meimba yakangwara, semuenzaniso.
Iyo EV3 microcomputer inounganidza data kubva kuma sensors munguva chaiyo uye, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushisa, tanga imwe kana imwe modhi chirongwa. Kana kutonhora kuchikwira, fan inotendeuka, uye kana kutonhora kwakaderera, hita inotendeuka. Uye vadzidzi vachakwanisa kurekodha uye kuongorora data, kupedzisa modhi.
Data Logging
Kuvhurika kweiyo "smart brick" firmware yakatotamba basa rayo: kune dzimwe sarudzo dzinotsigira inonyanya kufarirwa mitauro yehurongwa (mazhinji acho). Kakawanda, kushandiswa kweEV3 kunogona "kunamatira" kune chero chirongwa chedzidzo chine chekuita nehurongwa, nekuti zvinhu zvishoma zvinofadza semukana wekuona basa realgorithms yako "mu Hardware."
Vazhinji vanotarisira kuti chigumbuso munyaya iyi chingava mutengo. Zvechokwadi, nokuda kweBasic set unofanira kubhadhara 29 rubles, uye imwe 900 yekuchaja. Nekudaro, mari iyi inosanganisira zvikamu uye zvemagetsi zvebasa rakasununguka revadzidzi vaviri, pamwe neakazara-yakazara basic software ine 2 yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa zvidzidzo (iyo kubva muna Ndira 500 yakasununguka zvachose kune vese vanhu nemasangano). Ehe, zvimwe zvekushandisa uye mamisheni kits zvinogona kuwedzera mutengo, asi mukati mechikonzero. Saka kit yevadzidzi vasere, inosanganisira yekutanga uye zviwanikwa seti LME EV48, majaja, software uye , inodhura 174 900. Inogamuchirwa zvakakwana pakushongedza, semuenzaniso, denderedzwa kuchikoro.
Ehe, inodhura zvakanyanya pane yakapusa Arduino-senge mapuratifomu. Asi mikana, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwekubatanidzwa, yakakwirira zvikuru. Iyo EV3-based curriculum inogona kurongwa zvakachengeteka mukati mechikoro chesekondari uye kupfuura. Pamusoro pezvo, nekushandiswa kwakakwana kweLEGO MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 inongo "kurarama" akati wandei makiti akareruka nekuda kwehunhu hwemuchina, kutsiva nyore uye kuwanikwa kwezvikamu (mukuita kwangu, tambo imwe chete yeRJ-12 inoda kutsiviwa mumakore gumi- yekare NXT).
Nekuda kweizvozvo, tinoona inenge yakavhurika-sosi purojekiti inotsigirwa nekambani hofori ine ese mabhonasi anodiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai - kutenderera kwehupenyu hurefu, kuwanikwa kwezvimedu uye mawedzero, vatungamiriri vepamutemo uye veamateur, nharaunda yakasimukira. Madutu epfungwa atova chiyero mumakirasi ekuMadokero edzidzo marobhoti evana, uye zvingave zvakanaka kuiona ichigamuchirwa zvakanyanya muRussia.
Kusarudza nzira
Uye zvino kune chinhu chikuru. Kusiyana neWeDo 2.0 seti, EV3 yakanangana nechikoro chesekondari, uye nekudaro kune vana vakura, avo nyaya yekusarudza basa remangwana yakanyanya kuoma.
Uchishandisa EV3, mudzidzi wega wega achakwanisa kuburitsa pachena hunyanzvi hwaive maari nemasikirwo, kurerwa uye maitiro edzidzo.
Nyanzvi yemasvomhu inozvarwa inonyatso tarisisa telemetry yemasensa, kuti nhambwe yakafambwa nerobhoti inorekodhwa sei, iyo kona yainotsauka inorekodhwa sei, zvichingodaro.
Iyo ramangwana IT nyanzvi, hongu, ichazvinyudza mukugadzira robhoti, ichiongorora maalgorithms ayo anofamba nawo. Uye iye achasika zvake pachake, asina kugoverwa nemirayiridzo yakajairwa.
Mwana anofarira zvefizikisi achakwanisa kuita zviedzo zvekuona achibatsirwa nerobhoti; nerufaro, seti hadzina matambudziko nemasensa, sekunge mwana asina matambudziko nekufungidzira.
Pakazere, zvisinei kuti ndezvipi zvinofarirwa nemwana wako uye zvidzidzo zvaunofarira kuchikoro, kudzidza neMINDSTORMS EV3 seti kunovabvumira kunyatsojekeswa uye kunangana nekukura kwavo mune ramangwana.
Muhupenyu
Parizvino, mhinduro dzekambani dziri kutoshandiswa nevadzidzi kugadzira mapurojekiti anonakidza, ese sechikamu chemakwikwi akasiyana uye ebudiriro. Vezvenhau vakanyora nezvevanoverengeka vavo gore rino.
Vana vechikoro cheAstrakhan, Ruslan Kazimov naMikhail Gladyshev, vari paregional tekinoroji park, vakagadzira robhoti simulator yekudzoreredza majoini emaoko.
mufananidzo - rg.ru
Vechisere-giredhi vakapedza isingasviki mwedzi miviri vachigadzira simulator. Vakapa chirongwa chavo pachikamu chenharaunda cheIX All-Russian makwikwi emapurojekiti esainzi uye matsva muSouthern Federal District, kwavakatora nzvimbo yechipiri. Mune ramangwana, vanoronga kugadzira prototype yemaindasitiri - parizvino, vanogadzira vari kungopa prototype yakagadzirwa kubva kuLEGO MINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 yekudzidzisa marobhoti.
Chishandiso chinodzokorora mafambiro anoitwa nachiremba - majoini anotanga kushanda, nekudaro kudzoreredza kufamba kwete ivo chete, asiwo mapoka emhasuru. Nepo midziyo yakabatana kuburikidza neBluetooth, mune ramangwana vanozotaurirana vachishandisa Indaneti kana Wi-Fi.
Pane analogues echigadzirwa chakadaro pamusika, asi mudziyo weAstrakhan unogona kushanda panguva imwe chete nepfudzi, wrist uye majoini egokora. Uyezve, inotakurika uye inoshanda nebhatiri. Pane zvakare mukana wekudzora kure, ndiko kuti, murwere anogona kudzidzisa asina kubva pamba.
PaWorld Robotics Olympiad 2015 (WRO 2015), chikwata cheRussia DRL kubva kuSt.
Chikwata cheRussia DRL chakapa chirongwa cheCaveBot. Guys kubva kuSt. Petersburg, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemurairidzi Sergei Filippov, yakagadzira yakasarudzika robotic muongorori kuti awane nzvimbo dzisina kuongororwa mumapako. Iyo budiriro inovhara akasiyana siyana sainzi minda, sezvo yakasarudzika robhoti inoita kuti zvikwanise kuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana akaoma kunzwisisa.
Chikwata chakavaka robhoti rekukwira rakashongedzerwa nemasensa akasiyana siyana kuona zvinhu zvekuzoongorora. Iyo data inoguma inogona kushandurwa kuita 3D mhando pakombuta.
Uye Shubham Banerjee ane makore gumi nematatu akagadzira Braille yakagadzirwa kubva kuLEGO zvidimbu zvepurojekiti yesainzi yechikoro. Gare gare, nekutora chikamu kwemhuri yake, yekutanga yakagadzirwa kuti itange kugadzirwa, iyo yakagamuchira rutsigiro rwemari kubva kune tekinoroji corporation Intel.
(Mufananidzo: Marcio Jose Sanchez, AP)
Pfungwa yekugadzira printer yakauya kuna Shubham mushure mekutsvaga Braille paInternet. Aona kuti maprinta ekutaipa anodhura $2,000 zvichikwira, mudzidzi akafunga kugadzira shanduro yakachipa.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekugadzirwa, vana mapofu nevabereki vavo vakatanga kubata Shubham nechikumbiro chimwe chete - kugadzira printer yeBraille isingadhuri, vachivimbisa "kuitenga kubva pasherufu."
Sezvauri kuona, kushandiswa kweMINDSTORMS Dzidzo EV3 mukuita kwekudzidza kunobvumira vadzidzi kushandisa fungidziro yavo kusvika pakakwirira, vachigadzira mamwe maitiro matsva ayo asingangobatsiri kuona pfungwa kana nekuona kuitisa chero zviedzo, asi zvakare kutanga kusarudza basa ravo remangwana.
Kana iwe uine mibvunzo nezve mashandisirwo ezvigadziriso izvi muchirongwa chedzidzo (kana nezve zvigadzirwa pachazvo), zvinyore mumhinduro.
Source: www.habr.com