Nyaya yakanyorwa kuwedzera pachikumbiro chenharaunda.
Muchinyorwa chino tichanzwisisa mashiripiti enhamba munhamba dzedesimali. Uye funga iyo manhamba kwete chete yakagamuchirwa mukati ESKD (Yakabatana Sisitimu Yedhizaini Zvinyorwa), pamwe nemukati ESPD (Yakabatana System yeChirongwa Chinyorwa) uye KSAS (Seti yezviyero zveotomatiki masisitimu), sezvo Harb inonyanya kuve neIT nyanzvi.
Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveESKD, ESPD uye KSAS zviyero, chigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe (chirongwa, system) chinofanira kupihwa zita - nhamba yedesimali.
Kusarudzwa kunopiwa maererano nemitemo yakagadzwa mumitemo. Izvi zvakagadzirwa nevanhu vekare kuti vabatane uye kurerutsa kuzivikanwa kwezvigadzirwa uye zvinyorwa, kuchengetedza marekodhi uye dura.
Ngatinzwisisei nzira iri nyore yekugovera nhamba yedesimali kuti irege kuita setsika yekare, uye nhamba dzakapihwa hadziite senhamba dzemashiripiti.
Kune imwe neimwe seti yezviyero, isu tichafunga nezve maitiro akasiyana.
Unified system yezvinyorwa zvekugadzira
MuESKD, iyo yekududza sisitimu yezvigadzirwa uye zvinyorwa zvavo zvekugadzira inotangwa na .
Chigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe chine chimiro chayo chakasiyana.
Chigadzirwa chezita chinogona kugoverwa nenzira mbiri:
- centralized - mukati megadziriro yehurongwa hwakatemwa nehushumiri, dhipatimendi, mukati meindasitiri;
- decentralized - maererano nemitemo yakagamuchirwa musangano rekusimudzira.
Chimiro chechimiro chechigadzirwa uye gwaro guru rekugadzira rinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
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| Mufananidzo 1 - Chigadzirwa chekutsvaga chimiro |
Iyo ine manhamba mana alfabheti kodhi yesangano rinogadzira zvinyorwa zvekugadzira, zvine mavara seABC, anopihwa zvinoenderana neCodifier yemasangano ebudiriro.
Kuti uwane kodhi ine manhamba etsamba, sangano rekusimudzira rinofanira kubata . Ndapota cherechedza kuti sevhisi iyi inobhadharwa. Semuenzaniso: Bhizinesi reNVP "Bolid" rine mabhii mana-manhamba kodhi yesangano rekuvandudza "ACDR", CJSC "Bastion" - "FIASH".
Kune zvigadzirwa zvevagari vemo, pachinzvimbo chemavara mana-manhamba kodhi, inotenderwa kushandisa kodhi kubva kuAll-Russian Classifier yeMabhizinesi neMasangano () dhizaini bhizinesi. Iyo OKPO kodhi (masere- kana gumi-nhamba-nhamba) chinhu chinosungirwa kune chero sangano uye chinoshanduka chete kana bhizinesi rachinja gwara uye zvakanangana nebasa raro, zvikasadaro rinoramba riripo kwehupenyu hwese hwekambani.
Iyo dhizaini yehunhu kodhi inopihwa kune chigadzirwa uye dhizaini gwaro zvinoenderana nemhando yezvigadzirwa uye magwaro edhizaini emakanika engineering uye kugadzira chiridzwa (ESKD Classifier). MuRussia Federation kune "All-Russian Classifier yeZvigadzirwa uye Zvinyorwa Zvinyorwa", , isangano rakarongeka remazita emapoka ezvikamu zvezvikamu zvezvinhu - zvigadzirwa zvehukuru uye zvinobatsira kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvese zvehupfumi hwenyika, zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zvehunyanzvi uye makodhi avo uye chikamu chakakosha cheUnified System yeKuronga uye Coding yeTekinoroji. uye Economic Information.
Chimiro chechimiro ndicho chikamu chikuru chekududzwa kwechigadzirwa uye gwaro rekugadzira. Iyo yemhando yemhando kodhi inopihwa zvinoenderana neESKD Classifier uye inhamba ine manhamba-nhanhatu inoteedzana kirasi (manhamba maviri ekutanga), subclass, boka, diki, mhando (imwe digit yega yega). Iyo ESKD classifier inovakwa uchishandisa hierarchical decimal nzira, zvichibva pane zvine musoro shanduko kubva kune general kuenda kune chaiyo museti iri kurongwa.
Chimiro cheiyo classification hunhu kodhi dhizaini ndeiyi inotevera:
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| Fig. 2 - Chimiro cheiyo classification hunhu kodhi |
Iyo classifier inoperekedzwa neyakadzama kurudziro yekutsvaga uye kuona iyo kodhi yemhando yemhando yechigadzirwa.
Semuyenzaniso, iwe unofanirwa kuona iyo yemhando kodhi kodhi yeimwe-chaneru magetsi ekupa magetsi e220V AC, 50Hz, ine yakagadzikana DC inobuda voltage ye12V uye inoshanda simba re60W.
Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kuona nhamba yekirasi mugridi yemakirasi uye madiki nemazita echigadzirwa.
Muchiitiko ichi, kirasi yakakodzera 43XXXX "Microcircuits, semiconductor, electrovacuum, piezoelectric, quantum electronics devices, resistors, connectors, magetsi anoshandura, chechipiri magetsi".
Ikoko iwe unofanirwa kusarudza subclass 436xx "System uye masosi echipiri magetsi ekupa".
Uchishandisa gidhi yemapoka, madiki uye mhando, iwe unofanirwa kuona boka iri mukirasi yakasarudzwa, zvichienderana nehunhu hwechigadzirwa chiri kugadzirwa: 4362XX "Single-channel yechipiri magetsi masosi ane yekuisa imwe-phase alternating voltage", boka diki: 43623X "Nezvinobuda zvinogara zvakadzikama voltage uye zvinobuda paramita" uye ona: 436234 "Simba, W St. 10 kusvika ku100 inosanganisira. voltage, V kusvika ku100 incl..
Saka, iyo kodhi yekodhi yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi e220V AC ine frequency ye50Hz ine yakagadzikana inobuda voltage ye12V DC uye inoshanda simba re60W ichave: 436234.
Iyo serial yekunyoreswa nhamba inopihwa zvinoenderana neiyo dhizaini hunhu kubva 001 kusvika 999 mukati mekodhi yesangano rekuvandudza kana paine decentralized mugove wekudomwa, uye kana iri yepakati mugove - mukati mekodhi yesangano rakagoverwa pakati pebasa.
Semuyenzaniso, iyi nhamba inogona kunge iri serial nhamba yekupinda mukadhi rekunyoresa chigadzirwa. Chimiro uye maitiro ekuchengetedza kadhi rekunyoresa mazita zvinotangwa muGOST 2.201-80.
Saka, kumuenzaniso wakatariswa wekusarudza hunhu hwemhando, zita rechigadzirwa rinogona kutaridzika seizvi:
Kudomwa kwegwaro redhizaini risiri guru rinofanira kunge rine zita rechigadzirwa uye kodhi yegwaro yakagadzwa nemirairo yeESKD, yakanyorerwa kudomwa kwechigadzirwa pasina nzvimbo, yakapihwa zvinoenderana neTafura 3. GOST 2.102-2013 "Mhando uye kukwana kwemagwaro ekugadzira".
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| Mufananidzo 3 - Kusarudzwa kwegwaro risiri guru rekugadzira |
Semuenzaniso, dhizaini yedunhu remagetsi: FIASH.436234.610E3
Dhizaini yechigadzirwa vhezheni uye zvinyorwa muboka uye yakakosha nzira yekushandisa dhizaini magwaro, iyo serial nhamba yevhezheni inowedzerwa kune chigadzirwa kudomwa kuburikidza nehyphen. Mune nzira yeboka rekuita magwaro, kuurayiwa kumwe kunofanirwa kugamuchirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu seyo huru. Chimiro chakadaro chinofanira kunge chine chinyorwa chekutanga chete pasina serial nhamba yekugadzira, semuenzaniso ATsDR.436234.255. Kune mamwe magadzirirwo, nhamba ye serial yedhizaini kubva pa01 kusvika 98 inowedzerwa kune iyo yakakosha kududzira.Semuenzaniso: ATsDR.436234.255-05
Inotenderwa kusarudza shanduro nekuwedzera kwenhamba nhatu dzesiriri nhamba kubva 001 kusvika 999.
Iine huwandu hukuru hwezvigadzirwa zvine maitiro akajairika ekugadzira, zvinotenderwa kushandisa imwezve dhizaini nhamba, iyo yakanyorwa kuburikidza nedoti uye inofanira kunge iri muchimiro chenhamba yenhamba mbiri kunze kwe 00. Chimiro chezita rakadaro. inoratidzwa Mufananidzo 4.
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| Mufananidzo 4 - Kushandiswa kwenhamba yekuuraya uye nhamba yekuwedzera yekuuraya |
Dhizaini dzinoshandisa imwe nhamba inotarwa pamberi pezvimiro zvakasiyana (majasi, maparameter, kutsauka kwavo kwakanyanya, mamiriro ekunze ekushanda, mamwe magadzirirwo echigadzirwa ane zvikamu, nezvimwewo), izvo zvinogoneka kune ese magadzirirwo.
Nhamba yekuwedzera yekuita inofanira kuva nhamba yemanhamba maviri kunze kwe00. Nhamba kana imwe neimwe yenhamba yayo inogona kuratidza chimiro chimwe chete kana seti yezvimiro zvinoenderana.
Zvichangoburwa zvikamu zvezvigadzirwa izvi zvinoenderana nehunhu hwakafanana zvinosarudzwa uchishandisa iyo imwe yekuwedzera shanduro nhamba. Kana zvichidikanwa, zvikamu zvakadaro zvinogona kusarudzwa pasina kushandisa imwe nhamba yekugadzira.
Kana paine imwe nhamba, mavhezheni ese anofanirwa kusarudzwa uchishandisa manhamba-maviri serial nhamba yevhezheni kubva pa01 kusvika 98.
Ordinal uye nhamba dzekuwedzera dzekuuraya dzakaiswa zvakazvimirira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
Padanho rekugadzira yekutanga dhizaini, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ekutanga uye edhizaini dhizaini magwaro agadzwe zvinoenderana neinotevera chimiro:
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| Fig.5 - Kusarudzwa kwezvinyorwa zvekugadzira zvinyorwa |
Unified system yezvinyorwa zvepurogiramu
Zvirongwa zvezvirongwa uye zvinyorwa zvepurogiramu zvakagoverwa maererano nemirairo .
Kudomwa kwezvirongwa nemagwaro kunofanirwa kuve nemapoka evatambi akapatsanurwa nemadoti (mushure meiyo nyika kodhi uye kodhi yesangano rekuvandudza), nzvimbo (mushure meiyo gwaro rekudzokorora nhamba uye gwaro remhando kodhi), uye hyphens (mushure meiyo nhamba yekunyoresa uye gwaro. nhamba yerudzi urwu).
Nzira yekunyoresa yekusarudza zvirongwa uye zvinyorwa zvepurogiramu iri kuumbwa.
Sezvo mu ESKDin ESPD zvinotemerwa kuti kudomwa kwechigadzirwa panguva imwe chete kudomwa kwegwaro rechirongwa chayo - tsanangudzo.
Chimiro chezita rechirongwa uye gwaro rechirongwa chayo - zvirevo zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6.
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| Fig.6 - Chirongwa chekududza chimiro |
Kodhi yenyika inopihwa zvinoenderana nemirairo , nepo sarudzo ye encoding (Latin, Cyrillic kana kodhi yedhijitari) inogadzirwa nemugadziri maererano nemitemo yakagamuchirwa nebhizinesi. Zvinotenderwa kushandisa mabhii mana-manhamba kodhi kana OKPO kodhi seyekuvandudza sangano kodhi.
GOST 19.103 inotaura kuti nhamba yekunyoresa yechirongwa inofanirwa kupihwa zvinoenderana neAll-Union Classifier yeZvirongwa, asi haina kumbobvira yaburitswa, saka inotenderwa kugovera kodhi yakadaro kubva 00001 kusvika 99999 zvinoenderana nematanho akaiswa pa. bhizinesi rakagadzira chirongwa.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kugadzira nhamba yekunyoresa chirongwa, iyo yose-yeRussia classifier yezvigadzirwa nemhando yebasa rehupfumi inoshandiswa .
Iyo serial nhamba yechirongwa edition inofanira kunge iri mufomati kubva pa01 kusvika 99.
Muenzaniso wezita rechirongwa:
- paunenge uchishandisa kodhi ine mavara mana:
- ROF.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- 643.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- paunenge uchishandisa OKPO kodhi:
- ROF.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01
Chimiro chezita remamwe magwaro echirongwa chinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 7:
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| Mufananidzo 7 - Chimiro chekusarudzwa kwemamwe mapepa epurogiramu |
Gwaro rekudzokorora serial nhamba inofanirwa kuve nefomati kubva pa01 kusvika 99. Iyo gwaro remhando yekodhi inopihwa zvinoenderana neTafura 4. . Kana zvichidikanwa, gwaro rinopihwa nhamba yegwaro rerudzi urwu mukukwira kurongeka kubva pa01 kusvika 99, uye chikamu chegwaro nhamba mukukwira kurongeka kubva pa1 kusvika ku9.
Mienzaniso yezita regwaro "Bhuku reMushandi" (yechipiri gwaro rechirongwa ichi, chikamu 3):
- Π ΠΠ€.ΠΠΠΠ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.ΠΠΠΠ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- Π ΠΠ€.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
Iyo yekupedzisira vhezheni yeiyo yakashandiswa yekududza sisitimu yezvirongwa uye zvinyorwa zvechirongwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa nemugadziri mune zvinyorwa zvemukati zvekutonga.
Seti yezviyero zveotomatiki masisitimu
Kuumbwa kweiyo decemal nhamba yeautomated system kunofanirwa kutsvakwa mukati .
Zvinoenderana neGOST, gwaro rega rega rakagadziridzwa rinofanira kupihwa yakazvimirira zita. Gwaro rinoitwa pane vakasiyana vatakuri ve data rinofanira kunge rine zita rakafanana. Tsamba "M" inowedzerwa kune kudanwa kwemagwaro akaitwa pamakombuta media.
Document notation ine chimiro chinotevera:
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| Mufananidzo 8 - Chimiro chezita rezvinyorwa zve automated systems |
Chimiro chezita reiyo automated system kana chikamu chayo chine fomu:
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| Mufananidzo 9 - Chimiro chezita re automated system kana chikamu chayo |
GOST inokurudzira kusarudza kodhi yesangano rekuvandudza zvinoenderana neAll-Union Classifier yeMabhizinesi, Masangano uye Masangano (OKPO) maererano nemitemo yakadzikwa neindasitiri normative uye technical zvinyorwa. Parizvino, haisi iyo-yose-Mubatanidzwa gwaro rakapera nguva rinofanira kushandiswa, asi iyo-yese-yeRussia classifier - OKPO. Izvo zvakare zvinotenderwa kushandisa mabhii mana kodhi kubva kuFederal State Unitary Enterprise "STANDARTINFORM" sekodhi yesangano rekuvandudza.
Iyo system classification code inofanira kusarudzwa kubva , iyo yakatsiva iyo-yese-Union chigadzirwa classifier inotaurwa muGOST 34.201-89, pamwe neyese-yeRussia chigadzirwa classifier (OKP), iyo yakamiswa muna Ndira 01, 2017.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti tifunge kuti iyo classification yemhando kodhi kubva kuOKPD2 inogona kusarudzwa nezita reiyo automation chinhu, semuenzaniso: 26.51.43.120 - magetsi eruzivo masisitimu, kuyera uye komputa macomputi uye kuisirwa kuyera magetsi uye magineti uwandu (ye semuenzaniso, ruzivo rwemagetsi uye chiyero chekuyera chekutengesa magetsi metering (AIIS KUE)), 70.22.17 - bhizinesi process management services (BP ACS); 26.20.40.140 - maturusi ekuchengetedza ruzivo, pamwe chete neruzivo uye telecommunication masisitimu akadzivirirwa achishandisa ruzivo rwekuchengetedza ruzivo (ruzivo rweInternet portals).
Zvakare, GOST 34.201-89 inokurudzira kushandisa ese-Union classifier ye subsystems uye yakaoma yemabasa e automated control system (OKPKZ) kugovera iyo yakatsanangurwa hunhu. Iyi classifier yakarega kushanda muRussian Federation, uye hapana chinotsiviwa chakagadzirirwa icho. Naizvozvo, parizvino hapana imwe nzira yekusarudza maitiro eiyo otomatiki system zvinoenderana neOKPD2.
Iyo serial yekunyoresa nhamba yehurongwa (chikamu chegadziriro) inopihwa nebasa resangano remugadziri, iro rine basa rekuchengetedza kadhi index uye kurekodha mazita. Nhamba dzekunyoresa dzinopihwa kubva pa001 kusvika 999 kune yega yega hunhu kodhi kodhi.
Gwaro rekodhi rine mavara maviri ealphanumeric uye rakapatsanurwa kubva kuhurongwa hwezita nedoti. Iyo kodhi yezvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa nechiyero ichi inoiswa zvinoenderana nekoramu 3 yeTafura 2. Kodhi yezvinyorwa zvekuwedzera inoumbwa sezvizvi: chimiro chekutanga itsamba inoratidza rudzi rwegwaro zvinoenderana neTafura 1, chimiro chechipiri inhamba kana tsamba inoratidza serial nhamba yegwaro rerudzi urwu.
Zvinzvimbo zvakasara zvinosanganisirwa mugwaro zita kana zvichidikanwa.
Nhamba dzemaseri ezvinyorwa zvezita rimwe (mabhii maviri) anopihwa kutanga kubva kune rechipiri uye akapatsanurwa kubva kune yakambodanwa nedoti.
Nhamba yekudzokororwa kwegwaro inopihwa kutanga kubva kune yechipiri mukukwira kurongeka kubva pa2 kusvika pa9, uye inopatsanurwa kubva kune yakare kukosha nedoti. Iyo inotevera edition nhamba inopihwa muzviitiko apo iyo yapfuura edition inochengetwa (isina kukanzurwa).
Nhamba yechikamu chegwaro inopatsanurwa kubva kune yakambodanwa nehyphen. Kana iyo gwaro rine chikamu chimwe chete, ipapo iyo hyphen haina kuiswa uye iyo gwaro chikamu nhamba haina kupihwa.
Hunhu hwegwaro rinoitwa pamidhiya yekombuta rinoiswa kana zvichidikanwa. Vara rekuti βMβ rakapatsanurwa kubva pazita rekutanga nekadonhwe.
Saka, zita rekuti AIIS KUE rinogona kutaridzika seizvi:
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012
Muenzaniso wekusarudzwa kwegwaro "Technological Instructions" (gwaro rechitatu remhando iyi, yechipiri edition, chikamu 5, yakagadzirwa nemagetsi fomu):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
Chimiro dhizaini yeakaomesesa yehunyanzvi nzira (gwaro rega rerudzi urwu sechikamu chepurojekiti, iyo chete edition, muchikamu chimwe, chakaburitswa pabepa):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.S1
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.S1
mhedziso
Inotenderwa kushandisa yakasarudzika yekuzivikanwa sisitimu inogamuchirwa musangano iri kusimukira. Asi zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti pasina tsananguro yakakosha iyi system haizonzwisisike kune chero munhu. Iyo yakatsanangurwa sisitimu yekugovera mazita kune zvigadzirwa uye zvinyorwa zvinoenderana nezviyero zvinogona kutsanangurwa nechero nyanzvi (mugadziri, mugadziri, programmer).
Zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvakashandiswawo pakunyora chinyorwa ichi:
Source: www.habr.com