8.1 Kusika
“Kunyange zvazvo muchina wakadaro uchigona kuita zvinhu zvakawanda uye zvichida zviri nani kupfuura zvatingagona, mune mimwe waizokundikana zvamazvirokwazvo, uye zvaizowanwa kuti hauiti uchiziva, asi nemhaka bedzi yokurongeka kwemitezo yawo.”
- Descartes. Kufunga nezve nzira. 1637
Isu tajaira kushandisa michina yakasimba uye inokurumidza kupfuura vanhu. Asi kusvika pakuuya kwemakombiyuta ekutanga, hapana akaziva kuti muchina unogona kuita chero chinhu chinopfuura nhamba shoma yezviito zvakasiyana. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei Descartes akasimbirira kuti hapana muchina ungave wakagadzira semurume.
“Nepo pfungwa dziri mudziyo wepasi rose, unokwanisa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana, nhengo dzomuchina dzinoda gadziriro chaiyo yechiito chimwe nechimwe chakaparadzana. Nokudaro, hazvifungiki kuti muchina unogona kuva negadziriro dzakawanda kwazvo dzakasiyana-siyana zvokuti unokwanisa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ose oupenyu sezvo pfungwa dzedu dzinotimanikidza kuita chimwe chinhu.” - Descartes. Kufunga nezve nzira. 1637
Nenzira imwe cheteyo, kare kwaidavirwa kuti kwakanga kune mukaha usingakundiki pakati pomunhu nemhuka. Muna The Descent of Man, Darwin anoti: “Vanyori vakawanda vakaomerera pakuti munhu anoparadzaniswa nemhinganidzo isingakundiki nemhuka dzakaderera kana toreva nezvemasimba endangariro.”. Asi anobva ajekesa kuti uyu mutsauko "quantitative, not qualitative".
Charles Darwin: “Iye zvino zvinoratidzika kwandiri sezvinonyatsoratidzwa kuti munhu nemhuka dzepamusoro, kunyanya primates ... vane manzwiro akafanana, mafungiro uye manzwiro; munhu wese ane zvishuwo zvakafanana, rudo uye manzwiro - kunyangwe iwo akaomarara, akadai segodo, fungidziro, makwikwi, kutenda uye rupo ... vane, kunyangwe neakasiyana-siyana, kugona kwekutevedzera, kutarisa, kufunga uye kusarudza; kuva nendangariro, fungidziro, mubatanidzwa wemifungo uye kufunga.”
Darwin anoenderera mberi achiti “vanhu vemarudzi mamwe chete vanomiririra nhanho dzose, kubva paupenzi chaihwo kusvika pakuva noungwaru hukuru” uye anotaura kuti kunyange mhando dzepamusoro-soro dzepfungwa dzevanhu dzinogona kukura kubva mukusiyana kwakadaro - nokuti haaoni zvipingamupinyi zvisingakundiki kune izvi.
"Hazvibviri kuramba, kana, mukana wekukura uku, nekuti tinoona mienzaniso yemazuva ese yekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi uhu mumwana wese uye tinogona kuronda kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mupfungwa dzebenzi rakakwana ... kuenda kupfungwa. weNewton.”.
Vanhu vazhinji vachiri kuwana zvakaoma kufungidzira matanho ekuchinja kubva kumhuka kuenda kupfungwa dzemunhu. Kare, maonero aya airegererwa - vanhu vashoma vaifunga izvozvo shanduko shoma shoma dzemaitiro dzinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kugona kwemichina. Zvisinei, muna 1936, nyanzvi yemasvomhu Alan Turing akaratidza kuti ungagadzira sei muchina “wepasi rose” unogona kuverenga mirayiridzo yemimwe michina uye ipapo, nokuchinja pakati pemirayiridzo iyoyo, wokwanisa kuita zvose zvaigona kuitwa nemichina iyoyo.
Makombiyuta ese emazuva ano anoshandisa nzira iyi, saka nhasi tinogona kuronga musangano, kugadzirisa zvinyorwa kana kutumira mameseji kushamwari tichishandisa mudziyo mumwe. Uyezve, kana tachengeta mirairo iyi mukati michina, zvirongwa zvinogona kuchinja kuitira kuti muchina uwedzere hunyanzvi hwawo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvipimo zvakaonekwa naDescartes zvaive zvisiri zvemuchina, asi zvaive mhedzisiro yenzira dzedu dzechinyakare dzekuvaka kana kuzvironga. Pamuchina wega wega watakagadzira kare, pave paine nzira imwe chete yekuita basa rimwe nerimwe, nepo munhu aine mamwe maitiro kana achinetseka kugadzirisa basa.
Zvisinei, vazhinji vanofunga vachiri kukakavara kuti michina haizombofi yakakwanisa kuwana budiriro dzakadai sekugadzira dzidziso huru kana masimphoni. Pane kudaro, vanosarudza kuti unyanzvi uhwu hunobva kune "matarenda" asina kutsanangurwa kana "zvipo." Zvisinei, unyanzvi uhwu hunova husinganzwisisike kana tikaona kuti unyanzvi hwedu hunogona kunge hwakabva nenzira dzakasiyana dzekufunga. Zvirokwazvo, chitsauko chimwe nechimwe chakapfuura chebhuku rino chakaratidza kuti pfungwa dzedu dzinopa sei dzimwe nzira dzakadaro:
§1. Tinozvarwa tiine zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa.
§2. Tinodzidza kubva kuIprimers uye kubva kushamwari.
§3. Tinodzidzawo zvokusaita.
§4. Isu tinokwanisa kufungisisa.
§5. Tinogona kufanotaura migumisiro yezviito zvekufungidzira.
§6. Isu tinotora pane zvakawanda zvakachengetwa zveruzivo rwepfungwa.
§7. Tinogona kushandura pakati penzira dzakasiyana dzekufunga.
Chitsauko ichi chinokurukura zvimwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti pfungwa dzemunhu dzikwanise kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
§8-2. Tinotarisa zvinhu nemaonero akasiyana.
§8-3. Tine nzira dzekukurumidza kushandura pakati pavo.
§8-4. Tinoziva kudzidza nekukurumidza.
§8-5. Tinogona kunyatsoona ruzivo rwakakodzera.
§8-6. Tine nzira dzakasiyana dzekumiririra zvinhu.
Pakutanga kwebhuku rino, takaona kuti kuzviona semuchina kwakaoma, nekuti hapana kana muchina mumwe chete uripo unonzwisisa zvinoreva, asi unongoita mirairo iri nyore. Vamwe vazivi vanopikisa kuti izvi zvinofanira kuva zvakadaro nokuti michina ine zvinhu, nepo revo iripo munyika yepfungwa, nzvimbo iri kunze kwenyika inooneka. Asi muchitsauko chekutanga isu takakurudzira kuti isu pachedu tidzikise michina nekutsanangura zvinorehwa zvakatetepa zvekuti hatigone kuratidza kusiyana kwavo:
“Kana ukango‘nzwisisa’ chimwe chinhu nenzira imwe chete, haungambochinzwisisa zvachose – nokuti zvinhu pazvinenge zvisina kumira zvakanaka, unorovera madziro. Asi kana iwe uchifungidzira chimwe chinhu nenzira dzakasiyana, pane nguva dzose nzira yekubuda nayo. Unogona kutarisa zvinhu kubva kumakona akasiyana kusvika wawana mhinduro yako!
Mienzaniso inotevera inoratidza kuti kusiyana uku kunoita kuti pfungwa dzevanhu dzigone kuchinja. Uye isu tichatanga nekufungidzira kureba kune zvinhu.
8.2 Kuyera kureba
Unoda maikorosikopu pane ziso here?
Asi iwe hausi mosquito kana microbe.
Sei tichifanira kutarisa, kuzvitongera iwe pachako,
Pamaaphid, tichiregeredza matenga
- A. Papa. Chiitiko pamusoro pemunhu. (yakashandurwa naV. Mikushevich)
Kana wanzwa nyota, unotsvaka chokunwa, uye ukaona mugaba uri pedyo, unogona kungoibata, asi kana mukombe wacho uri kure, unofanira kuenda kwairi. Asi unoziva sei zvinhu zvaunogona kusvika? Munhu asina njere haaone chero dambudziko pano: "Iwe chingotarisa chinhu chacho uone pachiri". Asi Joan paakaona mota yaiuya muchitsauko 4-2 kana kubata bhuku muna 6-1, Ko aiziva sei chinhambwe chaivepo?
Munguva dzechinyakare, vanhu vaifanira kufungidzira kuti chikara chaiva pedyo sei. Nhasi tinongoda kuongorora kana paine nguva yakakwana yekuyambuka mugwagwa - zvisinei, hupenyu hwedu hunotsamira pazviri. Sezvineiwo, tine nzira dzakawanda dzekufungidzira kureba kune zvinhu.
Semuenzaniso, kapu yakajairika saizi yeruoko. Saka ko kana kapu ichizadza nzvimbo yakawanda seruoko rwako rwakatambanudzwa!, ipapo unogona kutambanudza ruoko ndokuitora. Iwe unogona zvakare kufungidzira kuti chigaro chiri kure sei kubva kwauri, sezvo iwe uchiziva chiyero chayo chiyero.
Kunyangwe iwe usingazive hukuru hwechinhu, unogona kungofungidzira nhambwe yacho. Semuenzaniso, kana kubva pazvinhu zviviri zvehukuru hwakafanana chimwe chinotaridzika chidiki, zvinoreva kuti chiri kure. Iyi fungidziro inogona kunge isiriyo kana chinhu chiri modhi kana toyi. Kana zvinhu zvakapindirana, zvisinei nehukuru hwazvo, chiri pamberi chiri pedyo.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana ruzivo rwenzvimbo nezve kuti zvikamu zvepasi zvinovhenekerwa sei kana shaded, pamwe nemaonero uye zvakatenderedza chinhu. Zvakare, zviratidzo zvakadaro dzimwe nguva zvinotsausa; Mifananidzo yemabhuraki maviri pazasi akafanana, asi mamiriro acho anoratidza kuti akasiyana saizi.
Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti zvinhu zviviri zvakarara panzvimbo imwe chete, saka iyo inorara kumusoro iri kure. Maumbirwo akakwenenzverwa anooneka kure kure, sezvinoita zvinhu zvisina kujeka.
Iwe unogona kufungidzira chinhambwe chechinhu nekuenzanisa mifananidzo yakasiyana kubva paziso rega rega. Nekona pakati pemifananidzo iyi, kana ne "stereoscopic" misiyano mishoma pakati payo.
Kana chinhu chiri pedyo newe, chinokurumidza kufamba. Iwe unogona zvakare kuenzanisa saizi nekukasira kwekutarisa kwechiono kuchinja.
Uye pakupedzisira, mukuwedzera kune idzi nzira dzekuona, unogona kufungidzira chinhambwe usingashandisi chiono zvachose - kana wakamboona chinhu, unorangarira nzvimbo yacho.
Mudzidzi: Sei nzira dzakawanda kudai kana mbiri kana nhatu dzakakwana?
Maminiti ese ekumuka tinoita mazana ematongerwo echinhambwe asi tichiri kuda kudonha pasi masitepisi kana kurovera mumagonhi. Imwe neimwe nzira yekufungidzira nhambwe ine zvimhingamupinyi zvayo. Kutarisa kunoshanda chete pazvinhu zviri pedyo - vamwe vanhu havagone kutarisisa kuona kwavo zvachose. Binocular vision inoshanda munzendo refu, asi vamwe vanhu havakwanise kuenderana nemifananidzo kubva paziso rega rega. Dzimwe nzira hadzishande kana mhedziso isingaonekwe kana magadzirirwo uye blur zvisipo. Zivo inoshanda chete kuzvinhu zvakajairika, asi chinhu chingava chehukuru husina kujairika—asi kashoma kuti tiite zvikanganiso zvinouraya nokuti tine nzira dzakawanda dzokutonga daro.
Kana nzira imwe neimwe iine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, ndeipi yaunofanira kuvimba nayo? Muzvitsauko zvinotevera tichakurukura pfungwa dzinoverengeka dzekuti tinokwanisa kushandura nzira dzakasiyana dzekufunga nekukurumidza.
Ndatenda neshanduro katifa sh. Kana iwe uchida kujoina uye kubatsira neshanduro (ndapota nyora mune yako meseji kana email [email inodzivirirwa])
"Zviri mukati meEmotion Machine"
Chitsauko 1. Kuwira murudo
Chapter 2. ATTACHMENTS AND GOALS
Chitsauko 3. KUBVA KURUVA KUSVIKIRA KUTAMBURA
Chapter 4. CONSCIOUSNESS
Chitsauko 5. ZVINHU ZVINOITA MUPFUNGWA
Chitsauko 6. COMMON SENSE [] Chitsauko 7. Kufunga []
Chitsauko 8. Resourcefulness
8‑3. Panalogy
8‑4. Kudzidza kwevanhu kunoshanda sei
8‑5. Chikwereti-Assignment
8‑6. Creativity uye Genius
8‑7. Ndangariro NevamiririChitsauko 9. The Self []
Shanduro dzakagadzirira
Shanduro dzazvino dzaunokwanisa kubatana nadzo
Source: www.habr.com