Sezvo mota ichienderera mberi neshanduko yayo kubva kune hardware-inotyairwa kuenda kune software-inotyairwa, mitemo yemakwikwi muindasitiri yemotokari iri kuchinja zvakanyanya.
Injini ndiyo yaive musimboti wetekinoroji uye weinjiniya wemotokari yezana ramakore rechi20. Nhasi, basa iri riri kuwedzera kuzadzwa nesoftware, yakakura komputa simba uye advanced sensors; hutsva hwakawanda hunosanganisira zvese izvi. Zvose zvinoenderana nezvinhu izvi, kubva pakushanda kwemotokari, kuwana kwavo kuIndaneti uye mukana wekutyaira kwega, kusvika kumagetsi ekufambisa uye mitsva yekufambisa mhinduro.
Nekudaro, sezvo zvemagetsi nesoftware zvichinyanya kukosha, nhanho yavo yekuomarara inowedzerawo. Tora semuenzaniso nhamba iri kukura yemitsara yekodhi (SLOC) iri mumotokari dzemazuva ano. Muna 2010, dzimwe motokari dzaive nemaSLOC angangoita mamiriyoni gumi; pakazosvika 2016, nhamba iyi yakawedzera ka15 kusvika kunosvika mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emitsara yekodhi. Avalanche-sekuoma kwakaoma kunokonzeresa matambudziko akakomba nemhando yesoftware, sezvinoratidzwa neakawanda wongororo yemotokari nyowani.
Mota dzine mwero wakawedzera wekuzvitonga. Naizvozvo, vanhu vanoshanda muindasitiri yemotokari vanoona kunaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwesoftware nemagetsi sezvinodiwa zvakakosha kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Indasitiri yemotokari inofanirwa kufunga zvakare nzira dzechizvino-zvino dzesoftware uye zvemagetsi uye zvemagetsi zvivakwa.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko reindasitiri inotsikirira
Sezvo indasitiri yemotokari inofamba kubva kune hardware-inotyairwa kune software-inotyairwa zvishandiso, avhareji huwandu hwesoftware uye zvemagetsi pamotokari zviri kukurumidza kuwedzera. Nhasi, software inoita 10% yezvese zvirimo zvemota dzechikamu cheD kana mota hombe (inenge $1220). Avhareji yemugove wesoftware inotarisirwa kukura ne11%. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panosvika 2030 software ichaverengera makumi matatu muzana ezvese zvemotokari zvemukati (anenge madhora zviuru zvishanu nemazana maviri). Hazvishamise kuti vanhu vanobatanidzwa mune chimwe chikamu chekuvandudza mota vari kuyedza kubatsirwa nehunyanzvi hunogoneswa nesoftware nemagetsi.
Makambani eSoftware nevamwe vatambi vedhijitari havachadi kusarira kumashure. Ivo vari kuyedza kukwezva vanogadzira mota sevatengesi vekutanga. Makambani ari kuwedzera kutora kwavo chikamu mune yemotokari tekinoroji stack nekubva kune maficha uye maapplication kuenda kune anoshanda masisitimu. Panguva imwecheteyo, makambani akajaira kushanda nemagetsi masisitimu ari kupinda neushingi munzvimbo yetekinoroji uye maapplication kubva kune tech giants. Vagadziri vemota dzekutanga vari kufambira mberi uye vachigadzira avo ega masisitimu ekushandisa, zvekushandisa zvemahara uye masaini kugadzirisa kuti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvive zvakasiyana mune zvakasikwa.
Pane mhedzisiro kune iri pamusoro zano. Ramangwana richaona mota-yakatarisana nekuvaka (SOA) zvichibva pane zvakajairika komputa mapuratifomu. Vagadziri vachawedzera zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvitsva: mhinduro mumunda wekuwana Internet, maapplication, , advanced analytics uye masisitimu anoshanda. Misiyano haizove mumotokari yechinyakare Hardware, asi mushandisi interface uye kuti inoshanda sei nesoftware uye zvemagetsi zvepamberi.
Idzo mota dzenguva yemberi dzichaenda kupuratifomu yemhando nyowani yemakwikwi mabhenefiti.
Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira infotainment innovations, uye hungwaru hwekuchengetedza zvinhu zvinoenderana ne "kutadza-kuchengetedza" maitiro (semuenzaniso, sisitimu inokwanisa kuita basa rayo rakakosha kunyangwe chikamu chayo chikatadza). Software icharamba ichidzika pasi pedhijitari kuti ive chikamu chehardware pasi pechiratidziro che smart sensors. Stacks ichave yakanyatsobatanidzwa uye ichagamuchira mitsva mitsva inofambisa dhizaini kuSOA.
Mafashoni emafashoni anoshandura mitemo yemutambo. Ivo vanopesvedzera software uye zvemagetsi zvivakwa. Aya maitiro anotungamira kuoma uye kupindirana kwehunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, nyowani smart sensors uye maapplication achagadzira . Kana makambani emotokari achida kuramba achikwikwidza, anofanirwa kugadzirisa uye kuongorora data nemazvo. Modular SOA inogadziridza uye pamusoro-the-mhepo (OTA) inogadziridza ichava yakakosha zvinodiwa kutsigira yakaoma software muzvikepe. Izvo zvakakoshawo zvakanyanya pakuitwa kwemhando nyowani dzebhizinesi umo maficha anoonekwa pane zvinodiwa. Pachave nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwe infotainment masisitimu uye, kunyangwe kusvika padiki, yepamusoro . Chikonzero ndechekuti kune akawanda uye akawanda echitatu bato madhizaini ekugadzira anopa zvigadzirwa zvemotokari.
Nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza dhijitari, zano reyakajairwa kuwana kutonga rinomira kunakidza. Yasvika nguva yekuchinjira , yakagadzirirwa kufanotaura, kudzivirira, kuona, uye kudzivirira kubva kukurwisa kwecyber. Sezvo zvakanyanya otomatiki kutyaira (HAD) kugona kubuda, isu tichada convergence yekushanda, epamusoro komputa simba, uye yakakwira nhanho yekubatanidzwa.
Kuongorora gumi fungidziro nezveramangwana magetsi kana emagetsi ekuvaka
Iyo nzira yekuvandudza yezvose zviri zviviri tekinoroji uye bhizinesi modhi haisati yanyatsotsanangurwa. Asi zvichibva pakutsvagisa kwedu kwakadzama uye maonero enyanzvi, takagadzira fungidziro gumi maererano neramangwana remagetsi emagetsi kana emagetsi ekugadzira mota uye zvazvinoreva kuindasitiri.
Kubatanidzwa kwemagetsi control units (ECU) kuchawedzera kuwanda
Panzvimbo pemaECU akati wandei emamwe mabasa (sezviri mune yazvino "wedzera basa, wedzera hwindo" maitiro), iyo indasitiri inoenda kune yakabatana mota ECU dhizaini.
Muchikamu chekutanga, mazhinji ekushanda anozotariswa kune federated domain controllers. Kune epakati mota madomasi, ivo vanozotsiva zvishoma basa riripo parizvino mumaECU akagoverwa. Budiriro dziri kutoitika. Tiri kutarisira chigadzirwa chakapedzwa pamusika mumakore maviri kusvika matatu. Consolidation inowanzoitika mumatura ane chekuita neADAS neHAD mabasa, nepo mamwe mabasa emota akakosha anogona kuchengetedza dhigirii repamusoro rekuisa matunhu.
Tiri kufamba takananga kutyaira kuzvimiririra. Naizvozvo, virtualization yemabasa esoftware uye kubvisa kubva kune Hardware kuchave kwakakosha. Iyi nzira itsva inogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana. Izvo zvinogoneka kusanganisa Hardware kuita mastacks anosangana akasiyana latency uye kuvimbika zvinodiwa. Muenzaniso unogona kunge uri wepamusoro-inoshanda stack inotsigira HAD neADAS mashandiro, uye yakaparadzana yakaderera-latency, inofambiswa nenguva yebasa rekuchengetedza epakati. Kana kuti unogona kutsiva ECU negadziriro imwe chete “supercomputer”. Chimwe chiitiko chinogoneka ndechekuti isu tinosiya zvachose pfungwa yekudzora unit tichifarira smart komputa network.
Shanduko idzi dzinofambiswa zvakanyanya nezvinhu zvitatu: mitengo, vatsva vemusika uye kudiwa kweHAD. Kudzikisa mutengo wekuvandudza chimiro uye inodiwa komputa Hardware, kusanganisira yekutaurirana michina, inomhanyisa maitiro ekubatanidza. Izvi zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa kune vatsva vanopinda mumusika wemotokari vanogona kukanganisa indasitiri nesoftware-centric nzira yekuvaka mota. Iko kukura kuri kudiwa kweHAD kushanda uye kudzokororwa kunodawo dhigirii repamusoro rekubatanidzwa kweECU.
Vamwe premium automaker uye vatengesi vavo vatove nechekuita mukubatanidzwa kweECU. Ivo vari kutora nhanho dzekutanga kugadzirisa yavo yemagetsi zvivakwa, kunyangwe parizvino hapana prototype parizvino.
Indasitiri inozodzikamisa huwandu hwemastacks anoshandiswa kune chaiwo michina
Consolidation tsigiro inogadzirisa iyo stack muganho. Ichaparadzanisa mabasa emotokari uye ECU hardware, iyo inosanganisira kushandiswa kwekushanda kwe virtualization. Iyo Hardware uye firmware (kusanganisira iyo inoshanda sisitimu) zvinoenderana neiyo yakakosha kushanda zvinodiwa kwete kuve chikamu cheiyo mota inoshanda domain. Kuve nechokwadi chekuparadzanisa uye chivakwa-chinotungamirwa nekuvakwa, huwandu hwemastacks hunofanirwa kuve hushoma. Pazasi pane akaturikidzana anogona kugadzira hwaro hwezvizvarwa zvinotevera zvemota mumakore mashanu kusvika gumi:
- Stack inofambiswa nenguva. Munzvimbo iyi, mutongi akabatana zvakananga kune sensor kana actuator, nepo masisitimu anofanirwa kutsigira zvakaomesesa-chaiyo-nguva zvinodiwa uchichengetedza yakaderera latency; kuronga zviwanikwa kunoenderana nenguva. Iyi stack inosanganisira masisitimu anowana yakanyanya mwero wekuchengetedza mota. Muenzaniso ndiyo yekare Automotive Open Systems Architecture (AUTOSAR) domain.
- Nguva uye chiitiko chinofambiswa stack. Iyi hybrid stack inosanganisa yakakwirira-inoita kuchengetedza zvikumbiro nerutsigiro rweADAS uye HAD, semuenzaniso. Zvishandiso uye peripherals zvinopatsanurwa neiyo inoshanda sisitimu, nepo maapplication ari nguva-yakarongwa. Mukati mekushandisa, kurongeka kwezviwanikwa kunogona kuve kwakavakirwa pane nguva kana zvakakosha. Nzvimbo yekushanda inova nechokwadi chekuti mamisheni-akakosha maapplication anomhanya mumidziyo yakasarudzika, ichinyatso patsanura izvi zvikumbiro kubva kune mamwe maapplication ari mumotokari. Muenzaniso wakanaka ndeye adaptive AUTOSAR.
- Chiitiko chinofambiswa stack. Iyi stack inotarisa pane infotainment system, iyo isiri yekuchengetedza yakakosha. Zvishandiso zvinonyatso dhindwa kubva kumaperipherals, uye zviwanikwa zvakarongwa zvichishandiswa zvakakwana kana chiitiko-chakavakirwa kuronga. Iyo stack ine anooneka uye anowanzo shandiswa mabasa: Android, Automotive Giredhi Linux, GENIVI uye QNX. Aya maficha anobvumira mushandisi kuyanana nemotokari.
- Cloud stack. Iyo yekupedzisira stack inovhara kuwana data uye inoronga iyo uye mota inoshanda kunze. Iyi stack ine basa rekutaurirana, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza application (kutendeseka) uye inomisikidza yakananga mota interface, kusanganisira kure diagnostics.
Vatengesi vemotokari uye vanogadzira tekinoroji vakatotanga kuita hunyanzvi mune mamwe mastaki aya. Muenzaniso wepamusoro ndeye infotainment system (inofambiswa nechiitiko stack), uko makambani ari kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana - 3D uye kufambisa kwepamberi. Muenzaniso wechipiri ndewehungwaru hwekunyepedzera uye kunzwa kwepamusoro-kuita maapplication, uko vatengesi vari kubatana nevakakosha automaker kugadzira mapuratifomu emakomputa.
Munzvimbo inofambiswa nenguva, AUTOSAR neJASPAR vanotsigira kumisikidzwa kweaya mastacks.
Middleware ichabvisa zvikumbiro kubva kune Hardware
Sezvo mota dzichiramba dzichichinja dzakananga kumapuratifomu ekombuta, middleware inobvumira mota kuti dzigadziriswe zvakare uye software yavo inoiswa nekuvandudzwa. Mazuva ano, middleware mune yega yega ECU inofambisa kutaurirana pakati pemidziyo. Muchizvarwa chinotevera chemotokari, ichabatanidza iyo domain controller kune yekuwana mabasa. Uchishandisa iyo ECU hardware mumotokari, middleware ichapa abstraction, virtualization, SOA uye kugoverwa komputa.
Patova nehumbowo hwekuti indasitiri yemotokari iri kuenda kune anochinjika zvivakwa, kusanganisira middleware. Semuyenzaniso, iyo AUTOSAR inogadzirisa papuratifomu inosimba sisitimu inosanganisira yepakati, yakaoma inoshanda sisitimutsigiro, uye yemazuva ano akawanda-core microprocessors. Nekudaro, budiriro iripo panguva ino inongogumira kune imwe chete ECU.
Mukati mepakati, nhamba yeonboard sensors ichawedzera zvakanyanya
Muzvizvarwa zviviri kusvika zvitatu zvinotevera zvemotokari, vagadziri vemotokari vanoisa masensa ane mabasa akafanana kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzine chekuita nekuchengetedza dzakakwana.
Nekufamba kwenguva, iyo indasitiri yemotokari ichagadzira yakatsaurwa sensor mhinduro kuderedza nhamba yavo uye mutengo. Isu tinotenda kuti kusanganisa radar nekamera inogona kuve yakanyanya kufarirwa mhinduro mumakore mashanu kusvika masere anotevera. Sezvo masimba ekutyaira akazvimirira achiramba achikura, kuunzwa kwemaidars kuchave kuri madikanwa. Ivo vanozopa redundancy zvese mumunda wekuongorora chinhu uye mumunda wenzvimbo. Semuyenzaniso, iyo SAE International L4 (yakakwirira otomatiki) inozvimiririra yekutyaira gadziriso yaizoda kutanga ina kusvika kumashanu lidar sensors, kusanganisira idzo dzakaiswa kumashure kwekufamba kweguta uye kuoneka kunoda kusvika 360-degree.
Zvakaoma kutaura chero chinhu pamusoro pehuwandu hwe sensors mumotokari munguva refu. Pamwe nhamba yavo ichawedzera, kuderera, kana kuramba yakafanana. Izvo zvese zvinoenderana nemirairo, iyo tekinoroji kukura kwemhinduro uye kugona kushandisa akawanda sensors mumatambudziko akasiyana. Zvinodiwa zvekudzora zvinogona, semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kutarisa kwemutyairi, zvichitungamira kune mamwe ma sensors mukati memotokari. Tinogona kutarisira kuona mamwe ma sensor emagetsi evatengi anoshandiswa mukati memotokari. Motion sensors, hutano hwekutarisisa (kurova kwemoyo uye kurara), kuzivikanwa kwechiso uye iris ndezvimwe zvezviitiko zvinogona kushandiswa. Nekudaro, kuti uwedzere huwandu hwema sensors kana kutochengeta zvinhu zvakafanana, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu huchadikanwa, kwete chete mumasensa ivo pachavo, asiwo mune network yemotokari. Naizvozvo, zvinobatsira zvakanyanya kudzikisa huwandu hwema sensors. Nekuuya kwemota dzakanyanya otomatiki kana dzakazara otomatiki, epamberi algorithms uye kudzidza muchina kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro e sensor uye kuvimbika. Kutenda kune ane simba uye anokwanisa sensor tekinoroji, zvisingaite masensa anogona kunge asisadiwi. Masensa anoshandiswa nhasi anogona kupera basa - mamwe masensa anoshanda achaonekwa (semuenzaniso, panzvimbo yekamera-based parking mubatsiri kana lidar, ultrasonic sensors inogona kuoneka).
Masensa anozove akangwara
Masisitimu ekuvaka anozoda akangwara uye akabatanidzwa masensa kuti atore huwandu hwakakura hwe data inodiwa pakutyaira zvakanyanya otomatiki. Mabasa epamusoro-soro senge sensor fusion uye XNUMXD positioning inomhanya pane centralized computing mapuratifomu. Iyo preprocessing, kusefa, uye nekukurumidza mhinduro zvishwe zvingangove zviri kumucheto kana kuitwa mukati me sensor pachayo. Imwe fungidziro inoisa huwandu hwe data iyo mota inozvimiririra ichagadzira awa yega yega pama terabytes mana. Naizvozvo, AI ichasimuka kubva kuECU ichienda kune ma sensors kuita basic pre-processing. Inoda yakaderera latency uye yakaderera computational performance, kunyanya kana iwe uchienzanisa mutengo wekugadzirisa data mune sensors uye mutengo wekutumira yakawanda data mumotokari. Redundancy yemasarudzo emumugwagwa muHAD, zvisinei, inoda kuchinjika kwepakati komputa. Zvingangodaro, maverengero aya achaverengerwa zvichienderana nedata rakafanogadziriswa. Smart sensors inotarisisa mabasa avo, nepo sensor redundancy ichivandudza kuvimbika, kuwanikwa, uye nekudaro kuchengetedzeka kweiyo sensor network. Kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakakodzera kwesensor mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, masensor ekuchenesa maapplication akadai sema deicers uye guruva uye tsvina anobvisa anozodiwa.
Simba rakazara uye redundant data network ichadikanwa
Key uye chengetedzo-yakakosha maapplication ayo anoda kuvimbika kwepamusoro achashandisa zvizere madhiraini ezvese zvinodiwa pakufambisa kwakachengeteka (data kutaurirana, simba). , makomputa epakati uye ane nzara-ane simba akagoverwa computing network zvinoda hutsva husina basa rekutonga network. Kutadza-kushivirira masisitimu anotsigira wired control uye mamwe mabasa eHAD anozoda kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro asina basa. Izvi zvichavandudza zvakanyanya dhizaini yemazuva ano yekutadza-kushivirira yekutarisa kuita.
"Automotive Ethernet" ichasimuka kuti ive musana wemota
Manetiweki emotokari anhasi haana kukwana kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zvekufambisa mune ramangwana. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe data, kudiwa kwezvekudzokororwa kweHADs, kudiwa kwechengetedzo nedziviriro munzvimbo dzakabatana, uye kudiwa kweiyo mhiri-indasitiri yakamisikidzwa maprotocol zvingangotungamira mukubuda kwemotokari Ethernet. Iyo ichave yakakosha inogonesa, kunyanya kune isina basa repakati data bhazi. Ethernet mhinduro dzinozodikanwa kuti ipe kutaurirana kwakavimbika pakati pemadomasi uye kusangana nechaiyo-nguva zvinodiwa. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kwekuwedzera kweEthernet mawedzero akadai seAudio Vhidhiyo Bridging (AVB) uye netiweki inobata nguva (TSN). Vamiriri veindasitiri uye OPEN Alliance vanotsigira kutorwa kweEthernet tekinoroji. Vazhinji vanogadzira mota vakatotora danho rakakura iri.
Traditional network senge emunharaunda interconnect network uye controller network icharamba ichishandiswa mumotokari, asi chete kune yakavharwa yakaderera-level network senge sensors. Matekinoroji akadai seFlexRay uye MOST angangotsiviwa nemotokari Ethernet uye mawedzero ayo AVB neTSN.
Mune ramangwana, tinotarisira kuti indasitiri yemotokari ichashandisawo mamwe matekinoroji eEthernet - HDBP (yakakwirira-kunonoka bandwidth zvigadzirwa) uye gumi-Gigabit tekinoroji.
MaOEM anogara aine kudzora kwakasimba pamusoro pekubatanidza data kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye HAD, asi ivo vanovhura nzvimbo dzekupindirana kuti vabvumire mapato echitatu kuwana data.
Yepakati yekutaurirana magedhi ayo anotumira uye anogashira chengetedzo-yakakosha data inogara ichibatana zvakananga kune iyo OEM backend. Kuwana data kuchave kwakavhurika kune vechitatu mapato kana izvi zvisingarambidzwe nemirairo. Infotainment ndeye "kunamatira" kumotokari. Munzvimbo ino, nzvimbo dziri kubuda dzakavhurika dzinobvumira vanopa zvemukati uye maapplication kuendesa zvigadzirwa zvavo ukuwo maOEM achitevedza zviyero nepaanogona napo.
Nhasi pa-board diagnostic port ichatsiviwa neakabatana telematics mhinduro. Kugadziriswa kwekuwana kwenetiweki yemotokari hakuchadikanwa, asi kuchakwanisa kuyerera kuburikidza neOEM backends. OEMs ichapa data zviteshi kumashure kwemotokari kune dzimwe nyaya dzekushandisa (yakabiwa yekutevera mota kana inishuwarenzi yako). Nekudaro, mushure memusika zvishandiso zvichave zvishoma uye zvishoma kuwana kune yemukati data network.
Makuru ezvikepe anoshanda achaita basa rakakura muchiitiko chemushandisi uye kugadzira kukosha kwevatengi vekupedzisira. Vachakwanisa kupa mota dzakasiyana nezvinangwa zvakasiyana mukati mekunyoreswa kwakafanana (semuenzaniso, zvekuenda zuva nezuva kana kupera kwevhiki). Ivo vanozodikanwa kushandisa akawanda maOEM backends uye kubatanidza dhata mukati mezvikepe zvavo. Mahombe dhatabhesi anozobvumira vafambisi vezvikepe kuita mari yakabatanidzwa data uye analytics isingawanikwe padanho reOEM.
Mota dzinoshandisa makore masevhisi kubatanidza ruzivo rwepa-bhodhi nedata rekunze
"Isina-sensitive" data (kureva, data risingaenderane nekuzivikanwa kana chengetedzo) ichawedzera kugadziriswa mugore kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo. Kuwanikwa kweiyi data kunze kweOEM kuchaenderana nemitemo nemirairo yeramangwana. Sezvo mavhoriyamu achikura . Analytics inodiwa kugadzirisa ruzivo uye kuburitsa data yakakosha. Isu takazvipira kutyaira zvakazvimiririra uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvedhijitari. Kunyatsoshandiswa kwedata kuchaenderana nekugovaniswa kwedata pakati pevazhinji musika vatambi. Hazvisati zvazivikanwa kuti ndiani achaita izvi uye sei. Nekudaro, vatengesi vakuru vemotokari uye makambani etekinoroji ari kutovaka akasanganiswa emota mapuratifomu anogona kubata iyi hupfumi hutsva hwe data.
Zvikamu zvinokwidziridzwa zvichaonekwa mumotokari dzinotsigira nzira mbiri
Pa-bhodhi bvunzo masisitimu anobvumira mota kuti dzitarise otomatiki kuti dzigadziriswe. Tichakwanisa kutonga kutenderera kwehupenyu hwemotokari uye mabasa ayo. Ese maECU anotumira uye kugamuchira data kubva kuma sensors uye actuators, kutora data. Iyi data ichashandiswa kugadzira zvitsva. Muenzaniso unenge uchigadzira nzira zvichienderana nemotokari paramita.
OTA yekuvandudza kugona ndiyo inofanirwa kune HAD. Nematekinoroji aya, tichava nemaitiro matsva, cybersecurity, uye nekukurumidza kutumira kwezvimiro uye software. Muchokwadi, iyo OTA yekuvandudza kugona ndiyo simba rekufambisa kuseri kwekuchinja kwakakosha kwatsanangurwa pamusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, kugona uku kunodawo mhinduro yakazara yekuchengetedza pamatanho ese echitubu-zvese kunze kwemotokari uye mukati meECU. Mhinduro iyi haisati yagadzirwa. Zvichave zvinonakidza kuona kuti ndiani achazviita uye sei.
Ko zvigadziriso zvemota zvichakwanisa kuiswa senge pa smartphone? Iyo indasitiri inofanirwa kukurira zvipimo muzvibvumirano zvevatengesi, zvinodikanwa zvekutonga, uye chengetedzo uye zvakavanzika zvinonetsa. Vazhinji vagadziri vemotokari vakazivisa hurongwa hwekuburitsa OTA sevhisi zvinopihwa, kusanganisira pamusoro-yemhepo zvigadziriso zvemotokari dzavo.
MaOEM anozomisa zvikepe zvawo pamapuratifomu eOTA, achishanda pamwe chete nevanopa tekinoroji munzvimbo ino. Mu-motokari yekubatanidza uye OTA mapuratifomu achakurumidza kuve akakosha. MaOEM anonzwisisa izvi uye ari kutsvaga kuwana humwe hutori muchikamu ichi chemusika.
Idzo mota dzinogashira software, chimiro uye kuchengetedza zvigadziriso zvehupenyu hwavo hwekugadzira. Zviremera zvinotungamira zvinogona kupa gadziriso yesoftware kuti ive nechokwadi chekutendeseka kwekugadzirwa kwemotokari. Iko kudikanwa kwekuvandudza nekuchengetedza software kunotungamira kune mitsva yebhizinesi mhando dzekugadzirisa mota uye kushanda.
Kuongorora Ramangwana Impact yeMotokari Software uye Electronic Architecture
Maitiro anokanganisa indasitiri yemotokari ari kugadzira akakosha ane chekuita nehardware. Nekudaro, ramangwana resoftware uye zvemagetsi zvivakwa zvinotaridzika kuvimbisa. Mikana yese yakavhurika kuindasitiri: vagadziri vemotokari vanogona kuumba masangano eindasitiri kuti agadzirise zvivakwa zvemotokari, hofori dzedhijitari dzinogona kuita pa-board Cloud mapuratifomu, vatambi vekufamba vaigona kugadzira mota dzavo kana kugadzira matura emota ane yakavhurika sosi kodhi uye maficha software, automaker vanogona kusuma. motokari dzinozvimiririra dziri kuwedzera dzine Indaneti.
Zvigadzirwa munguva pfupi zvichange zvisisave hardware-centric. Ivo vanozotungamirwa nesoftware. Shanduko iyi ichanetsa kumakambani emotokari akajaira kugadzira mota dzechinyakare. Nekudaro, zvichipihwa maitiro uye shanduko dzakatsanangurwa, kunyangwe makambani madiki haazove nesarudzo. Vachafanira kugadzirira.
Isu tinoona akati wandei matanho ehurongwa:
- Kupatsanura mota dzekusimudzira uye mabasa emotokari. OEMs uye Tier XNUMX vatengesi vanofanirwa kusarudza magadzirirwo avachaita, kupa uye kuendesa maficha. Vanofanira kunge vakazvimiririra pamafambisirwo ekufambisa kwemotokari, zvese kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi uye kwesangano. Tichifunga nezveazvino madhizaini ekuvandudza mota, makambani anofanirwa kutsvaga nzira yekugadzirisa software innovation. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanofanirwa kufunga nezvesarudzo dzekusimudzira uye kusimudzira (senge compute maunitsi) ezvikepe zviripo.
- Tsanangura chinangwa chakawedzerwa kukosha kwesoftware nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. MaOEM anofanirwa kuona mutsauko maficha avanogona kuseta mabhenji. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kutsanangura zvakajeka chinangwa chakawedzerwa kukosha kune yavo software uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Iwe unofanirwawo kuona nzvimbo dzinozodiwa zvigadzirwa uye misoro inofanirwa kukurukurwa chete nemutengesi kana mubatsiri.
- Seta mutengo wakajeka wesoftware. Kubvisa software kubva kune Hardware, maOEM anofanirwa kufunga zvekare maitiro emukati uye maitiro ekutenga software zvakananga. Pamusoro pemaitiro echinyakare, zvakakoshawo kuti uongorore kuti nzira inokurumidza yekuvandudza software inogona kusungirirwa sei mukuita kwekutenga. Apa ndipo apo vatengesi (tier one, tier two uye tier three) vanoitawo basa rakakosha sezvavanoda kupa pachena kukosha kwebhizinesi kune yavo software uye masisitimu zvinopihwa kuti vatore chikamu chakakura chemari.
- Gadzira dhiyagiramu yesangano reiyo nyowani yemagetsi ekuvaka (kusanganisira backends). Iyo indasitiri yemotokari inoda kushandura maitiro emukati kuendesa uye kutengesa epamberi magetsi uye software. Ivo zvakare vanofanirwa kufunga akasiyana marongero esangano emota-ane chekuita nemagetsi misoro. Chaizvoizvo, iyo nyowani "yakarongedzwa" dhizaini inoda kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kweazvino "vertical" setup uye kuunzwa kwe "horizontal" mayuniti esangano matsva. Pamusoro pezvo, pane kudikanwa kwekuwedzera hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwesoftware nevagadziri vemagetsi muzvikwata.
- Gadzira bhizinesi modhi yezvikamu zvemotokari yega sechigadzirwa (kunyanya kune vatengesi). Izvo zvakakosha kuti uongorore kuti ndeapi maficha anowedzera kukosha kweiyo ramangwana rekuvaka uye saka anogona kuita mari. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuti urambe uchikwikwidza uye kutora chikamu chakakosha chekukosha muindasitiri yemagetsi emotokari. Mushure mezvo, mhando dzebhizinesi nyowani dzinozoda kuwanikwa pakutengesa software nemagetsi masisitimu, chingave chigadzirwa, sevhisi, kana chimwe chinhu chitsva zvachose.
Sezvo nguva itsva yemotokari software uye zvemagetsi inotanga, inoshandura zvese nezvemabhizinesi mhando, zvinodiwa nevatengi uye chimiro chemakwikwi. Tinotenda kuti pachave nemari yakawanda ichaitwa kubva pane izvi. Asi kuti ubate pamusoro pekuchinja kuri kuuya, munhu wese ari muindasitiri anofanirwa kufungazve maitiro avo ekugadzira mota uye kuseta (kana kushandura) zvavanopa nehungwaru.
Chinyorwa ichi chakagadzirwa nekubatana neGlobal Semiconductor Alliance.
Source: www.habr.com