Imba yekudhinda "Library yeProletarian".
Munovhero iyi, munyori achatiudza nezvedambudziko rakaoma revashandi veindasitiri yebudiriro.
Pamusoro pevashandi vanoremekedzwa uye kuvandudzwa kwehukama hwemunhu pakatarisana nekurasikirwa kwendangariro.
Ndinokurudzira. /*Mutsoropodzi*/
Zvose zvinosangana hazvisi zvetsaona.
C ++ ine hunhu hwakaoma nekuda kwehudiki hwakaoma. Akakurira mune nzara 80s, uye anoyeuka kuti kakawanda sei pakanga pasina nzvimbo yakakwana kunyange yezviratidzo. Izvi zvakamushatirisa uye zvakapa kuomarara kune yake syntax. Kazhinji akadhakwa, aifarira kukanda segfouls, kuputsa mahwindo, uye kupfura vapfuuri mumakumbo. Pakanga pasina wekutaurirana naye, nekuti sekuru vake, K&R C airemekedzwa, vakakatyamadzwa muVietnam uye vaiwanzotora chikamu mumafaro emuzukuru wavo.
C++ haatomboyeuki baba vake, kungoti zita rake rainzi “C with Classes” uye kuti akafa nekuwandisa. Sekuru vakataura zvisina kunaka nezvemwanakomana wavo mumwe chete. Akapindura mibvunzo yemuzukuru wake nekuzengurira: "Wakanhonga, unoziva, mamwe makirasi ... Uye iwe uripo zvakare ... ndinorangarira munguva yangu 615 bytes kune matatu ... "Pamusoro paamai. , kunyange zvishoma zvaizivikanwa, kunyange vamwe vakati pakubata pamuviri kwegamba redu kwete pasina imwe Simula.
Zvisinei nekunyomba kwake kumwanakomana wake nemuzukuru nekuda kwekuda kwake makirasi, Sekuru Xi pachavo vakagara zvakasimba pazviratidzo kwenguva yakareba. Akaidana kuti “pointer arithmetic” uye akataura kuti zvose zvakanga zviri rutivi rwouzivi hwake, zvichimubvumira kuva pedyo zvikuru nechimiro chezvinhu zviri munyika yakamupoteredza. Iye kashoma kuoneka paruzhinji mazuvano. Vamwe ndivo vaitoti mudhara uyu akafa kare asi kwete, aiwa dzimwe nzvimbo aionekwa husiku. Pane rambi rakapwanyika, pane mupfuuri akapfurwa pagumbo, pane buffer kufashukira...
Asi ndakaona sekuru vangu Classical C, uye muzukuru wangu C-99..11, C++ kakawanda. Mhuri yese yaisafarirana. Asi kushanda nekugara pamwe chete zvakavamanikidza kuti vagare mukati mehurongwa hwechibvumirano cheAPI. Mukoma Xi nababa vake vakaramba vachiti ndivo vaikurumidza kupfura netsoka dzevapfuuri, kusiyana nevadikani vakasiyana-siyana. C++ haana kubvumirana nazvo. Asi kunyange zvazvo akataura kuti akanga asiri mupfuri akaipisisa, mumwoyo make ainzwisisa kuti kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai seOOP kwakanga kusiri pasina. Aigara achitambudzwa ne inferiority complex. Kuti azvibvise, akatanga kutora chikamu mumabhenji. Dzimwe nguva, vasati vadzorerazve pfuti, C ++ yainonoka, uye ipapo vamwe vose vemhuri vaizotarisana vachinzwirana tsitsi, uye vobva vaseka shure kwake.
Hama dzake dzaisaziva kuti C++ aizoenda kure kupfuura baba vake vakashaya. Pamusoro peOOP, akatanga kufarira maTemplates. Mushure mekushandisa maTemplates kwenguva yakareba, akaona kuti chero makwikwi ekupfura anogona kuhwina nekupfura mutongi pagumbo kusati kwatanga. C ++ yakagamuchirwa pamwe chete semhare yemetaprogramming uye yakanga isingachabvumirwi kukwikwidza. Asi izvozvo hazvina kumumisa. Akadurura mumakirabhu ehurukuro enyanzvi dzeko uye vazivi uye akakumbira kuzivikanwa kwake sePL inoshanda. Hasclell naLisp vakanzvenga vachitya kubva kune iyi thug yakashongedzerwa neinongedzo uye yakadzikama typing. Asi pakanga pasina kwekuenda, haugone kupokana nemunhu anoshandisa OOP yakasanganiswa nemaTemplates uye anofarira kupfura makumbo. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo hero yedu yakave yakawanda-paradigm.
Asi C ++ haana kutora nguva yakareba kuti arambe ari pamusoro pemukurumbira weakanakisa kupfura muguta. Nokufamba kwenguva, PLO yakamira kuva chinhu chinosekwa, uye kugunun’una kwevanhu vekare kwakanga kusingachateereri. Yatova fashoni. Vanhu vazhinji vaifarira kupinda mumakirasi nguva nenguva ... uye chizvarwa chitsva chakakura chakasiyana zvachose ...
Java ndiyo yakatanga kuzvizivisa. Akaomesa musoro akaramba kudiwa kwekupfura nokukurumidza pamakumbo uye akasimbisa kuti kukosha kukuru kwaiva kujekesa ... uye zvinhu ... hapana asi zvinhu. Chokwadi, muchokwadi, akasanganisa zvinhu nemakirasi, achiwedzera primitives kune iyi cocktail, izvo hazvina kumumisa kubva pakuzvizivisa se "Yekutanga akanyatso kutarisana nechinhu". Paive nerunyerekupe rwekuti Java ndiye mwanakomana waSekuru C kubva kumusikana asingazivikanwe weOOP. Uye mumwe munhu akapokana kuti C ++ inonyanya kubatanidzwa pano. Kuti zvakaitika sei chaizvo hazvizivikanwe, asi Java yakakurira munzvimbo yekugara yeOracle Corporation. Kuti adzivise mutauro mutsva kuita chinhu chakaipa uye kutora nzira yekupfura pamakumbo ake, Oracle mainjiniya akamuita robotomy achiri pachivande ndokucheka zvigunwe zvake zve index. Mwana paakakura zvishoma, vachengeti vane hanya havana kumutendera kuti atore nhanho padyo nenyika yehupenyu hwevanhu vakuru, kune zviratidzo, achivanza nekunyatsovanza pakadzika yemuchina chaiwo. Mukuwedzera, Java yakanyatsodzidziswa kuti kupfura kune ani zvake kwakaipa, uye zvombo zvinofanira kurambidzwa zvachose. Kuzivana kwakadai necommunism kubva paudiki kwakapesvedzera Java zvakanaka uye akakurumidza kubata zvinzvimbo zvese zvinokudzwa mukusimudzira bhizinesi. Zvaiita sekuti mazuva emhirizhonga isingadzoreki akange apfuura, zera rekuvandudza timu rasvika, uye kupfura muvakidzani wako mutsoka kwave kuita tsika dzakaipa.
Yakafukidzwa, C ++ yakaedza kuzvidhonza pamwe chete uye kufamba nenguva, ichirovera laser kuona papfuti inotakura muromo uye kuyedza kupinza hungwaru mumapoinzi. Hazvina kubatsira zvakanyanya, zvakakanganwika nevakawanda, aigara achinwa uye kurara kwenguva refu.
Uye kunze kwehwindo, Java yakanga yave kutorwa hondo nemuvengi mutsva ane simba. C # yaive muchero weiyo genetic musanganiswa weC ++ neJava. Pachine runyerekupe rwekuti majene eJava akawanikwa nekuda kwekuedza uku nenzira isina kutendeseka, uye panguva iyoyo kunyomba kudiki kwakatanga pamusoro peizvi. Asi yakagadzirwa nemainjiniya kubva kune rimwe mubatanidzwa rine simba, rakanangana nechinhu, richigara nhaka zvinhu zvakawanda zveC ++, C# yakaberekerwa kupikisa Java uye yakakwanisa kudzivirira kodzero yayo yekuvepo munyika ine hutsinye yebhizinesi. Kuti akunde Java, vagadziri vakamupa matemplate, OOP uye anonongedzera (kunyangwe ivo vakasiya kuti vashandise nekuchenjerera).
Mudiki padawan akapinda muhondo nechirema chelobotomized uye pakazosvika 2020 akange amusundidzira kumashure nehafu ...
Nguva haina kumira uye kubereka kwepanyama kwabuda kunze kwefashoni. Zvino zvaitendwa kuti kana iwe usina kusikwa murabhoritari yeimwe kambani, saka haungambofi wakabudirira. Aya ndiwo maitiro akaita JavaScript, Go, Rust nevamwe vazhinji. Ndinonyara kupa biography yeyokutanga pano; Ini ndichagumira kune chokwadi chekuti muverengi anofanira kuziva kuti akaberekwa ari matsi-bofu schizophrenic, asi nekuda kwerudo rwevamwe vanhu akakwanisa kukunda zvese izvi. zvikanganiso uye ugova ngochani yakachinja. Aisaziva kupfura, asi aive akanaka pakuunza nguva yekudzikira kune chero basa chero kwaaitorwa. Sezvo JS aikura, akaziva kudanwa kwake semugadziri wemabhatani ane mavara nemaposta. Kubva ipapo, zvakatanga kutya kubuda panze; mirwi yemabhana ane acidic nemabhatani ekuridza muridzo akazadza zvese zvakatenderedza. Kana vashandi vekare vakamutsiura pamusoro peizvi, JS akatanga kudanidzira nenzwi guru kuti akanga achidzvinyirirwa zvakare nevakaipa vanoita zvepabonde. Asi ichi chinongova chikamu chematambudziko ose. JS akaunza shamwari dzake naye munyika yebudiriro. Ndebvu dzakasvibirira, dzine bvudzi rakadhayiwa, pane scooters ... Iye pachake nguva dzose akatora nzvimbo yose iripo uye chiyeuchidzo, uye izvi zviri mumamiriro ezana remakore rechiXNUMX, apo zvingaita sokuti munhu wose aifanira kunge akakwana kare kare. !
Asi kunyange pano hapana munhu ati akwanisa kumuzvidza. JS, mukupindura, akatanga kutaura kuti munhu wose aifanira kunge akave ane muviri akanaka uye akaenzana kare kare, uye hazvina basa kuti yakawanda sei chiyeuchidzo chaunodya uye nzvimbo yaunotora. "Vashandi vese vakakosha, vashandi vese vakakosha, vashandi vese vakaenzana," akadaro JS. Imwe budiriro inocherekedza neJS ndeyekuti yakadzikisa chikumbaridzo kusvika zero. Vanoti mushure meizvi, neshungu, Sekuru Xi vakazvisungirira muwadhiropu yavo ne5x5 kilobytes. Nekudaro, JS ichiri musango, saka chenjerera, chenjera!
Vagadziri veGo vakasarudza kupfuura vagadziri veJava. Kunyange mudumbu, vakatsiva chikamu chemaketani eDNA ne hamster kune mwana wavo ... Uye ipapo vanogura kwete minwe chete, asiwo nzeve pamwe chete nemhino, pasi pechikonzero chokuti maitiro ega ega haadiwi, uye munhu wose anofanira kufanana nomumwe nomumwe, kuti arege kuvhiringidzwa nounhu hwavo . Iyo fashoni yeOOP yakapfuura, uye Go haana kugamuchira makirasi kana matemplate. Asi vakamupa goroutines. Aya ndiwo mararamiro aanoita kusvikira nhasi, achitsigira zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kwenguva yakareba, vamwe vanofarira vakafungisisa nezvemhando yebhachinalia iri kuenderera, kusvika kufemerwa kwavabata. Mushure maizvozvi, vakagadzira hurongwa hwakabatana hwechitendero nehuzivi, vachiidaidza kuti pfungwa yekuve muridzi, uye vakabereka Rust. Ngura yaisiyaniswa nekuvimbika kwayo uye kuvimbika kunheyo dzakatarwa kubva paudiki. Kana akanzi aite chimwe chinhu, aisachiita kusvikira ava nechokwadi chokuti aisazokuvadza munhu. Asi kuti arayire Rust, aifanira kunzwisisa pfungwa yekubata uye yekukwereta cheki. Vanoti mushure meizvi chikumbaridzo chekupinda chakakwira nechikamu che15,37%.
Nepo mitauro mitsva yakawedzera sehowa mushure memvura, yekare yakakura musimba. Java yakagamuchira prosthetics muchimiro chejenariki uye lambdas dzakabiwa kubva kuPhilosophical Club yakatumidzwa zita. Prof. Haskell. Ndakazviwanira lambdas dzakafanana muC #, uye panguva imwechete ndakawana tenzikadzi anonzi Linq. Java haina kusarira kumashure uye yakazvisuma iyo Stream API. Asi C # yakaita danho risingatarisirwi, richitora async / kumirira kukanda mapanga uye kurasa inorema null block. Java, mukumhanya mushure memukwikwidzi wake wechidiki, yakava serobhoti rinoshandura rakagadzirwa nematombo akasiyana emhando dzakasiyana. Zvimwe zvinhu zvaidonha. Yakanga iri mumamiriro ezvinhu aya iyo C ++ yakangoerekana yamuka yakawana nyika. Akakurumidza kugadzira lambdas yake neautomatic type inference. Iye zvino C # neJava zvakadzora mukutya kubva pakuona kwakadaro. Neraser sight yakanamirwa kupfuti yake netepi yeblue, kepu yeorenji ine magirazi matema nedemo rakarembera kubva pabhande rebendekete rake, C++ zvechokwadi akafuridzira kutya kune vese vaimutarisa. Vamwe, kubva mundangariro dzekare, vakabata mabvi avo vasingadi...
Ivai nezuva rakanaka mose. Kana iwe uchichifarira, ini ndichanyora inoteedzana nezvevashandi muindasitiri yesainzi nehuzivi.
Source: www.habr.com