Publishing house "Library of the Proletariat".
Munovhero iyi, munyori achatiudza nezvedambudziko rakaoma rekuumbwa kweboka rinoshanda reindasitiri yebudiriro.
Pamusoro pevashandi vanoremekedzwa uye nekuvandudzwa kwehukama hwemunhu mumamiriro ekurasikirwa kwekuyeuka.
Ndinozvikurudzira. /*Mutsoropodzi*/
Zvose zvinosangana hazvisi zvetsaona.
C ++ ine hunhu hwakaoma nekuda kwehudiki hwakaoma. Akakurira mune nzara 80s, uye anoyeuka kuti kakawanda sei pakanga pasina nzvimbo yakakwana kunyange yezviratidzo. Izvi zvakamuomesera uye zvakaomesa chirevo. Kazhinji akadhakwa, aifarira kukanda segfaults, kuputsa girazi, kupfura vanopfuura mumakumbo. Pakanga pasina wekutaurirana naye, nekuti sekuru vake, K&R C airemekedzwa, vakavhunduka muVietnam uye vaiwanzotora chikamu mukunakidzwa kwemuzukuru wavo.
C++ aisatomborangarira baba vake, kungoti zita rake rainzi "C with Classes" uye kuti akafa nekuwandisa. Sekuru vakataura zvisina kunaka nezvemwanakomana wavo mumwe chete. Akapindura achizengurira kumibvunzo yemuzukuru wake: "Unoziva, akatora mamwe makirasi ... Uye iwewo ... Ndinoyeuka munguva yangu 615 bytes yevatatu ..." Kunyange zvishoma zvaizivikanwa pamusoro paamai vake, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vakataura kuti kubata kwegamba redu kwakanga kusina imwe Simula.
Zvisinei nekunyomba kwemwanakomana wake nemuzukuru nekuda kwekuda kwavo makirasi, Sekuru Xi pachavo vaive vagara vachinyatsoona zvekunongedza. Akaidana kuti "pointer arithmetic" uye akataura kuti zvese zvaive chikamu chehuzivi hwake, zvichimubvumira kuti ave pedyo nemasikirwo ezvinhu munyika yakapoteredza. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, aisawanzoonekwa pane vanhu. Vamwe vaitoti mudhara uyu akafa kare asi nguva nenguva vaiona matsimba ake usiku. Rambi rakatyoka apa, mupfuuri akapfurwa gumbo ipapo, buffer yakapfachukira ipapo...
Asi nababamunini Classical C, uye muzukuru C-99..11, C++ vaiwanzoonana. Mhuri yese yaisafarirana. Asi kushanda nekugara pamwe chete zvakavamanikidza kunamatira kuchibvumirano cheAPI. Mukoma C nababa vake vakavimbisa kuti ndivo vaikurumidza kupfura makumbo avo vaipfuura nepavari, kusiyana nevadikani vakasiyana-siyana. C++ haana kubvumirana nazvo. Asi kunyange zvazvo akataura kuti akanga asiri mupfuri akaipisisa, mumweya wake akanzwisisa kuti kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakadai seOOP hakuendi pasina. Aigara achitambudzwa ne inferiority complex. Kuti azvibvise, akatanga kutora chikamu mumabhenji. Dzimwe nguva C++ asati asimudzazve pfuti aidzikira, ndokubva vamwe vose vomumhuri vatarisana vachinzwirana tsitsi, vobva vaseka kumusana kwake.
Hama dzake dzaisaziva kuti C++ aizoenda kure kupfuura baba vake vakashaya. Pamusoro peOOP, akatanga kufarira maTemplates. Mushure mekushandisa maTemplates kwenguva yakareba, akaona kuti unogona kuhwina chero makwikwi ekupfura nekupfura mutongi mugumbo isati yatanga. C ++ yakagamuchirwa pamwe chete semhare yemetaprogramming uye yakanga isisabvumidzwe kutora chikamu mumakwikwi. Asi izvi hazvina kumumisa. Aizopinda mumakirabhu ehurukuro enyanzvi dzeko uye vazivi, achida kucherechedzwa semutauro unoshanda wehurongwa. Huskell naLisp vakazeza vachitya kubva kune iyi thug yakashongedzerwa neinongedzo uye isina kusimba typing. Asi pakanga pasina kwekuenda, haugone kunyatsokakavara nemunhu anoshandisa OOP yakasanganiswa neMaTemplate uye anofarira kupfura makumbo. Saka gamba redu rakava multi-paradigm.
Asi C ++ haana kuramba ari pamusoro pemukurumbira weguta kwenguva refu. Nokufamba kwenguva, OOP yakaguma kuva chinhu chinosekwa, uye kugunun’una kwevanhu vakuru kwakanga kusisina kucherechedzwa. Yakatozova fashionable. Vakawanda vaifarira kukanda mumakirasi nguva nenguva ... uye chizvarwa chitsva chakakura zvakasiyana zvachose ...
Java ndiyo yakatanga kuzviitira zita. Yakasindimara yakaramba kudiwa kwekukurumidza kupfura pamakumbo uye yakasimbisa kuti kukosha kukuru kwaiva kujekesa ... uye zvinhu ... hapana asi zvinhu. Ichokwadi, chaizvoizvo, yakavhenganisa zvinhu nemakirasi, ichiwedzera primitives kune iyi cocktail, iyo haina kuidzivirira kubva pakuzvisuma se "Iyo yekutanga yakazara-yakatarisana". Runyerekupe rune kuti Java ndiye mwanakomana asiri wepamutemo waSekuru C kubva kune asingazivikanwe OOP-mukadzi. Uye mumwe munhu akati C ++ ingangove yakabatanidzwa pano. Kuti zvakaitika sei chaizvo hazvizivikanwe, asi Java akakurira mumusha wenherera weOracle Corporation. Kuti vadzivise mutauro mutsva kuita chimwe chinhu chakaipa uye kuti usatora nzira yokupfura nayo makumbo, mainjiniya eOracle akauita robotomy pauri achiri mumusha wenherera ndokucheka zvigunwe zvawo. Mwana paakakura zvishoma, vachengeti vane hanya havana kumurega ari pedyo nenyika yehupenyu hwevanhu vakuru, anonongedzera, achishingairira kuvavanza pakadzika pemuchina chaiwo. Mukuwedzera, Java yakanyatsodzidziswa kuti kupfura chero munhu kwakaipa, uye kuti zvombo zvinofanira kurambidzwa zvachose. Kuzivana kwakadaro necommunism kubva paudiki kwakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka paJava, uye yakakurumidza kutora zvinzvimbo zvese zvinokudzwa mukusimudzira bhizinesi. Zvaiita sekuti nguva dzemhirizhonga isingadzoreki dzapfuura, zera rekuvandudza timu rasvika, uye kupfura muvakidzani wako pagumbo rave rakashata.
Yakasundidzirwa kumashure, C++ yakaedza kuzvidhonza pamwe chete uye kufambirana nenguva, ichisunga laser kuona kune pfuti-inorodha pfuti uye kuyedza kuwedzera hungwaru kune zvinongedzo. Hazvina zvazvaibatsira zvakanyanya, zvakakanganwikwa nevakawanda, zvakazvipa kudhakwa nekurara kwenguva refu.
Uye kunze kwehwindo, Java yakanga yatorwisana nemuvengi mutsva ane simba. C # yaive chibereko chekusanganiswa kwemajini eC ++ neJava. Pachine runyerekupe rwekuti majene eJava akawanikwa pakuedza uku nenzira isina kutendeseka; panguva iyoyo, pakanga paine kunyange kakunyomba pamusoro peizvi. Asi yakagadzirwa nemainjiniya erimwe sangano rine simba, rakanyatso kutarisana nechinhu, richigara nhaka zvinhu zvakawanda zveC ++, C# yakaberekerwa kupikisa Java uye yakakwanisa kudzivirira kodzero yayo yekuvepo munyika ine hutsinye yebhizinesi. Kuibatsira kukunda Java, vagadziri vakaipa matemplate, OOP uye anonongedzera (kunyangwe ivo vakaasiya kuti ashandiswe nekuchenjerera).
Mudiki Padawan akapinda muhondo nechirema chelobotomized uye pakazosvika 2020 akange amusundidzira kumashure nehafu ...
Nguva haina kumira uye kubereka kwepanyama kwakabuda kunze kwefashoni. Zvino zvaitendwa kuti kana iwe usina kusikwa mune imwe lab yeimwe kambani, saka haungambo budirira. Aya ndiwo maitiro akaita JavaScript, Go, Rust nevamwe vazhinji. Ini ndinonyara kupa iyo biography yeyokutanga pano, ini ndichagumira kune chokwadi chekuti muverengi anofanirwa kuziva kuti akaberekwa ari matsi-bofu schizophrenic, asi nekuda kwerudo rwevamwe vanhu akakwanisa kukunda zvikanganiso zvese izvi uye akava transgender ngochani. Haana kukwanisa kupfura, asi aive akanaka pakuunza miniti yekudzikira kune chero bhizinesi, chero kwaaiendeswa. JS paakakura, akaziva kudanwa kwake semugadziri wemabhatani ane mavara nemaposta. Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, zvakatanga kutya kubuda panze, mirwi yemabhana easidhi nemabhatani ekuridza muridzo akazadza zvese zvakatenderedza. Kana vashandi vekare vakataura kwaari pamusoro peizvi, JS akatanga kudanidzira nenzwi guru kuti akanga ari kudzvinyirirwa zvakare nevakaipa vanoita zvepabonde. Asi ichi chinongova chikamu chematambudziko ose. JS akaunza shamwari dzake munyika yebudiriro. Green-ndebvu, ane vhudzi rakarukwa, pa scooters ... Iye pachake nguva dzose akatora nzvimbo yose iripo uye chiyeuchidzo, uye izvi mumamiriro ezvinhu ezana remakore rechi21, apo zvingaita sokuti munhu wose aifanira kunge akakwana kare kare!
Asi kunyange pano hapana akambokwanisa kumuzvidza. JS mukupindura akatanga kutaura kuti munhu wese aifanira kunge akave nemuviri akanaka uye akaenzana kare uye hazvina basa kuti wakawanda sei ndangariro yaunodya uye nzvimbo yaunotora. "Vashandi vese vakakosha, vashandi vese vakakosha, vashandi vese vakaenzana," akadaro JS. Chimwe chiitiko chakakurumbira chakabatana neJS ndechekuti akadonhedza imwe "yekupinda chikumbaridzo" kusvika zero. Vanoti mushure meizvi, Sekuru C vakazvisungirira muwadhiropu yavo ye5x5 kilobyte nekuda kweshungu. Nekudaro, JS ichiri yakakura, saka chenjerera, chenjera!
Vagadziri veGo vakasarudza kupfuura vagadziri veJava. Vakatsiva chikamu chemacheni eDNA yemwana wavo ne hamster apo achiri mudumbu ... Uye ipapo vakagura kwete zvigunwe chete, asiwo nzeve nemhino, pasi pechikonzero chokuti maitiro ega ega haafaniri kudiwa, uye munhu wose anofanira kunge akafanana kune mumwe nemumwe, kuitira kuti arege kuvhiringidza nehupenyu hwavo. Fashoni yeOOP yakapfuura, uye Go haana kuwana makirasi kana matemplate. Asi zvakapiwa goroutines. Izvi ndizvo zvazvinorarama kusvika nhasi, zvichitsigira zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa.
Kwenguva refu, vamwe vanofarira vakafungisisa nezvechimiro chebhachinalia iri kuenderera, kusvikira epiphany yavabata. Pashure paizvozvo, vakagadzira hurongwa hwakabatana hwechitendero-huzivi, vachiidaidza kuti pfungwa yekuve muridzi, uye vakabereka Rust. Rust aisiyaniswa nekuvimbika kwake uye kuvimbika kunheyo dzakaiswa maari kubva paudiki. Kana akarairwa kuita chimwe chinhu, aisachiita kusvikira ava nechokwadi chokuti aisazokuvadza munhu. Asi kuti upe mirairo kuna Rust, zvaive zvakakodzera kuti tinzwisise pfungwa yemuridzi uye cheki chechikwereti. Vanoti mushure meizvi, mukana wekupinda wakakwira nechikamu che15,37%.
Nepo mitauro mitsva ichiwanda sehowa mushure memvura, yekare yakakura nesimba. Java yakawana maprostheses ari muchimiro chemagetsi uye lambdas akabiwa kubva kukirabhu yehuzivi yakatumidzwa zita rePurofesa Haskell. C # akabata lambdas akafanana, uye panguva imwechete akawana tenzikadzi anonzi Linq. Java haina kusarira kumashure uye yakazviwanira iyo Stream API. Asi C # yakaita kufamba kusingatarisirwi, kubuda mapanga ekukanda easync/kumirira nekurasa inorema block of null. Java, mukumhanya mushure memukwikwidzi wayo wechidiki, yakatanga kutaridzika serobhoti retransformer rakagadzirwa nemabhuroki akasiyana emhando dzakasiyana. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakadonha. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro umo nyika yakawana iyo yakangoerekana yamuka C ++. Yakakurumidza kugadzira lambdas uye yayo otomatiki mhando inference. Iye zvino C # neJava zvakadzora mukutya kubva pakuona kwakadaro. Aine laser sight yakasungirirwa papfuti yake ine tepi yeblue, kepu yeorenji ine magirazi matema nedemo rakarembera kubva pabhande rebendekete rake, C++ akanyatso kurudzira kutya kune wese aimutarisa. Vamwe vavo vakangobata mabvi avo nekuda kwekare…
Ivai nezuva rakanaka mose. Kana iwe uchichifarira, ini ndichanyora inoteedzana nezvevashandi veindasitiri yesainzi nehuzivi.
Source: www.habr.com
