"Kana iwe ukaverenga zvakanyorwa" nyati "pakeji yenzou, usatenda maziso ako." Kozma Prutkov
Mune yapfuura yakaratidzwa chikonzero nei chinhu chemuenzaniso chichidiwa, uye zvakaratidzwa kuti pasina chinhu ichi chemuenzaniso munhu anogona kungotaura nezvemuenzaniso wakavakirwa pakugadzira sebhairi rekutengesa, risina maturo uye risina tsitsi. Asi kana modhi yechinhu ichionekwa, mainjiniya ane hunyanzvi anogara aine mubvunzo unonzwisisika: ndeupi humbowo huripo hwekuti masvomhu muenzaniso wechinhu unoenderana nechinhu chaicho.
Mumwe muenzaniso mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu unopiwa Muchinyorwa chino tichatarisa muenzaniso wekugadzira modhi yeairconditioning masisitimu, kudzoreredza tsika yacho nemamwe mafungidziro ehumwe hunhu.
Kugadzira muenzaniso wakavimbika wechinhu. Dzidziso
Kuti urege kuverengera, ini ndichakuudza pakarepo nezve algorithm yekugadzira modhi yemhando-yakavakirwa dhizaini. Zvinongotora matanho matatu akareruka:
Step 1. Gadzira hurongwa hwealgebraic-differential equations inotsanangura maitiro ane simba eiyo modeled system. Zviri nyore kana iwe uchiziva iyo fizikisi yemaitiro. Masayendisiti mazhinji akatogadzirira isu mitemo yekutanga yakatumidzwa zita reNewton, Brenoul, Navier Stokes uye mamwe maStangels, Compass naRabinovich.
Step 2. Sarudza mune inoguma system seti yeempirical coefficients uye hunhu hwechinhu chekuenzanisira chinogona kuwanikwa kubva kubvunzo.
Step 3. Edzai chinhu uye gadzirisa modhi zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yezviyedzo zvakazara, kuitira kuti ienderane neicho chaicho, nedhigirii inodiwa yeruzivo.
Sezvauri kuona, zviri nyore, maviri matatu chete.
Muenzaniso wekushandiswa kunoshanda
Iyo air conditioning system (ACS) mundege yakabatana kune otomatiki yekumanikidza kuchengetedza system. Kudzvinyirirwa mundege kunofanira kugara kwakakura kudarika kumanikidzwa kwekunze, uye chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwekuchinja kunofanira kunge kwakaita kuti vatyairi vendege nevafambi vasabuda ropa mumhino nemunzeve. Naizvozvo, iyo mhepo inopinza uye yekubuda yekudzora sisitimu yakakosha pakuchengetedza, uye inodhura masisitimu ekuyedza anoiswa pasi kuti avandudzwe. Vanogadzira tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa pakukwira kwendege, uye vanoberekazve kusimuka nekumhara panhandare dzendege dzehurefu hwakasiyana. Uye iyo nyaya yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa kudzora masisitimu eSCVs iri kukwira kusvika pakukwanisa kwayo kuzere. Inguva yakareba sei isu tichamhanya bhenji rekuyedza kuti tiwane inogutsa yekudzora system? Sezviri pachena, kana tikamisa muenzaniso wekutonga pamuenzaniso wechinhu, ipapo kutenderera kwebasa pabhenji rekuedza kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Iyo airconditioning system yendege ine imwechete yekupisa inopisa seimwe imwe inodziya system. Bhatiri ibhatiri muAfrica zvakare, inongova air conditioner. Asi nekuda kwekuganhurirwa pahuremu hwekusimuka uye hukuru hwendege, zvinodziya zvinogadzirwa zvakatsiga uye zvinogoneka sezvinobvira kuitira kutamisa kupisa kwakawanda sezvinobvira kubva muhuremu hudiki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo geometry inova isinganzwisisike. Sezvazviri munyaya iri kutariswa. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza ndiro inopisa kupisa umo membrane inoshandiswa pakati pemahwendefa kunatsiridza kupisa kupisa. Inopisa uye inotonhora inotonhorera inochinjana mumachaneli, uye mafambiro anoyerera anochinjika. Imwe inotonhorera inopihwa kumberi kwekucheka, imwe - parutivi.
Kuti tigadzirise dambudziko rekudzora SCR, tinoda kuziva kuti ingani kupisa kunotamiswa kubva kune imwe svikiro kuenda kune imwe mune yakadaro yekupisa exchanger pane imwe unit nguva. Chiyero chekuchinja kwekushisa, chatinogadzirisa, chinoenderana neizvi.
Mufananidzo 1. Dhiagiramu yemhepo inopisa inopisa ndege.
Matambudziko emuenzaniso. Hydraulic chikamu
Pakutanga kuona, basa racho rakareruka; zvinodikanwa kuverenga kuyerera kwehuwandu kuburikidza nematanho ekupisa kupisa uye kuyerera kwekushisa pakati pematanho.
Huwandu hwekuyerera kweiyo inotonhorera mumatashi inoverengerwa uchishandisa iyo Bernouli formula:
kupi:
ΞP - kusiyana kwepakati pakati pezvikamu zviviri;
ΞΎ - inotonhorera friction coefficient;
L - kureba kwechiteshi;
d - hydraulic dhayamita yemugero;
Ο - inotonhorera density;
Ο - inotonhorera velocity mugero.
Kune chiteshi chekupokana chimiro, iyo hydraulic dhayamita inoverengerwa neformula:
kupi:
F - nzvimbo yekuyerera;
P - yakanyoroveswa perimeter yechiteshi.
Iko friction coefficient inoverengerwa uchishandisa empirical formula uye zvinoenderana nekumhanya kwekuyerera uye zvimiro zveinotonhorera. Kune akasiyana ma geometries, akasiyana anotsamira anowanikwa, semuenzaniso, iyo formula yekutenderera kuyerera mumapombi akatsetseka:
kupi:
Re - Reynolds nhamba.
Kuyerera mumatanho akafuratira, inotevera fomula inogona kushandiswa:
Kubva paformula yaBernoulli, unogona kuverengera kudonhedza kudonhedzwa kwekumhanya kwakapihwa, kana zvinopesana, kuverenga kumhanya kunotonhorera muchiteshi, zvichibva pakudonhedza kwakapihwa.
Kupisa kupisa
Kuyerera kwekupisa pakati peinotonhorera nemadziro kunoverengerwa neformula:
kupi:
Ξ± [W/(m2Γdeg)] - kupisa kwekutamisa coefficient;
F - nzvimbo yekuyerera.
Kune matambudziko ekuyerera kweanotonhorera mumapombi, huwandu hwakakwana hwekutsvagisa hwakaitwa uye kune dzakawanda nzira dzekuverenga, uye sekutonga, zvese zvinodzika kune empirical kutsamira kune yekupisa kweyekupisa coefficient Ξ± [W/(m2Γdeg)]
kupi:
Nu - Nusselt nhamba,
Ξ» - thermal conductivity coefficient yemvura [W/(mΓdeg)] d β hydraulic (yakaenzana) dhayamita.
Kuverenga nhamba yeNusselt (criterion), epirical criterion dependencies inoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, fomula yekuverenga nhamba yeNusselt yepombi yakatenderera inoita seizvi:
Pano isu tatoona iyo nhamba yeReynolds, iyo Prandtl nhamba pamadziro tembiricha uye tembiricha yemvura, uye kusaenzana coefficient. ()
Kune corrugated plate heat exchangers fomula yakafanana ( ):
kupi:
n = 0.73 m = 0.43 yekuyerera kwemhirizhonga,
coefficient a - inosiyana kubva 0,065 kusvika 0.6 zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemahwendefa uye kuyerera kwehurumende.
Ngatirangarirei kuti iyi coefficient inoverengwa chete pane imwe pfungwa mukuyerera. Pamusoro penzvimbo inotevera tine tembiricha yakasiyana yemvura (yakapisa kana kutonhora pasi), tembiricha yakasiyana yemadziro uye, saizvozvo, nhamba dzese dzeReynolds uye nhamba dzePrandtl dzinoyangarara.
Panguva ino, chero nyanzvi yemasvomhu ichati hazvibviri kunyatsoverenga hurongwa umo coefficient inoshandura ka10, uye iye achava akarurama.
Chero injinjiniya inoshanda ichataura kuti kupisa kwega kwega kunogadzirwa zvakasiyana uye hazvibviri kuverenga masisitimu, uye iyewo achave akarurama.
Zvakadini neModel-Based Design? Zvinhu zvose zvakarasika here?
Vatengesi vepamberi veWestern software munzvimbo ino vanozokutengesera macomputer makuru uye 3D calculation system, senge "haugone kuita usina." Uye iwe unofanirwa kumhanyisa kuverenga kwezuva kuti uwane kugovera tembiricha mukati meminiti 1.
Zviripachena kuti iyi haisi sarudzo yedu; isu tinofanirwa kugadzirisa sisitimu yekudzora, kana isiri munguva chaiyo, zvino mune inofanoona nguva.
Solution pane chero
Iyo yekupisa yekupisa inogadzirwa, nhevedzano yebvunzo inoitwa, uye tafura yekushanda kweiyo yakadzikama-yemamiriro tembiricha inogadzika pakupihwa kunotonhorera kuyerera. Yakareruka, inokurumidza uye yakavimbika nekuti iyo data inobva mukuyedzwa.
Kuipa kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti hapana hunhu hunochinja hwechinhu. Hongu, isu tinoziva kuti yakatsiga-inoyerera kupisa kuyerera kuchave chii, asi isu hatizive kuti zvichatora nguva yakareba sei kuti titarise kana uchichinja kubva kune imwe nzira yekushandisa kuenda kune imwe.
Nokudaro, taverenga maitiro anodiwa, tinogadzirisa hurongwa hwekutonga zvakananga panguva yekuedza, iyo yataizoda kudzivisa.
Nzira Yakavakirwa paMuenzaniso
Kuti ugadzire modhi yeinochinja kupisa kupisa, zvinodikanwa kushandisa data rekuyedza kubvisa kusagadzikana mune epirical calculation formula - iyo Nusselt nhamba uye hydraulic kuramba.
Mhinduro yacho iri nyore, senge zvese zvine hungwaru. Isu tinotora epirical formula, kuita zviedzo uye kuona kukosha kweiyo coefficient a, nekudaro tichibvisa kusagadzikana mune fomula.
Pakangove nehumwe kukosha kweyekupisa kupisa coefficient, mamwe ese ma paramita anotemerwa nemitemo yekutanga yenyama yekuchengetedza. Musiyano wetembiricha uye kupisa kwekutamisa coefficient inotarisa huwandu hwesimba rinotamirwa muchiteshi pane imwe nguva yeyuniti.
Kuziva kuyerera kwesimba, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa maequation ekuchengetedza simba uye kukurumidza kweiyo inotonhorera mu hydraulic chiteshi. Somuenzaniso izvi:
Kune yedu, kupisa kunoyerera pakati pemadziro uye inotonhorera - Qwall - inoramba isina chokwadi. Unogona kuona mamwe mashoko
Uye zvakare tembiricha inotorwa equation yechiteshi chiteshi:
kupi:
ΞQwall - musiyano pakati pekupinda nekubuda kuyerera kumadziro echiteshi;
M ndiko kuwanda kwemadziro echiteshi;
Cpc - kupisa simba remadziro emadziro.
Muenzaniso wakarurama
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, mune inopisa kupisa tine kugoverwa kwekushisa pamusoro pepamusoro peplate. Nokuda kwehutano hwakadzikama, iwe unogona kutora avhareji pamusoro pemahwendefa uye uishandise, uchifungidzira iyo yose inopisa kupisa sechinhu chimwe chakanyanya kusimba apo, pane imwe mutsauko wekushisa, kupisa kunotamiswa kuburikidza nepamusoro pese pese yekushisa. Asi kuhurumende dzenguva pfupi kufungidzira kwakadaro kunogona kusashanda. Imwe yakanyanyisa ndeyekuita mazana ezviuru mazana emapoinzi uye kurodha iyo Super Computer, iyo isina kufanira isu, sezvo basa nderekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekutonga munguva chaiyo, kana zvirinani, nekukurumidza.
Mubvunzo unomuka, ndezvipi zvikamu zvingave izvo zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinofanira kugoverwa mukati kuitira kuti uwane kururama kunogamuchirwa uye nekukurumidza kwekuverenga?
Senguva dzose, ndakangoerekana ndave nemuenzaniso weamine heat exchanger pedyo. Iyo inopisa inopisa ichubhu, inodziya inoyerera inoyerera mumapombi, uye inopisa inoyerera inoyerera pakati pemasaga. Kuti dambudziko rive nyore, iyo yose inopisa inopisa chubhu inogona kumiririrwa sepombi imwe yakaenzana, uye pombi pachayo inogona kumiririrwa seseti yemasero ekuverenga discrete, mune imwe neimwe iyo yemhando yemhando yekupisa inoverengerwa. Chiratidzo chemuenzaniso wesero rimwe chete chinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2. Mhepo inopisa uye mhepo inotonhora yakabatanidzwa kuburikidza nemadziro, iyo inovimbisa kuendeswa kwekupisa kwemhepo pakati pematanho.
Mufananidzo 2. Heat exchanger cell model.
Iyo tubular heat exchanger modhi iri nyore kumisikidza. Iwe unogona kushandura imwe chete parameter - nhamba yezvikamu pamwe nekureba kwepombi uye tarisa mhinduro dzekuverenga dzezvikamu zvakasiyana. Ngativerengei sarudzo dzinoverengeka, tichitanga nekupatsanurwa kuita 5 mapoinzi pamwe nehurefu (Fig. 3) uye kusvika ku100 mapoinzi pakureba (Fig. 4).
Mufananidzo 3. Stationary tembiricha kugoverwa kwe5 akaverengerwa mapoinzi.
Mufananidzo 4. Stationary tembiricha kugoverwa kwe100 akaverengerwa mapoinzi.
Nekuda kwekuverenga, zvakazoitika kuti tembiricha yakadzikama kana yakakamurwa kuita zana mapoinzi ndeye 100 madhigirii. Uye kana yakakamurwa kuita mashanu akaverengerwa mapoinzi, tembiricha i67,7 madhigirii C.
Zvakare pazasi pehwindo kukurumidza kuverenga kunoenderana nenguva chaiyo kunoratidzwa.
Ngationei kuti tembiricha yakatsiga-mamiriro uye kumhanya kwekuverenga kunoshanduka sei zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemapoinzi ekuverenga. Musiyano mukutsiga-mamiriro ekushisa panguva yekuverenga nenhamba dzakasiyana dzemaseru ekuverenga anogona kushandiswa kuongorora chokwadi chemhedzisiro yakawanikwa.
Tafura 1. Kutsamira kwetembiricha uye kumhanya kwekuverenga pahuwandu hwemapoinzi ekuverenga pamwe nehurefu hwehutsi hunopisa.
| Nhamba yemapoinzi ekuverenga | Tembiricha yakatsiga | Kukurumidza kuverenga |
| 5 | 72,66 | 426 |
| 10 | 70.19 | 194 |
| 25 | 68.56 | 124 |
| 50 | 67.99 | 66 |
| 100 | 67.8 | 32 |
Tichiongorora tafura iyi, tinogona kutora mhedziso dzinotevera:
- Kumhanya kwekuverenga kunodonha zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemapoinzi ekuverenga mumhando yekupisa yekupisa.
- Shanduko yehuchokwadi hwekuverenga inoitika zvakanyanya. Sezvo huwandu hwemapoinzi hunowedzera, kunatsiridza pane imwe neimwe inotevera kuwedzera kunoderera.
Kana iri ndiro yekupisa kupisa ine muchinjika-inoyerera inotonhorera, semufananidzo 1, kugadzira yakaenzana modhi kubva kumasero ekutanga ekuverenga kunonetsa zvishoma. Tinofanira kubatanidza maseru nenzira yekuronga kuyerera kwemuchinjikwa. Kune maseru mana, dunhu rinotaridzika sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4.
Kuyerera kunotonhorera kunopatsanurwa pamwe chete nematavi anopisa uye anotonhora kuita migero miviri, migero yakabatana kuburikidza nezvinopisa zvimiro, zvekuti kana ichipfuura nemugero chinotonhodza chinochinjanisa kupisa nematanho akasiyana. Kutevedzera kuyerera kwemuchinjikwa, iyo inopisa inotonhorera inoyerera ichibva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi (ona Fig. 5) mune imwe neimwe chiteshi, sequentially kuchinjanisa kupisa nemigero yechando inotonhora, inoyerera kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro (ona Fig. 5). Nzvimbo inopisa kwazvo iri kumusoro kwekona yekuruboshwe, sezvo chinotonhodza chinopisa chinochinjanisa kupisa nechekare chinotonhodza chemugero unotonhora. Uye iyo inotonhora zvikuru iri kuzasi kwekurudyi, uko kunotonhora kunotsinhanisa kupisa neinopisa inotonhorera, iyo yakatotonhorerwa pasi muchikamu chekutanga.
Mufananidzo 5. Muchinjikwa-kuyerera muenzaniso we4 computational masero.
Iyi modhi yendiro yekupisa yekutsinhana haifungi nezve kuchinjisa kupisa pakati pemaseru nekuda kwekupisa kwekushisa uye haifungi nezve kusanganiswa kweinotonhorera, sezvo yega yega chiteshi.
Asi kwatiri, kugumira kwekupedzisira hakuderedzi kurongeka, sezvo mukugadzirwa kwechitsinhanisa chekupisa iyo corrugated membrane inoparadzanisa kuyerera mumatanho akawanda ari oga pamwe chete neinotonhorera (ona Fig. 1). Ngationei kuti chii chinoitika kune kuverengera kurongeka kana kuenzanisira ndiro yekupisa exchanger sezvo huwandu hwemaseru ekuverenga hunowedzera.
Kuti tiongorore kurongeka, tinoshandisa nzira mbiri dzekukamura mutsinhanisi wekupisa kuita maseru ekugadzira:
- Imwe neimwe sikweya sero ine maviri hydraulic (inotonhora uye inopisa inoyerera) uye imwe yekupisa chinhu. (Ona Mufananidzo 5)
- Imwe neimwe sikweya sero ine zvitanhatu zve hydraulic zvinhu (zvitatu zvikamu mukupisa uye kutonhora kuyerera) uye zvitatu zvinopisa zvinhu.
Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, tinoshandisa marudzi maviri ekubatanidza:
- counter flow yechando uye inopisa inoyerera;
- kufanana kuyerera kwekutonhora uye kupisa kuyerera.
Kuyerera kwe counter kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kana ichienzaniswa nekuyerera kwemuchinjiko, nepo kuyerera kwekaunda kuchiideredza. Nenhamba huru yemasero, kuenzana pamusoro pekuyerera kunoitika uye zvese zvinova pedyo neiyo chaiyo-kuyerera (ona Mufananidzo 6).
Mufananidzo 6. Four-cell, 3-element cross-flow model.
Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza mhedzisiro yeyakagadzikana-yakamira tembiricha kugovera mune yekupisa inotsinhanisa paunenge uchipa mhepo ine tembiricha ye150 Β°C pamwe nemutsara unopisa, uye 21 Β°C pamwe neinotonhora mutsara, kune dzakasiyana sarudzo dzekuparadzanisa modhi. Ruvara nenhamba dziri pasero zvinoratidza avhareji yetembiricha yemudhuri musero rekuverenga.
Mufananidzo 7. Kutsiga-mamiriro ekupisa kwezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira.
Tafura 2 inoratidza kupisa kwakadzikama kwemhepo inopisa mushure mekupisa, zvichienderana nekuparadzaniswa kwemuenzaniso wekupisa kupisa mumasero.
Tafura 2. Kutsamira kwekushisa pane nhamba yemasero ekugadzira mumhepo inopisa.
| Model dimension | Tembiricha yakatsiga Chinhu chimwe pasero |
Tembiricha yakatsiga 3 zvinhu pasero |
| 2x2 | 62,7 | 67.7 |
| 3 Γ 3 | 64.9 | 68.5 |
| 4x4 | 66.2 | 68.9 |
| 8x8 | 68.1 | 69.5 |
| 10 Γ 10 | 68.5 | 69.7 |
| 20 Γ 20 | 69.4 | 69.9 |
| 40 Γ 40 | 69.8 | 70.1 |
Sezvo nhamba yemasero ekuverenga mumuenzaniso inowedzera, iyo yekupedzisira yakagadzikana-yemamiriro tembiricha inowedzera. Musiyano pakati pekudziya-kwemamiriro ekushisa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvinogona kutorwa sechiratidzo chekururama kwekuverenga. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nekuwedzera kwenhamba yemasero ekuverenga, kutonhora kunosvika kumuganhu, uye kuwedzera kwekururama hakusi kuenzana nenhamba yekuverenga.
Mubvunzo unomuka: rudzii rwemuenzaniso wekururama watinoda?
Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu zvinoenderana nechinangwa chemuenzaniso wedu. Sezvo chinyorwa ichi chiri nezve modhi-yakavakirwa dhizaini, isu tinogadzira modhi yekugadzirisa iyo control system. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kurongeka kwemuenzaniso kunofanirwa kufananidzwa nekururama kwema sensors anoshandiswa muhurongwa.
Muchiitiko chedu, kutonhora kunoyerwa ne thermocouple, iyo yakarurama ndeye Β± 2.5 Β° C. Chero kurongeka kwepamusoro kwechinangwa chekumisikidza hurongwa hwekutonga hakuna maturo; yedu chaiyo yekutonga system inongo "haione" iyo. Saka, kana tikafungidzira kuti tembiricha yekumisa yenhamba isingaperi yezvikamu i70 Β°C, saka modhi inotipa inodarika 67.5 Β°C ichave yakarurama zvakakwana. Mamodheru ese ane mapoinzi matatu muchitokisi chekuverenga uye mamodheru akakura kupfuura 3x5 ane poindi imwe muchitokisi. (Yakaratidzwa mugirinhi muTebhurari 5)
Dynamic operating modes
Kuongorora hutongi hune simba, tichaongorora maitiro ekuchinja kwekushisa panzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinotonhora zvakanyanya pamadziro ekupisa kupisa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirongwa zvekugadzira. (ona mufananidzo 8)
Mufananidzo 8. Kudziya kupisa kupisa. Mienzaniso yezviyero 2x2 uye 10x10.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nguva yeshanduko uye hunhu hwayo hwakazvimiririra kubva pahuwandu hwemaseru ekuverenga, uye inotarirwa chete nehuremu hwesimbi inopisa.
Nokudaro, tinogumisa kuti pakuenzanisira kwakanaka kwechitsinhanisi chekupisa mumamodhi kubva pa20 kusvika ku150 Β° C, nekururama kunodiwa neSCR control system, inenge 10 - 20 design points yakakwana.
Kumisikidza dynamic modhi inoenderana nekuyedza
Kuva nemuenzaniso wemasvomhu, pamwe chete nedata rekuedza pakuchenesa mutsinhanisi wekupisa, zvese zvatinofanira kuita kuita kururamisa kuri nyore, kureva, kuunza chinhu chekuwedzera mumuenzaniso kuitira kuti kuverenga kuenderane nemhedzisiro yekuedza.
Uyezve, tichishandisa graphical modhi yekugadzira nharaunda, isu tichaita izvi otomatiki. Mufananidzo 9 unoratidza algorithm yekusarudza kupisa kutamisa intensification coefficients. Iyo data yakawanikwa kubva mukuedza inopihwa kune iyo yekuisa, iyo yekupisa exchanger modhi yakabatana, uye iyo inodiwa coefficients yega yega mode inowanikwa pane inobuda.
Mufananidzo 9. Algorithm yekusarudza iyo intensification coefficient zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuedza.
Nekudaro, isu tinosarudza iyo imwechete coefficient yenhamba yeNusselt uye kubvisa kusavimbika mumaitiro ekuverenga. Kune akasiyana maitiro ekushanda uye tembiricha, hunhu hwekugadzirisa zvinhu hunogona kuchinja, asi kune mamwe maitiro ekushandisa (yakajairika kushanda) anozove ari padyo. Semuenzaniso, kune yakapihwa yekutsinhanisa yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana coefficient inotangira pa0.492 kusvika 0.655.
Kana tikashandisa coefficient ye 0.6, ipapo mumashandisi ekushanda pasi pekudzidza kukanganisa kwekuverenga kunenge kuri kushoma pane thermocouple kukanganisa, saka, nokuda kwegadziriro yekutonga, muenzaniso wemasvomhu wekupisa kupisa uchave wakakwana zvakakwana kumuenzaniso chaiwo.
Mhedzisiro yekumisikidza iyo heat exchanger modhi
Kuongorora kunaka kwekupisa kupisa, hunhu hunokosha hunoshandiswa - kunyatsoshanda:
kupi:
effkupisa - kunyatsoshanda kwechitsinhanisi chekushisa kune inopisa inopisa;
Tmakomoin - tembiricha painopinza kune inopisa inodziya pamwe neinopisa inotonhorera inoyerera nzira;
Tmakomopanze - tembiricha panzvimbo yekubuda kwechitsinhanisa chavo chekupisa padivi penzira inopisa inotonhorera inoyerera;
Thoroin - tembiricha painopinza kune inobatisa kupisa ichitevedza nzira inotonhora inotonhorera inoyerera.
Tafura yechitatu inoratidza kutsauka kwekushanda kwemuenzaniso wekupisa kupisa kubva kune yekuedza pamitengo yakasiyana-siyana yekuyerera pamwe chete nemitsetse inopisa uye inotonhora.
Tafura 3. Zvikanganiso mukuverenga kupisa kwekushisa kushanda zvakanaka mu%
Muchiitiko chedu, iyo coefficient yakasarudzwa inogona kushandiswa mumhando dzose dzekushanda dzinofarira kwatiri. Kana pakaderera kuyerera kwemazinga, uko kukanganisa kwakakura, kudiwa kunodiwa hakugoneki, tinogona kushandisa shanduko yekuwedzera yekuwedzera, iyo ichaenderana neiyo ikozvino kuyerera.
Semuenzaniso, muMufananidzo 10, iyo intensification coefficient inoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura yakapihwa zvichienderana neazvino kuyerera mwero mumaseru echiteshi.
Mufananidzo 10. Kusiyana kwekushisa kwekufambisa kuwedzera kwekofi.
zvakawanikwa
- Kuziva kwemitemo yepanyama inokubvumira kuti ugadzire mamodhiyo ane simba echinhu chemuenzaniso-based design.
- Iyo modhi inofanirwa kuve yakasimbiswa uye yakarongedzwa zvichibva pane bvunzo data.
- Maturusi ekusimudzira emhando anofanirwa kubvumira mugadziri kuti agadzirise modhi zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuyedza chinhu.
- Shandisa nzira yakakodzera yemuenzaniso-yakavakirwa uye iwe uchafara!
Bonus kune vakapedza kuverenga.
Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. , Munogamuchirwa.
Chii chandinofanira kutaura pamusoro pechinotevera?
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76,2%Nzira yekuratidza sei kuti purogiramu mumuenzaniso inoenderana nepurogiramu mune hardware.16
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23,8%Maitiro ekushandisa supercomputer komputa yemuenzaniso-based design.5
21 mushandisi akavhota. 1 mushandisi haana.
Source: www.habr.com