Musi waApril 23, sangano risingabatsiri reMozilla, iro rinobatanidzwa mune akati wandei mapurojekiti akanangana nekuwana mahara, kuvanzika uye kuchengetedzeka paInternet, uye zvakare inogadzira iyo Firefox web browser, yakaburitswa. nezve "hutano" hwetiweki yepasi rose muna 2019, zvichibata pamabatiro eInternet munharaunda uye nehupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ese.
Chirevo chinopenda mufananidzo wakasanganiswa. Chekutanga, zvinoonekwa kuti pakutanga kwegore rino vanhu vakayambuka chipingamupinyi chakakosha - "50% yevanhu vari paPasi vatove online." Sekureva kwesangano iri, nepo dandemutande repasi rose richiunza zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanaka muupenyu hwedu, vanhu vari kuramba vachishushikana kuti Indaneti nesocial network zvinokanganisa sei vana vedu, basa redu uye democracy.
Sangano parakaburitsa chirevo gore rapfuura, nyika yakaona kunyomba kweFacebook-Cambridge Analytica kuchiitika apo pasocial network kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwedata kunyengedza mishandirapamwe yezvematongerwo enyika kwakaratidzwa, izvo zvakazoita kuti muvambi weFacebook Mark Zuckerberg amanikidzwa kutaura. US Congress nekukumbira ruregerero, uye kambani yakagadziridza zvakanyanya mutemo wayo wekuvanzika. Mushure meiyi nyaya, mamirioni avanhu akaona kuti kupararira uye kusingagamuchirwe kugovana kwedata rakavanzika, kukurumidza kukura, centralization uye kudyidzana kwepasi rose kweindasitiri yetekinoroji, pamwe nekushungurudzwa kwekushambadzira kwepamhepo uye masocial network zvakakonzera kuwanda kwematambudziko.
Vanhu vakawanda vakatanga kubvunza mibvunzo: chii chatinofanira kuita pamusoro peizvi? Tinogona sei kutungamira nyika yedhijitari munzira kwayo?
Mozilla inonongedza kuti hurumende dzemuEurope dzakangoonekwa dzichiita matanho akasiyana-siyana ekutarisa kuchengetedzwa kwepamhepo uye kudzivirira zvingangoita disinformation pamberi pesarudzo dzeEU dziri kuuya. Takaona makambani makuru etekinoroji achiedza zvese kubva pakuita kuti kushambadza kwavo uye zvemukati algorithms zvive pachena kusvika pakugadzira mabhodhi etsika (zvisinei nemhedzisiro, uye vatsoropodzi vanoramba vachiti "unoda kuita zvimwe zvakawanda!"). Uye pakupedzisira, takaona maCEO, vezvematongerwo enyika nevaratidziri vachirwa kuti vasarudze kwekuenda. Hatina kukwanisa "kugadzirisa" matambudziko aripo, uye kunyangwe GDPR (iyo EU's General Data Protection Regulation) yanga isati yave mushonga, asi nzanga inoratidzika kunge iri kupinda munguva itsva yekukakavadzana kuri kuitika pamusoro peiyo ine hutano dhijitari. nzanga inofanira kutaridzika.
Chekutanga, Mozilla inotaura nezve matambudziko matatu anotsikirira eiyo network yemazuva ano:
- Iko kudikanwa kwekugonesa kushandiswa kwehungwaru hwekunyepedzera uye kudzikisira chiyero chekushandiswa kwayo kunotariswa, kubvunza mibvunzo yakadai sekuti: Ndiani anogadzira algorithms? Ndeapi data ravanoshandisa? Ndiani anosarurwa? Zvinocherechedzwa kuti hungwaru hwekugadzira hwave kushandiswa mumabasa akakosha uye anonetsa, akadai sekusarudza nezvekugadzirisa uye kupa inishuwarenzi yehutano kuvanhu veUnited States kana kutsvaga matsotsi anogona kupomera vanhu vasina mhosva.
- Kudiwa kwekufungisisazve hupfumi hwekushambadzira kunotsanangurwa, nokuti nzira yemazuva ano, apo munhu ava chinhu, uye kutarisa kwese kwakava chinhu chinosungirwa chekutengesa, hachichagoni kugamuchirwa.
- Inoongorora kuti makambani makuru anopesvedzera sei hupenyu hwedu uye kuti hurumende dzemuno mumaguta makuru dzinogona sei kubatanidza tekinoroji munzira dzinobatsira veruzhinji kwete zvekutengesa. Muenzaniso inyaya iyo zviremera zveNew York zvakakwanisa kuisa kumanikidza kuAmazon kuunza software inoverenga zvinyorwa kubva pachiratidziro kune vanhu vane matambudziko ekuona mune yayo Kindle e-reader. Nekune rimwe divi, chinyorwa chinoratidza sei, pasi pechifukidzo chekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvemudhorobha, matekinoroji akawanda ari kuunzwa anobvumira kutariswa kwakakwana kwevanhu mumigwagwa yemuguta.
Chokwadi, mushumo haungogumiri pamisoro mitatu chete. Inotaura zvakare nezve: kutyisidzira kwezvakadzama - tekinoroji yekutsiva chiso chemunhu pavhidhiyo nechiso chemumwe munhu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza mukurumbira, kushandiswa kwe disinformation uye hunyengeri hwakasiyana-siyana, pamusoro pekugona kwevashandisi-yakagadzirwa munzanga. midhiya mapuratifomu, pamusoro pezvinonyadzisira kuverenga nekunyora, nezvekudyara mukuisa tambo dzepasi pemvura, njodzi yekutumira mhedzisiro yekuongorora kweDNA yako munzvimbo yeruzhinji nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Saka ndeipi mhedzisiro yeMozilla? Indaneti ine hutano hwakadii izvozvi? Sangano rinoona zvakaoma kupa mhinduro chaiyo. Mamiriro edhijitari inzvimbo yakaoma ecosystem, kungofanana nenyika yatinogara pairi. Gore rapfuura rakaona akati wandei maitiro akanaka anoratidza kuti iyo Internet uye hukama hwedu nayo iri kufamba munzira kwayo:
- Mafoni ekuchengetedzwa kwedata remunhu ari kukura zvakanyanya. Gore rapfuura rakaunza shanduko huru mukuziva kweveruzhinji kuvanzika uye kuchengetedzeka munyika yedhijitari, tinotenda muchikamu chikuru kune Cambridge Analytica scandal. Kuziva uku kuri kuramba kuchikura uye kunoshandurirwawo kuita mitemo nepurojekiti chaiyo. Vatongi veEurope, nerubatsiro rwevanocherechedza masangano ehurumende uye vashandisi vepa internet, vari kusimbisa kutevedza kweGDPR. Mumwedzi ichangopfuura, Google yakabhadhariswa € 50 miriyoni yekutyorwa kweGDPR muFrance, uye makumi ezviuru zvekutyora zvichemo zvakamhan'arwa pasi rese.
- Pane kumwe kufamba kwakanangana nekushandisa zvine hunyanzvi kweartificial intelligence (AI). Sezvo kukanganisa kweiyo AI maitiro kunowedzera kuoneka, nyanzvi nevaratidziri vari kutaura uye kutsvaga mhinduro nyowani. Matanho akadai seSafe Face Pledge ari kuvandudza tekinoroji yekuongorora kumeso iyo inogona kubatsira kune vese. Uye nyanzvi dzakaita saJoy Buolamwini, muvambi weAlgorithmic Justice League, vanotaura nezvebasa remasangano ane simba seFederal Trade Commission uye EU's Global Tech Group panyaya iyi.
- Kunyanya kutarisisa kuri kubhadharwa kune basa uye pesvedzero yemakambani makuru. Mugore rapfuura, vanhu vakawanda vakacherechedza kuti makambani masere anodzora yakawanda yeInternet. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maguta eUS neEurope ari kupesana navo, vachiona kuti matekinoroji emakanzuru anoisa pamberi pekodzero dzevanhu pane purofiti yekutengeserana. Coalition "»parizvino ine vatori vechikamu vanopfuura gumi nevaviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, vashandi veGoogle, Amazon neMicrosoft vari kuda kuti vashandirwi vavo vasashandise kana kutengesa tekinoroji yavo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisina chokwadi. Uye pfungwa dzakaita semapuratifomu emubatanidzwa uye varidzi vakagovaniswa vari kuonekwa sedzimwe nzira dzekudyidzana kwemakambani aripo.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, kune nzvimbo dzakawanda uko mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera, kana kune zviitiko zvakaitika zvine chekuita nesangano:
- Internet censorship yatekeshera. Hurumende pasi rose dziri kuramba dzichirambidza kupinda kweInternet nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuongorora zvachose kusvika pakuda kuti vanhu vabhadhare mimwe mitero pakushandisa masocial network. Muna 2018, pakanga paine 188 kubuda kweinternet kwakashumwa pasi rese. Kune zvakare nzira nyowani yekuongororwa: kudzikisira Internet. Hurumende nemasangano anochengetedza mutemo vari kurambidza kupinda mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuitira kuti pasocial media post imwe chete itore maawa kuti ikwire. Michina yakadaro inobatsira hurumende dzinodzvinyirira kuramba mutoro wavo.
- Kushungurudzwa kwedata rebiometric kunoenderera. Kana mapoka makuru evanhu asingakwanise kuwana zviziviso zvebiometric, izvi hazvina kunaka, sezvo zvichigona kuita kuti hupenyu huve nyore muzvinhu zvakawanda. Asi mukuita, tekinoroji yebiometric kazhinji inongobatsira hurumende nemasangano akazvimirira, kwete vanhu. MuIndia, vagari vanopfuura bhiriyoni imwe vakaiswa panjodzi nekuda kwekusagadzikana muAadhaar, yehurumende biometric identification system. Uye muKenya, masangano anorwira kodzero dzevanhu akamhan’arira hurumende achipikisa kugadzirwa kweNational Identity Management System (NIIMS) ichagadzirirwa kuunganidza nekuchengetedza ruzivo rweDNA yevanhu, nzvimbo yeGPS yeimba yavo nezvimwe.
- Artificial intelligence iri kuva mudziyo werusarura. Tech hofori muUS neChina vari kubatanidza AI mukugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana nekumhanya kukuru, pasina kufunga nezvekukuvadza kungangoitika uye kwakaipa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masisitimu ekuzivikanwa kwevanhu anoshandiswa mukutevedzwa kwemutemo, kubhengi, kupinza basa, uye kushambadza kazhinji anosarura vakadzi nevanhu vane ruvara nekuda kwedata risiri iro, fungidziro dzenhema, uye kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuongorora. Mamwe makambani anogadzira "ethics boards" kudzikamisa zviri kunetsa veruzhinji, asi vanotsoropodza vanoti mabhodhi aya ane zvishoma kana kuti haana zvaanoita.
Mushure mekunge matarisa maitiro ose aya uye mamwe akawanda data mumushumo, unogona kugumisa: Indaneti ine mukana wekuti tisimudze uye kutikanda mugomba rakadzika-dzika. Mumakore mashoma apfuura, izvi zvave pachena kuvanhu vakawanda. Zvave pachena zvakare kuti isu tinofanirwa kusimuka toita chimwe chinhu nezvazvo kana tichida kuti nyika yedhijitari yeramangwana ive yakanaka kune vanhu kwete yakaipa.
Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti vanhu vazhinji vari kuzvipira hupenyu hwavo kugadzira hutano, hune hutano hweInternet. Mumushumo weMozilla wegore rino, unogona kuverenga nezvevazvipiri muEthiopia, magweta ekodzero dzedhijitari muPoland, vaongorori vekodzero dzevanhu muIran neChina, nezvimwe.
Sekureva kwaMozilla, chinangwa chikuru chemushumo ndechekuve ratidziro yemamiriro ezvinhu aripo pane network yepasi rose uye sosi yekushanda kuishandura. Inotarisira kukurudzira vanogadzira uye vagadziri kuti vagadzire zvigadzirwa zvemahara, kupa vanogadzira mitemo uye mazano emitemo, uye, pamusoro pezvose, kupa vagari nevanorwira mufananidzo wekuti vamwe vari kuedza sei kuwana Indaneti iri nani, netarisiro yokuti vanhu vakawanda vari pedyo. nyika ichaedza kuchinja navo.
Source: 3dnews.ru