Pakutanga kwegore rechikoro, takasarudza kutaura pamusoro peimwe yezviratidziro kubva muunganidzwa wedu, mufananidzo wacho unoramba uchiyeuka zvakakosha kune zviuru zvevana vechikoro muma1980.
Iyo sere-bit Yamaha KUVT2 iRussified vhezheni yeMSX yakajairika komputa komputa, yakatangwa muna 1983 nebazi reJapan reMicrosoft. Zvakadai, kutaura zvazviri, emitambo mapuratifomu kwakavakirwa vakatapa Japan, Korea neChina, asi vanga vasingazivikanwe muUSA uye vakaomerwa nekufamba muEurope.
KUVT inomirira "dzidzo yekombuta tekinoroji." Iyi fomula yakagadziridzwa muhafu yekutanga yema1980 panguva dzenhaurirano dzakarebesa mumadenderedzwa edzidzo, emakurukota nemaindasitiri. Mhinduro dzemibvunzo nezve nzira yekuvandudza tekinoroji yekombuta uye kudiwa kwekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hweruzivo hazvina kuita sezviri pachena ipapo.
Musi waKurume 17, 1985, Central Committee yeCPSU neKanzuru yeMakurukota eUSSR yakagamuchira chisungo chakabatana "Pamatanho ekuona kuti vadzidzi vane ruzivo rwekombuta muzvikoro zvesekondari uye kuunzwa kwakapararira kwehunyanzvi hwekombuta yemagetsi mukuita kwedzidzo. β Pashure paikoku, dzidzo yesayenzi yekomupiyuta muzvikoro inotanga kuumba gadziriro inotsinhirana zvikuru kana kuti zvishoma, uye muna September 1985 kunotova nomusangano wamarudzi akawanda waβVana Muzera Ramashoko.β
Kavha yechirongwa chemusangano wepasi rose uye kuratidzwa "Vana Muzera reRuzivo", 06-09.05.1985 (kubva mudura reA.P. Ershov, BAN)
Zvechokwadi, ivhu reizvi rakagadzirirwa kwenguva yakareba - yemazuva ano yedzidzo yesekondari mumapoka akasiyana yakatanga kukurukurwa kumashure kwekupera kwema1970.
Kune hupfumi hwakarongwa hweSoviet, sarudzo yakabatana yaive yakakosha zvakanyanya uye yakakurudzira zvakajeka kuita nekukurumidza, asi yakanga isina mhinduro dzakagadzirirwa. Kare, vamwe vana vechikoro vaigona kusangana nemakomputa panguva yekudzidzira maindasitiri, asi zvikoro zvaisave nemakomputa azvo. Zvino, kunyangwe vatungamiriri vakawana mari yekutenga kits dzekudzidzira, vaive vasingazive kuti ndeipi michina yekutenga. Somugumisiro, zvikoro zvizhinji zvakazviwana zviine michina yakasiyana-siyana (yose yeSoviet neinounzwa kunze), dzimwe nguva isingaenderani kunyange mukati mekirasi imwe chete.
Kubudirira mukupararira kweIT muzvikoro kwakatemwa zvakanyanya nemudzidzi Andrei Petrovich Ershov, mune archive yakazara. , yakazvipira kune dambudziko remichina yehunyanzvi yemakirasi esainzi yekombuta. Imwe nyanzvi yepakati pemadhipatimendi yakaita ongororo yekushandiswa kweAgat PC yezvinangwa zvekudzidzisa uye haina kugutsikana: maAgats akave asingaenderane nemamwe makomputa anozivikanwa uye akashanda pahwaro hwe6502 microprocessor, iyo yakanga isina analogue muUSSR. Mushure meizvi, nyanzvi dzekomisheni dzakaongorora sarudzo dzinoverengeka dzemakombuta dziripo pamusika wepasirese - chekutanga, zvaive zvakafanira kusarudza pakati pe8-bit yemakomputa emumba akadai seAtari, Amstrad, Yamaha MSX uye IBM PC inoenderana michina.
Chidimbu kubva kumemo kubva kumunyori wechikamu cheinformatics uye tekinoroji yekombuta mumasangano edzidzo eInterdepartmental Commission paComputer Science, O. F. Titov kuenda kuAcademician A. P. Ershov (kubva mudura reA. P. Ershov, BAN)
Muzhizha ra1985, sarudzo yakaitwa pamakomputa ekuvakwa kweMSX, uye pakazosvika Zvita 4200 seti yakanga yagamuchirwa uye yakagoverwa muUSSR yese. Kuita kwainge kwakaoma nekuti kuendesa zvese zvinyorwa uye software zvakasara kumashure. Uyezve, muna 1986 zvakazoitika kuti software yakagadziridzwa neInformatics Problems yeRussia Academy yeScience haina 100% inoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita: zvimwe zvirongwa chete zvinogona kushandiswa muchikoro, uye chibvumirano hachipi. tsigiro yehunyanzvi.
Saka zano rakanaka rine tsinhiro yakakosha, maitiro ezvidzidzo uye kunyangwe yakasarurwa tekinoroji base (inoda kuendeswa kune vashandisi vekupedzisira) yakatarisana nekudzikira kwehukama pakati pemasangano akasiyana nematunhu. Zvisinei, zvisinei nekuoma kwekushandisa nzira itsva, kuedza kwakatangwa nemasangano ezvidzidzo kwakaunza zvibereko. Vadzidzisi vezvikoro zvechidzidzo chichangobva kutangwa cheOIVT - misimboti yesainzi yekombuta nehunyanzvi hwemakombuta - vakadzidza kutsanangudza zvekutanga zvehurongwa kuvana vechikoro, uye vazhinji vavo vakagona BASIC kupfuura Chirungu.
Vazhinji veavo vakadzidza muzvikoro zveSoviet pakati pema1980 vanorangarira Yamahas noushamwari. Michina iyi pakutanga yakanga iri muchina wekutamba, uye vana vechikoro vaiwanzoishandisa nokuda kwechinangwa chavo chepakutanga.
Sezvo aya aive makomputa echikoro, hazvaigona kukwira mukati pakarepo - dziviriro yekutanga yakapihwa kubva kuvana vanoda kuziva. Iyo kesi haisunungure, asi inovhura nekudzvanya machira ari mumakomba asingaonekwe.
Bhodhi nemachipisi maJapan, kunze kweZilog Z80 microprocessor. Uye munyaya yake, zvichida, mienzaniso yakagadzirwa muJapan yakashandiswa.
Iyo imwechete Zilog Z80 processor iyo zvakare yakapa simba iyo ZX Spectrum, iyo ColecoVision game console, uye kunyange iconic Prophet-5 synthesizer.
Iyo komputa yaive yeRussified, uye iyo keyboard marongero akave anoshamisa kuziso remazuva ano. Mavara echiRussian ari muchimiro chenguva dzose YTSUKEN, asi mavara echiLatin arufabheti akarongwa maererano nemusimboti wekuturikira JCUKEN.
Yedu vhezheni vhezheni yevadzidzi, kushanda kwayo kune zvishoma. Kusiyana neremudzidzisi, haina dhisiki drive controller kana maviri 3" floppy drives.
Mukona yepamusoro yekurudyi kune zviteshi zvekubatanidza serial - zvedzidzo zvekombuta zvakasanganiswa kuita network yemuno.
ROM yemuchina uyu pakutanga yaive nevaturikiri veBASIC uye CP/M neMSX-DOS masisitimu anoshanda.
Makomputa ekutanga aive akashongedzerwa neROM kubva kune yekutanga vhezheni yeMSX
Mamonitor aive akabatana nemakomputa, pakati peakanyanya kuwanda aive EIZO 3010 ane girinhi rudzi rwekupenya. Mufananidzo kunobva
Paive nemhando mbiri dzekushanda: mudzidzi uye mudzidzi; sezviri pachena, izvi zvaive zvakafanira kuti mudzidzisi ape mabasa pamusoro penetiweki yenzvimbo.
Ziva kuti macomputer eMSX ekuvaka akagadzirwa kwete chete neYamaha, asiwo nevamwe vazhinji veJapan, Korea, uye Chinese vanogadzira. Semuenzaniso, kushambadza kwekombuta yeDaewoo MSX.
Zvakanaka, kune avo vakasuwa nezvemakirasi esainzi ekombuta anotonhorera muzvikoro zveSoviet, kune mufaro unokosha - . Unoyeuka here?
Source: www.habr.com