Sangano reUS National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) rakazivisa vakundi vemakwikwi ekriptographic algorithms ayo anoramba kusarudzwa pa quantum komputa. Makwikwi aya akarongwa makore matanhatu apfuura uye ane chinangwa chekusarudza post-quantum cryptography algorithms inokodzera kudomwa semazinga. Munguva yemakwikwi, maalgorithms akakurudzirwa nezvikwata zvekutsvagisa zvepasirese zvakadzidzwa nenyanzvi dzakazvimiririra nekuda kwekusagadzikana uye kusasimba.
Akakunda pakati pealgorithms yepasirese anogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza kufambiswa kweruzivo mumakombuta network aive CRYSTALS-Kyber, ane masimba ari mashoma saizi yemakiyi uye kumhanya kwakanyanya. CRYSTALS-Kyber inokurudzirwa kuti iendeswe kuchikamu chemazinga. Pamusoro peCRYSTALS-Kyber, mamwe mana akajairika-chinangwa algorithms akaonekwa - BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC uye SIKE, izvo zvinoda kumwe kuvandudzwa. Vanyori veaya algorithms vane kusvika Gumiguru 1 mukana wekuvandudza zvakatemwa uye kubvisa zvikanganiso mukuita, mushure mezvo vanogona zvakare kuverengerwa mune yekupedzisira.
Pakati pemaalgorithms ane chinangwa chekushanda nemasiginecha edhijitari, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON uye SPHINCS + inoratidzirwa. Iyo CRYSTALS-Dilithium neFALCON algorithms inoshanda zvakanyanya. CRYSTALS-Dilithium inokurudzirwa seyekutanga algorithm yemasiginecha edhijitari, uye FALCON yakatarisana nemhinduro dzinoda saizi shoma yekusaina. SPHINCS + inosarira kuseri kwemaalgorithms maviri ekutanga maererano nesaizi yekusaina uye nekumhanya, asi inosanganisirwa pakati pevanopedzisa senge sarudzo yekuchengetedza, sezvo yakavakirwa pamisimboti yakasiyana yemasvomhu.
Kunyanya, iyo CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium uye FALCON algorithms anoshandisa cryptography nzira dzinobva pakugadzirisa lattice theory matambudziko, iyo nguva yekugadzirisa iyo isingasiyane pane yakajairwa uye quantum makomputa. Iyo SPHINCS + algorithm inoshandisa hash function-based cryptography nzira.
Iwo algorithms epasirese akasiiwa kuti avandudzwe akavakirwawo pane mamwe mamisimboti - BIKE neHQC vanoshandisa zvinhu zvealgebraic coding theory uye mutsara macode, zvakare anoshandiswa mukukanganisa kugadzirisa zvirongwa. NIST inoda kuenderera mberi nekumisa imwe yeaya algorithms kuti ipe imwe nzira kune yakatosarudzwa CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm, iyo yakavakirwa palattice theory. Iyo SIKE algorithm yakavakirwa pakushandiswa kwesupersingular isogeny (kutenderera mune supersingular isogeny graph) uye zvakare inoonekwa semumiriri wekumira, sezvo iine diki kiyi saizi. Iyo Classic McEliece algorithm iri pakati pevakapedza, asi haisati yamiswa nekuda kwehukuru hukuru hwekiyi yeruzhinji.
Iko kudikanwa kwekuvandudza uye kuenzanisa crypto-algorithms itsva imhaka yekuti quantum makomputa, ayo ave kushingaira kukura munguva pfupi yapfuura, kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuora nhamba yechisikigo muzvinhu zvakakosha (RSA, DSA) uye discrete logarithm ye elliptic curve points ( ECDSA), iyo iri pasi pemazuva ano asymmetric encryption algorithms. makiyi eruzhinji uye haigone kugadziriswa zvine mutsindo pane ekare processors. Padanho razvino rebudiriro, kugona kwemakomputa equantum haasati akwana kupaza ikozvino classical encryption algorithms uye siginecha yedhijitari yakavakirwa pamakiyi eruzhinji, senge ECDSA, asi zvinofungidzirwa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinja mukati memakore gumi uye zvinodikanwa. kugadzirira hwaro hwekuendesa cryptosystems kune mitsva mitsva.
Source: opennet.ru