Iyo LGA2066 chikuva uye ma processor emhuri yeSkylake-X akaunzwa neIntel kupfuura gore nehafu rapfuura. Pakutanga, mhinduro iyi yaive yakanangana nekambani pachikamu cheHEDT, ndiko kuti, pamasisitimu epamusoro evashandisi vanogadzira uye kugadzirisa zvirimo, nekuti Skylake-X yaive nenhamba yakakura kwazvo yemakomputa cores zvichienzaniswa nevamiriri veKaby. Mhuri dzeLake neKofi Lake.
Nekudaro, munguva yakapfuura kubva pakaunzwa Skylake-X, mamiriro emusika we processor achinja zvakanyanya, uye nhasi maCPU anokwanisika anogona kunge ane matanhatu kana masere ekugadzirisa macores, uye anovimbisa makuru maCPU, ayo anofanirwa kuburitswa mukati. gore rino, anogona kuva gumi kana kunyange gumi nemaviri cores. Izvi zvinoita kuti Skylake-X ive isina basa chip? Zvingangodaro kwete. Chekutanga, pakati pevamiriri veiyi nhevedzano pane zvinopihwa zvine 16 uye 18 cores, uye zvechokwadi hapazove nemazhinji sarudzo saivo pamusika munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Kechipiri, iyo LGA2066 chikuva ine zvimwe zvakanakira izvo zvinoisiyanisa kubva kune akajairwa vatengi processors, senge hukuru muhuwandu hwendangariro nzira uye inowanikwa PCI Express nzira.
Naizvozvo, iyo cosmetic yekuvandudza yeSkylake-X mutsara, iyo microprocessor hofori yakaitwa mukupera kwegore rapfuura, yaiita seine musoro - yakanyatsokwana muIntel yegore rekuzivisa hurongwa. Nekudaro, maitiro emugadziri kune zvigadzirwa zvitsva zveHEDT aishamisa zvishoma: kambani haina kungodzokorora mitengo, asi yakarambawo kupa samples dzema processor kuIT press, ichizvimisa kune chete mharidzo yepamutemo uye kutanga kwakatevera kwekutengesa. .
Sezviri pachena, kambani yakaona Skylake-X nyowani seyechipiri uye isingafadze zvigadzirwa, asi isu hatibvumirani nazvo nekuumbwa uku. Ehe, iyo nhamba yemakomputa cores yevamiriri veiyi modhi renji haina kuwedzera panguva yekuvandudza maitiro. Nekudaro, ivo vanosanganisira kumwe kuvandudzwa kunonakidza: zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakawedzera kumhanya wachi, yakawedzera L3 cache kugona, uye yakagadziridzwa yemukati yekupisa interface. Naizvozvo, isu takasarudza kutarisisa kune yakagadziridzwa Skylake-X, umo isu takabatsirwa zvakanyanya neRegard komputa chitoro, iyo yakabvuma kupa mbiri itsva LGA2066 gumi-core processors ekutsvaga: Core i9-9820X uye Core i9-9900X.
Uye zvakare, kubva panguva chaiyo yekuziviswa kweSkylake-X Refresh, isu takashungurudzwa nemubvunzo: sei Intel yakasarudza zita zvinovhiringa rakafanana neanozivikanwa sere-core Core i9-9900K yevakuru gumi-core HEDT processor? Izvi zvinorevei? Uye ikozvino tine mukana wekuzvinzwisisa ...
Skylake-X Refresh range
Intel yakazivisa kutaridzika kwevatsva LGA2066 processors ine nhamba dzemodhi kubva kuzviuru zvipfumbamwe zvakatevedzana kumashure muna Gumiguru gore rapfuura. Zvigadzirwa zvitsva izvi zvaisanganisira mamodheru manomwe: matanhatu Core i9 akateedzana processor ane akati wandei macores kubva gumi kusvika 10 uye sere-musimboti Core i18 modhi, ine mamiriro ekupinda-chikamu chimwe. Iko hakuna matanhatu-core kana quad-core processors eLGA7 muchizvarwa chitsva, izvo hazvishamise kupihwa kukurumidza kukura kwekwaniso kwe LGA2066v1151 chikuva.
| Cores/ threads | Base frequency, GHz | Turbo frequency, GHz | L3 cache, MB | ndangariro | TDP, W | mutengo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core i9-9980XE | 18/36 | 3,0 | 4,5 | 24,75 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 979 |
| Core i9-9960X | 16/32 | 3,1 | 4,5 | 22,0 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 684 |
| Core i9-9940X | 14/28 | 3,3 | 4,5 | 19,25 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 387 |
| Core i9-9920X | 12/24 | 3,5 | 4,5 | 19,25 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $ 1 189 |
| Core i9-9900X | 10/20 | 3,5 | 4,5 | 19,25 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $989 |
| Core i9-9820X | 10/20 | 3,3 | 4,2 | 16,5 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $889 |
| Core i7-9800X | 8/16 | 3,8 | 4,5 | 16,5 | DDR4-2666 | 165 | $589 |
Shanduko inonyanya kucherechedzwa muma processor akanyorwa patafura, kana ichienzaniswa neyekare Skylake-X 200 akatevedzana modhi, kwaive kuwedzera kwekumhanya kwewachi. Nominal frequencies akawedzera ne 600-200 MHz, uye mafrequency akawanda anowanikwa kana turbo mode yakabatidzwa yakawedzera ne 300-1,375 MHz. Uye zvakare, vamiriri vadiki veakateedzana vakawedzera huwandu hwechitatu-level cache memory. Pakutanga, yakaverengerwa zvichienderana nemutemo we "2 MB per core," asi ikozvino imwe neimwe core inogona kusvika inosvika 7 MB yecache. Uye chekupedzisira, PCI Express controller yesere-musimboti Core i9800-44X yakavhurwa zvachose, nekuda kwekuti processor iyi ine nzira dzese makumi mana nemana, dzaimbowanikwa chete muma processor ane gumi kana anopfuura cores.
Nekudaro, shanduko dzese idzi dzinofadza dzaisanganisira kuwedzera kwechizvarwa chekupisa. Nepo chizvarwa chekutanga Skylake-X chaive nemafuta ekupisa akaganhurirwa ku140 W, iwo ma processor matsva anowedzera TDP hunhu kusvika 165 W. Mune mamwe mazwi, kune iyo yakawedzera mafrequency anopihwa kune matsva processors pasina chero yakakosha shanduko mu14-nm tekinoroji maitiro anoshandiswa pakugadzira kwavo, iwe unofanirwa kubhadhara nesimba rakawedzerwa uye nekupisa miganhu.
Chokwadi, Intel pachayo inotaura kuti kuunzwa kweyechitatu vhezheni yekugadzira tekinoroji, kodhi-inonzi 14 ++ nm, iyo yava kushandiswa kugadzira Kofi Lake uye Kofi Lake Refresh processors, yakaita kuti ikwanise kuwedzera hunhu hwekumhanya. Uye kana zvisiri zveizvi, kusunungurwa kwekupisa kunogona kunge kwakanyanya. Asi hapana chikonzero chekutya kuti Skylake-X nyowani inogona kukurumidza kupisa. Yakavandudzwa thermal interface zvinhu pasi pechivharo chekugovera kupisa kunofanirwa kudzikisa tembiricha yekushandisa yema processor matsva. Nzvimbo yeyakamboshandiswa polymer thermal paste yakatorwa ne solder ine zviri pachena yakakwirira yekupisa conductivity.
Asi zvese zvataurwa pamusoro apa ingori muromo weiyo iceberg. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti shanduko mune zvakatemwa, uye kunyanya kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwechitatu-level cache memory, ine hwaro husingatarisirwi. Ikozvino, kugadzira HEDT processors, Intel yatanga kushandisa semiconductor makristasi akasiyana zvishoma mune zvinoreva.
Izvi zvinoreva zvinotevera: HEDT processors yagara iri desktop yakasiyana-siyana ye server chips. Nechinyakare, Intel yakatora magadzirirwo madiki eXeon, akachinjisa ndangariro controller uye humwe humwe hunhu kwavari, ndokuvaendesa kunzvimbo yedesktop. Panguva imwe chete, apo kune yayo sevha zvigadzirwa Intel yakagadzira matatu shanduro semiconductor makristasi: LCC (Low Core Count) ine gumi cores, HCC (High Core Count) ine gumi nemasere cores uye XCC (eXtreme Core Count) ine makumi maviri nemasere cores, mudesktop. HEDT processors yaisanganisira chete akareruka mavhezheni emakristasi. Nekudaro, chizvarwa chekutanga Skylake-X processors ine 10, 18 uye gumi cores yakashandisa LCC crystal, uye kugadziridzwa ne28, 6, 8 uye 10 cores yakashandisa HCC crystal.
Mune yakagadziridzwa Skylake-X, yatiri kutaura nezvayo nhasi, iyo yakaderera-yekupedzisira vhezheni yeLCC crystal haichashandiswi. Ese matsva eHEDT processors ezviuru zvipfumbamwe zvakatevedzana, kusanganisira sere- uye gumi-yakakosha shanduro, yakavakirwa paHCC crystal. Ndokureva kuti, kunyangwe iyo Core i7-9800X kana Core i9-9900X ingangove ine gumi nemasere cores, asi chikamu chakakosha chayo chakavharirwa muhardware padanho rekugadzira.
Iyi sarudzo, isinganzwisisike pakutanga kutarisa, yakaitwa chaizvo kuti iwedzere huwandu hwecache memory muma processors matsva. Chimiro chemukati cheSkylake-X chinofungidzira kuti imwe neimwe yekombuta yakapihwa chikamu checache memory ine vhoriyamu ye1,375 MB. Uye dai iyo Core i9-9900X yakanga yashandisa yakaderera-magumo LCC crystal, iyi processor zvirokwazvo ingadai isina kukwanisa kuwana inodarika 13,75 MB yeL3 cache. Iyo hombe yeHCC inofa inonyanya kuchinjika mune izvi, ine yakazara 24,75 MB ye cache, uye iyi yakawedzera vhoriyamu inoshandiswa zvishoma mumasere- uye gumi-core processors eiyo wave itsva.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvese Skylake-X zvakave zvakabatana mukugadzira, asi kuderera kwekubatana uku kwaive kushandiswa kwakapararira kweiyo hombe semiconductor kufa ine nzvimbo inosvika 485 mm2, inodarika kaviri nehafu. iyo nzvimbo inofa yesere-yakakosha Kofi Lake Refresh. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero yeLGA2066 processors ezviuru zvipfumbamwe zvakatevedzana ine mutengo wakakwira zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa neiyo Core i9-9900K. Asi zvisinei neizvi, iyo sere-musimboti Core i9-9800X mune yepamutemo mutengo runyorwa inotengwa chete $100 kupfuura iyo Core i9-9900K. Naizvozvo, zvine musoro kufunga kuti kugadzirwa kwemasere- uye gumi-core processors akavakirwa pa18-core crystals achiri kuita imwe pfungwa yehupfumi yeIntel, semuenzaniso, kambani inoshandisa mukana uyu kutengesa semiconductor makristasi ane nhamba huru yekugadzira. kuremara, izvo kusvika zvino zvisingakwanisi kuwana kushandiswa kwakakodzera.
Zvimwe nezve gumi-core Core i9-9900X uye Core i9-9820X
Kuti tiedze, takatora maviri gumi-core processors e "new wave" - Core i9-9900X uye Core i9-9820X. Kunyangwe maCPU aya akatamira kune itsva HCC crystal, haana kuchinja zvakanyanya zvichienzaniswa neCore i9-7900X. Kazhinji, pakuburitsa zvizvarwa zvechipiri zvema processor eshanduro dzakapfuura dzeHEDT papuratifomu, Intel yakavaendesa kune itsva microarchitecture, asi izvi hazvina kuitika izvozvi. Shanduko idzi dzakangobata manhamba ma paramita, asi zvine mutsindo muchimiro cheCore i9-9900X uye Core i9-9820X tine chinhu chakafanana chakapihwa negumi-core Core i9-7900X ya2017.
Asi chizvarwa chechipiri Skylake-X hachina matambudziko ekuenderana: anoshanda zvakanaka mumabhodhi e LGA2066 aripo akavakirwa paIntel X299 system logic set. Kufanana nevakatangira, ivo vane mana-channel DDR4 memory controller, uye yakavakirwa-mukati PCI Express 3.0 controller inotsigira 44 nzira, iyo muchirevo inogona kukamurwa kuita nhamba isingaverengeki yezvitsiga - kubva pamatatu kusvika gumi nerimwe.
Nekudaro, iyo HCC semiconductor crystal iri pasi peCore i9-9900X uye Core i9-9820X yakati yakasiyana nemakristaro aishandiswa mune yekare Skylake-X kare. Kunyangwe kutsika kwacho kwakachengeta iyo nhamba yeM0, yaive yakajairwa kushanduro dzekutanga dzeSkylake-X iine anopfuura gumi nemaviri cores, Intel zvino yakatanga kushandisa yakagadziridzwa lithographic masks mukuita kwekugadzira nekuda kwekushandiswa kweakakura 12++ nm. process tekinoroji panzvimbo yeiyo yapfuura 14+ nm process tekinoroji. Musiyano wakakosha pakati petekinoroji ndiyo yakakura zvishoma pakati pemagedhi e transistor, ayo, sezvatakatoona neKofi Lake, ane mhedzisiro yakanaka pane frequency inogona.
Paiyo microarchitecture level, hapana shanduko zvachose. Sezvineiwo, iyo nyowani Skylake-X Refresh processors haina kana kusanganisa chero zvigadziriso zvemahara kurwisa iyo Meltdown uye Specter kusagadzikana. Uye izvi zvinoshamisa zvakapihwa chokwadi chekuti mune yakafanana chigadzirwa Kofi Lake Refresh, yakaburitswa panguva imwe chete, mamwe mapeche akange atoonekwa. Semuenzaniso, mazuva ano LGA1151v2 processors anodzivirirwa kubva kuMeltdown (Variant 3) uye L1TF (Variant 5) kurwiswa padanho rehardware.
Asi icho hachisi kunyange chinhu chinonyanya kugumbura. Chikonzero chikuru chekushungurudzika kushaikwa kwechero shanduko muchirongwa chekubatanidza zvikamu zve processor kuita imwechete. Skylake-X Refresh inoenderera mberi nekushandisa peer-to-peer mesh network yakafukidzwa pamusoro pemhando ye processor cores. Iyi inter-core connection scheme inoshanda zvakanaka nekuwedzera kwakakosha kwehuwandu hwemacores muserver processors, asi kune zvigadzirwa zveHEDT zvisina huwandu hwakanyanya hwemacores zvakatonyanya kuenderana neyakajairwa bhazi remhete, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekunonoka. . Imwe yenzira dzekurwisa iyi yakaipa mhedzisiro inogona kunge iri yekumhanyisa Mesh kubatana, asi pano zvese zvinoramba zvakafanana. Iyo yekushanda frequency yeanobatanidza mune ese apfuura uye azvino Skylake-X yakaiswa pa 2,4 GHz, saka iyo L3 cache uye memory controller yeLGA2066 processors inooneka yakaipisisa latency ichienzaniswa nehombe yeKofi Lake Refresh. Chokwadi, izvi zvakatsiviwa necache yakawedzera yechipiri-level, iyo muSkylake-X ine vhoriyamu ye1 MB pamusimboti, uye kwete kana zvishoma zvishoma.
Zvese izvi zvinogona kuenzanisirwa zviri nyore negraph ye latency yendangariro subsystem yechizvarwa chazvino Skylake-X processors mukuenzanisa neKofi Lake Refresh. Inoratidza zvakajeka kushomeka kwekuvandudza mune latency mamiriro eiyo HEDT processors.
Asi iwo matsva gumi-musimboti processors anogona kuzvirumbidza nekufambira mberi mukumhanya kwewachi uye saizi yekurangarira cache. Semuyenzaniso, iyo Core i9-9900X ine akabatwa L3 cache ye19,25 MB, iri 40% yakakura kupfuura saizi yecache mune yapfuura gumi-core processor, Core i9-7900X. Iyo base frequency yeiyo modhi nyowani yakawedzera kubva pa3,3 kusvika 3,5 GHz, asi iyo yakanyanya frequency yeCore i9-9900X muturbo mode inogona kusvika yakafanana 4,5 GHz yaivepo kune gumi-core processor yechizvarwa chakapfuura. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, kusvika pa4,5 GHz zvinoda kushandiswa kweTurbo Boost Max 3.0 tekinoroji; ine yechinyakare turbo modhi, iyo yakanyanya frequency yeCore i9-9900X ndeye 4,4 GHz.
Nekudaro, mukuita mamiriro acho nema frequency eCore i9-9900X akati siyanei. Kana macores ese akaremerwa, processor inoshanda pa4,1 GHz.
Kana mutoro uyu ukashandisa mirairo yeAVX, iyo processor frequency yakaderedzwa kusvika 3,8 GHz.
Uye iyo yakanyanya kuomesesa-yakaomesesa 512-bit mirairo kubva kune itsva AVX-512 seti, pakuremerwa kwakazara pamacores ese, inomanikidza processor kuti inonoke kusvika ku3,4 GHz, iyo, inofanirwa kucherechedzwa, yakatodzika kupfuura iyo yezita frequency yakaziviswa. mune zvakatemwa.
Kana tikataura nezve gumi-core Core i9-9820X, iri nhanho imwe kudzika, inosiyana kubva kune mukoma wayo mukuru kunyanya muhuwandu hwechitatu-level cache memory, iyo yakachekwa kusvika 16,5 MB. Iwo akatemerwa ma frequency zvakare akadzikira zvishoma, asi isu hatifanirwe kukanganwa kuti ese Intel HEDT processors ane emahara akawanda, izvo zvinobvumira vanofarira kufuratira iyi drawback.
Nekudaro, iyo yezita frequency yeCore i9-9820X i3,3 GHz, uye iyo yakanyanya frequency muturbo mode ndeye 4,1 kana 4,2 GHz, zvichienderana nekuti tiri kutaura nezveTurbo Boost 2.0 kana Turbo Boost Max 3.0 tekinoroji.
Mukuita, kana uchishanda processor ine default zvigadziriso uye kurodha pane ese macores, iyo Core i9-9820X inokwanisa kushanda pane frequency ye4,0 GHz.
Kana mutoro ukashandisa mirairo yeAVX, purosesa inoderedza nguva yekushanda kusvika 3,8 GHz.
Uye muAVX-512 modhi, iyo frequency yeCore i9-9820X inodonha kune yayo yezita kukosha kwe3,3.
Kutaura nezve magadzirirwo matsva gumi-epakati LGA2066 processors ari nani pane yekare Core i9-7900X, isu hatigone kubatsira asi kurangarira shanduko yekushandisa yakanyanya kunaka yemukati yekupisa. Chivharo chekupisa kupisa chave kutengeswa kune kufa nenzira yakafanana neKofi Lake Refresh. Intel inotaura kuti nekuda kweizvi, ma processors matsva anotonhodzwa zvakanyanya uye anoshanda pane yakaderera tembiricha, asi kune maviri makavha. Chekutanga, the solder Intel anoshandisa haina kunyanya kufarirwa pakati pe overclockers, sezvo isinganyanyi kushanda pane yemvura simbi. Uye chechipiri, ikozvino scalping maitiro haasvikiki kune vakawanda vanofarira: zvave zvakaoma zvikuru kubvisa chivharo pasina kukuvadza purosesa, saka zvakanyanya kuoma kuvandudza huripo hwekupisa.
Kupedzisa nyaya nezve maitiro eCore i9-9900X uye Core i9-9820X, zvakakodzera kutaura mitengo. Pano, Intel haina kuratidza chero fungidziro uye yakaisa mutengo weiyo yekare gumi-musimboti Core i9-9900X pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe iyo yakakumbira iyo Core i989-9X processor yechizvarwa chakapfuura. Asi iyo Core i7900-9X inodhura $ 9820 zvishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti ive inoyevedza kupa kune vanofarira, nekuti iyo 100% diki L15 cache haigone kuve nekukanganisa kwakakosha pakuita, uye inomhanya wachi inomhanya kune chaivo vanofarira kuita kwepamusoro. hazvina zvazvinoreva.
Source: 3dnews.ru