Kuzvarwa kwengano
Zvakaitika munhoroondo kuti iyo Windows inoshanda sisitimu mhuri kubva kuMicrosoft yave iyo inotungamira sisitimu yekushandisa pasirese. Kukwirira kweimwe nzira yekushandisa kwakafanotemerwa zvekare. Dai Soviet Union isina kudonha mukutanga kwe90s yezana ramakore rapfuura, imwe nzira yekushanda yakasiyana zvachose ingadai yakashandiswa pa1/6 yenyika uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Iwe unogona kuseka nezve Cheburnet kwenguva yakareba, asi chero superpower's software chinhu chekutanga chinodiwa chekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Asi ikozvino hazvisi pamusoro pazvo.
Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mumwe wevakatanga Microsoft - Bill Gates - akazviwana aine software yake chigadzirwa pane epicenter ye "Big Bang". Mamiriro ezvinhu ane rombo rakanaka, tarenda uye kugona kuita bhizinesi muhuwandu hwakazara hwemikana (uye hapana anoti vese vaive nehunhu hwakanyanya kubva pakuona kwemunhuwo zvake) vakamuita mumwe wevanhu vakapfuma kwazvo pasirese. Uye veruzhinji, izvo zvisinganyanyi kukosha. Uye vanhu vashoma vanoda vapfumi nevoruzhinji. Zvakare, iyo Windows inoshanda sisitimu, seyakakura, yakaoma uye ine simba kugadzira chigadzirwa, yakaunza uye ichiri kuunza zvakawanda zvisingafadzi zvinoshamisa kune vashandisi.
Asi iyi haisiwo musoro wehurukuro yanhasi. Chatinofanira kurangarira nhasi ndechekuti Gates akapfuma pahuwandu hwePasi. Pinda muhomwe yemunhu wese! Uye uku hakusi kuwedzeredza kwakasimba. Kunyangwe iwe ukavhara maziso ako kune chokwadi chekuti Windows pachayo haina kumbove yemahara, kubva muchirimo cha2011, Microsoft yakatanga kuunganidza mari kubva kune vanogadzira Android smartphones uye mahwendefa, kunyanya. Semuyenzaniso, muna 2014 chete, Microsoft yakawana madhora mabhiriyoni matatu nemazana mana emadhora pamatende pa Android.Kureva kuti, huwandu hwevanhu zvisina kunanga, asi nguva dzose, hwakaunza imwe mari yakawanda uye yakabatana kuMicrosoft neGates.
Ichokwadi, muna 2018 kambani yakagadzira patent ye Android uye vakambomira kubviswa mari kuti vashandise. Asi ichi zvakare chiratidzo chinotyisa - yaive muna 2018 iyo Microsoft yakapinda pachena uye zvine mutsindo mu "Open source": yakatenga GitHub, yakabatana nesangano kudzivirira kubva patent troll, zvichingodaro. Kambani yakafunga zvine hungwaru kuti mapurojekiti akazaruka aizopedzisira asvika kune vanhu vakawanda. Iyi haisiriyo nzira yokutonga nyika here? Cherechedza kuti zvinhu zvose zvinomira sei chimwe nechimwe?
Zviitiko zvikuru zvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura. Pakati paKurume wegore rino, maawa mushure mekunge Mutungamiri Trump vazivisa dambudziko reUS pamusoro pedenda rekoronavirus, Gates akazivisa kusiya basa kwake kubva kubhodhi revatungamiriri veMicrosoft. Zvese izvi zvakangoitika, makore mazhinji ebasa rerudo nekusimbisa kurwisa denda, pamwe nenzvimbo yemutungamiri mune inozivikanwa "bhirioni yegoridhe" yakatamba jee risingafadzi pakuona kwehunhu hwaBill Gates. Vagari vazhinji vakatanga kumubata, philanthropy yake, ruzivo rwakajairika, maitiro kune yazara macomputer, nezvimwe, nezvimwewo nekuwedzera kufungirana. Zvakare, Gates akatotanga kupomerwa nezvekwakabva denda rekoronavirus, yezvirongwa zvechipize uye kunyange kuparadza ruzhinji rwevanhu.
Kutaura zvazviri, vakatanga kupomera Bill Gates nezvezvirongwa zvekunyengera kare kare, uye kwete ikozvino, semuenzaniso, munyaya yekutaura kwaNikita Mikhalkov. Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti Gates, nemari yake nekubatanidza, akapinda zvakasimba munyaya yemishonga uye, kunyanya, musoro wekudzivirira. Uye izvi zvinonyatsoenderana mune yake bhizinesi maitiro - kusvika kune wese munhu. Akayambuka nzira yemumwe munhu here? Hongu, ndakachinja. Inobatsira vanhuwo zvavo here? Hongu, ndazviita. Maererano nekumwe kufungidzira, vanhu vane mamiriyoni 1,5 vanofa gore negore nekuda kwekushaya majekiseni - kunyanya vana. Izvi zvakapihwa uye injodzi, asi zvinogona uye zvinofanirwa kufurirwa.
Iwe haufanirwe kuve nekunyepedzera kuti izvi zviri kuitika kumwe kunhu muAfrica. Muenzaniso wekupararira kwegwirikwiti muEurope gore rapfuura unozvitaurira wega, uye kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kunokarakadza kuti pakashaikwa majekiseni kana nhomba, denda inyaya yenguva. Tinofanira kushamiswa here, zvino, nekutya kwaGates pachena kuti denda, sekutyisidzira kupona kwevanhu, ringave chiitiko chingangoita kupfuura hondo yenyukireya? Pamwe ainyatsoziva nezve mamiriro ehutano hweAmerica uye aida kutaura nezvazvo denda re coronavirus risati rafumura mamiriro echokwadi. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nyika, kunze kwezvishomanana, zvinhu zvakazova zvisina kunaka, uye dambudziko racho harina kunyatsogadziriswa.
Saka, pamwoyo wezviitwa zvaBill Gates kunze kwemadziro eMicrosoft, ine mukana wakakura, pane zviviri zvinofarirwa panguva imwe chete: kupona kwemunhu semhando yezvisikwa uye mari (zvakanyanya, zviwanikwa zvehupenyu uye basa. ) Imwe yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune imwe. Bill Gates angave akatendeseka muchishuvo chake chekuponesa hupenyu (nei?), Asi izvi hazvimutadzise kubva pakuva muzvinabhizinesi uye kuita zvirongwa zvekuwedzera, angave ari wepasi rose kana wepasi rose. Hunhu hwehunhu hwaGates ndehwekuti akave mufananidzo wechiyero chepuraneti, izvo zvakaita kuti ave chinangwa chiri nyore chedzidziso dzekurangana uye izvo zvinotisvitsa kune pfungwa yechinyorwa ichi.
Saka, imwe yekugadziridzwa kwazvino kweiyo dzidziso yekurangana inosanganisira Bill Gates, iyo pakupera kwaApril. Channel One inopomera Gates nekuita chinhanho mukuita kurangana kuseri kwezviitiko zvepasirese kuti vaparadze vangangove vanhu vese, kunze kwe "bhirioni yegoridhe", kana zvachose chip vagari kuvadzora nehurumende "yenyika". Kubva pazvinzvimbo izvi, denda rinongori zvikonzero kana manyepo, uye kunyangwe chiitiko chakakonzeresa chekuitwa kwezvirongwa zvinosvika kure.
Nikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov akawedzera moto munyaya iyi yose. Mukutanga kwaChivabvu, muchirongwa chake chemunyori wenguva dzose, akapomera pachena Gates nezvekuda kuuraya vagari kana kuti pasi pechiratidziro chekudzivirira. Hatigone kutonga kubudirira kana kutadza kwezvivakwa zvaBill Gates mumunda wekudzivirira, asi seIT sosi tinoziva chimwe chinhu nezve "chipping", kureva, ndeapi matekinoroji "akaipa" Bill Gates anogona kuve nawo uye kana matekinoroji akadaro aripo. zvose .
Chipping kudzidzira nhasi
Zvakakodzera kutanga nenyaya yekuti muchokwadi tsika yekucheka zvipenyu ndeye makore makumi mana. Uye iyo pfungwa pachayo haisi yekutanga zana kana kunyange chiuru chemakore. Varanda nemombe zvaiiswa mucherechedzo kuratidza pfuma. Kunyangwe izwi rekuti label muchiRussia rine chirevo chisina kunaka, rega kudonha. Asi ndezvevanhu. Hapana anobvunza nezve mhuka - chipping chave nenguva yakareba kuchengetedza dhatabhesi pahuwandu uye hutano hwezvipfuyo uye zvakanyanya kana zvishoma kuziva mhuka dzinovaraidza. Semuenzaniso, tevera nguva yekubaiwa uye wozviita wega kana semi-otomatiki. Zviri nyore, zvakavimbika uye zvakachipa.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, mari yekuchengeta zvipfuyo inodzikiswa, izvo zvinoita kuti varidzi vayo vawane mari yakawanda, uye musika wekucheka nekuchengetedza masevhisi uri kukura, izvo zvinoitawo kuti vamwe vanhu vawane mari. Nhasi, huwandu hwemusika wemhuka microchip hunosvika mabhiriyoni akati wandei emadhora pagore.
Vanhu vanogona kuve microchipped nema tags emhuka? Zvinogoneka, asi kune nyika kuseri kwezviitiko, zvisinei kuti munhu wese anofungei nezvazvo, hapana pfungwa inoshanda mune izvi, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero. Mhando yakajairwa yeredhiyo frequency (RFID) ma tag anoshandiswa chip mhuka dhizaini yakapusa yetransceiver ine antenna uye memory chip yemakumi, isingawanzo zana uye mashoma mabhiti. Iyo teki haina simba rayo sosi uye inoigamuchira kuburikidza neredhiyo chiteshi kubva kuRFID scanner - iyo yazvino inonyudzwa muantenna ye tag nescanner's electromagnetic field inochaja capacitor. Iyo yekupedzisira inotora chinzvimbo chebhatiri diki mune tag (iyo maitiro pachayo akafanana newaya yekuchaja ye smartphone). Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvese zvinoshanda zvinoenderana nemisimboti yakafanana nematagi anoshandiswa kudzivirira kubva pakubiwa kwezvinhu mumasherufu muzvitoro, magineti passes ekutendeuka uye basa rakafanana: hapana cosmic level yetekinoroji pano.
Iyo radius yekuverenga yeiyo tag inotangira kubva mashoma masendimita kusvika akati wandei decimeters uye zvinoenderana nehukuru hweti uye antenna yayo. Kusiyana nekushambadzira kwemakiriniki ezvokurapa mhuka, hazvibviri kuverenga data kubva kune yakadaro tag kure kure, sezvazvisingabviri kuronda uye kuwana mhuka yakarasika nerubatsiro rwayo. Mhuka inogona kuzivikanwa zvisina kujeka chete kana mamiriro matatu asangana panguva imwe chete: kana ikabatwa, bato rinogamuchira rine RFID scanner uye data nezvemhuka (tag) inopinzwa mune imwe yeakakurumbira thematic dhatabhesi.
Mutengo werimwe RFID tag muhorese mijenya unochinja kutenderedza 10-90 cents, uye maitiro ekuunza tag yakadaro mumatishu ehupenyu echipfuyo anogona kudhura zviuru zviviri zvemadhora. Tsika yechipization nematagi eRFID akadaro anogona kunyatso itwa chiitiko chikuru nemutengo unokwanisika. Zvisinei, pane nuance: maitiro anoitwa uchishandisa rudzi rwesirinji ine tsono yakakura kwazvo, iyo iyo chip inopinzwa munyama. Izvo hazvigoneke kutaura nezve chero isinganzwisisike sumo yezita - kana iwe ukasvika kumunhu ane "jekiseni" rakadaro, zvakanaka kana murwere akaburuka nekutya kuri nyore uye asingashingairi kuramba.
Asi ngatitii chinhu chinotyisa chakaitika - mugari akange achiri akaputirwa neRFID tag. Iyo yepamusoro inogona "kusonerwa" mairi inhamba isingaverengeki (kazhinji inosvika mavara masere), kodhi yenyika, uye kodhi yemugadziri wezita. Muchiitiko ichi, hazvizokwanisi kuverenga ruzivo uri kure. Zvinotonyanya kutadza kuwana mugari akadaro kubva kune satellite. Izvo hazvitombogoneki kuchengetedza iyo data kuverenga maitiro zvakavanzika. Zvese zvichaburitswa pachena kana vanhu vane RFID scanner vatanga kugara vachiratidza kutarisisa kwauri.
Mune mamwe mazwi, chipping iyo yakajairika nhasi ishoma yeruzivo (chiziviso mune dhatabhesi) uye yakawanda yekusagadzikana pakuiunganidza. Kuita kwakadaro hakuna kujeka kuti hakuna kukodzera dzidziso yekurangana. Mabhenefiti eRFID tag akasonerwa pasi peganda anogona kunge akasiyana. Vamwe vanovaona senzira iri nyore yekuvhura makiyi emagetsi, ipapo makiyi akajairwa anozova asina basa. Kana, somuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa kubhadhara muchitoro pasina kadhi. Asi mune iyi kesi, mushandisi anobvuma kucheka nekuzvidira uye, hongu, hapana mubvunzo wehupi hutongi pamusoro pake.
"Apocalyptic" Microsoft patent
Imwe yenharo dzaMikhalkov nevatauri vekare vachifarira hurongwa husina kunaka hweMicrosoft naBill Gates pachezvake yaive nhamba yepatent WO/2020/060606. Zvakanyanya, iapplication yepasirese patent yakanyoreswa paWIPO (World Intellectual Property Organisation) webhusaiti. Kana iwe ukafamba uchidzoka nekudzoka pane nhamba dzekunyorera, unogona kuona kuti nhamba yekunyorera WO/2020/060605 zvakare ndeyeMicrosoft, uye application WO/2020/060607 yakaiswa neWestern Digital. Nokudaro, nenhamba WO/2020/060606, zvingasarudzwa zviviri zvinogoneka: ingava maFreemasons eEurope akaboorwa, kana kuti ichi ndicho chiitiko chisingawanzwisisike chenhamba yekushandiswa kwakananga patent ne “nhamba yadhiyabhorosi” 666. It zvinoratidzika kwatiri kuti yechipiri iri padyo nechokwadi, kunyanya kubva pakutanga "apocalyptic" Microsoft patent yakanyoreswa muUS gore rakapfuura kupfuura muGeneva, uye ine nhamba isina kwayakarerekera uye isina zvazvinoreva 16/138518. Patent chimiro, senge nhamba itsva , gwaro iri rakagamuchirwa munaKurume 26, 2020. "Nhamba yadhiabhorosi" iripi, isu hatinzwisise. Hakuna nhanhatu dzinouraya muhuwandu chaihwo kungave uko kana uko.
Takafunga nhamba, zvino nezve patent pachayo. Takataura nezvazvo zvakadzama munhau ye . Mukutaura kwakasununguka kweMikhalkov, iyo Microsoft patent "CRYPTOCURRENCY SYSTEM USING BODY ACTIVITY DATA" inosanganisira kucheka vagari uye kuvakurudzira kuita zvimwe zviito nekupa mibairo mucryptocurrency. Nekudaro, muchokwadi, hapana kana imwe chete inotaurwa nezve chipping mu patent. Vagadziri veMicrosoft vanokurudzira kutora dhata pane chiitiko chemuviri wemunhu uchishandisa ekunze ma sensors uye scanner. Aya anogona kunge ari ma sensors ekupisa (kuyera tembiricha yemuviri), ma sensors ekurekodha ECG kana kungorova kwemoyo (pulse), panogona kuve neMRI yakaoma scanner yekutevera kuyerera kweropa muuropi kana masensa ekunhonga chiitiko che electrochemical cheuropi. Asi izvi zvose pasina kuiswa kwemaitiro ekuyera mumuviri womunhu, kunyange zvazvo chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinogona kuvanzwa shure kwemashoko okuti "nedzimwe nzira". Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti sei yakarongwa.
Pfungwa yeMicrosoft yekuteedzera chiitiko chemushandisi akakosha zviratidzo pakuita zvimwe zviito pamberi pekombuta ndeyekusiya kuverenga kwehashi mabasa muhunyanzvi hwekuchera cryptocurrency kana kuita blockchain mashandiro. Panzvimbo pekuverenga kwakaomarara, iyo sisitimu inotora data kubva kune ma scanner nezve azvino emushandisi akakosha zviratidzo uye, pahwaro hwavo, kugadzira yakasarudzika uye isingatyoke kodhi. Iyi imhando yeakasarudzika mushandisi siginecha. Semuenzaniso, agere pamberi pekombuta, akatarisa chiziviso, uye kuita kwake kwakagadziriswa uye kusonwerwa mukati mengetani ye blockchain mashandiro, kana dhizaini nyowani ye cryptocurrency yakagadzirwa zvichibva pazviri. Pfungwa yeMicrosoft (uyezve, ndiyo pfungwa, hatisi kutaura nezvekushandiswa pano) ndeyekuchengetedza nguva yekombuta uye zviwanikwa zvinopinda mune izvi, semuenzaniso, magetsi. Zvimwe zvese fungidziro dzisina basa.
Vatorwa vanosarudza anal probes, uye vepanyika vanosarudza nanotechnology
Iyo satirical animated nhepfenyuro yeSouth Park yakaburitswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 13, 1997 nechikamu chemutyairi "Cartman uye Anal Probe". Wese muAmerica anoziva kuti vatorwa vakadyara ma anal probes muvanhu vakapambwa vobva vavaisa pasi pezvido zvavo. Sarudzo inoenzanisira yedingindira rechikamu chekutyaira, asi vatorwa vari mairi vanoshandisa zvakajeka kumashure tekinoroji. Chipping inosanganisira nzira yakanyatsojeka. Mushure mezvose, zvese zvinofanirwa kuve zvisingaoneki: inoitwa pasi pechifukidzo chejekiseni yakajairika kana nerubatsiro rwechigamba chekudzivirira. Naizvozvo, Bill Gates, kana akabata chinhu chakadaro, aifanira kunge akaisa mari mune miniaturization. Rangarira chidimbu "Wintel"? Hezvinoi!
Intel neMicrosoft vagara vachishanda pamwe chete. Semuenzaniso, Microsoft yakaramba ichitsigira Intel makonferensi, kusanganisira zviitiko zvikuru seIntel Developer Forum. Naizvozvo, munyaya dzeminiaturization, Microsoft yaigona kuvimba nerubatsiro rweIntel, iyo yanga iri pamberi peindasitiri yese. Asi pane iyo 10nm process tekinoroji kana kunyangwe kumwe kwakamboitika, yakamira. Nekudaro, kunyangwe iyo 10-nm process tekinoroji kubva kuIntel, isiri iyo yakanyanya kufambiswa nemaindasitiri zviyero, yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana kusati kwamboitika density ye transistors - 100,8 miriyoni transistors pa1 mm2. Iyi ingangoita nhamba imwechete ye transistors muIntel Pentium 4 Prescott processor chip, iyo yakaonekwa muna 2004. Zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa neiyo hardware base. Chokwadi, kana tikataura nezve machipisi akaunzwa mumuviri wemunhu, zvichiri kudikanwa kugadzirisa nyaya yacho ne RAM, simba rehurongwa, kutaurirana ne "muridzi" uye nzira dzekudzora zviito zvayo.
Sezviri pachena, chiyeuchidzo chechip chikaiswa mumunhu chinofanira kunge chisingachinji. Chiyeuchidzo chakanyanya nhasi i3D NAND. Nehurombo, kubva pane imwe nguva zvichienda mberi, vagadziri ve3D NAND vakamira kuburitsa data pamusoro pehuwandu hwemasero maererano nenzvimbo yeyuniti yekristaro pamusoro. Asi zvakakwana kuti isu tive nefungidziro yehuwandu hwatiri kutaura nezvayo.
Pane imwe yemisangano yeIEEE muna 2016, Micron akaburitsa kuti murabhoritari yakakwanisa kukunda chiitiko chakakosha: kuwana rekodhi rekodha density mu3D NAND uye kudarika magineti hard disk platter mukurekodha density. Kunyanya, pane imwe square inch yeMicron crystal masero endangariro ane huwandu hwakazara hwe2,77 Tbit. Panyaya ye1 mm2, iyi 4,29 Gbit kana 536 MB. Kune Intel Pentium 4-level processor, iyi haisi iyo yekupedzisira kurota, asi yakaringana vhoriyamu yekuita mirairo uye kuchengetedza data.
Saka, kusvika pari zvino zvese zvinoratidza kuti komputa ine hunyanzvi inogona kusonerwa mumunhu. Pane zviwanikwa zvakakwana zvenguva chaiyo yekushandisa masisitimu.
Uyo anodya zvakanaka, anoshanda zvakanaka
Ngatiedzei kubata nekudya. Muchipi chidiki chinogona kuiswa zvisingaonekwe pasi peganda kana munyama yemunhu, hapana nzvimbo yebhatiri. Simba remagetsi rinofanirwa kutorwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kunze. Tichataura pamusoro pezvinogona kuwanikwa zvekuwana simba pazasi, asi ikozvino tichapa nguva shoma pakushandiswa kweiyo hypothetical processor yakamisikidzwa mumunhu.
Panzira yekudzikisa kushandiswa kwechip, Intel nevamwe vayo vauya kure. Anopfuura makore gumi apfuura, Intel yakatanga kugadzira maitiro uye maseketi ayo aizobvumira transistors kushanda pamagetsi padyo nechikumbaridzo. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, pfungwa yacho yakagadzirwa ichifunga nezvekuchinja kwemagetsi e-transistors pamusoro pe 1 V. Asi kune inowanikwa kwose kwose CMOS maitiro ekugadzira uye silicon yakajairika, theoretical threshold voltage limit yakaderera zvikuru, ndeye 36 mV. Nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuedza kuunza maitiro kune dzidziso, chokwadi ndechekuti nhasi vanogadzira chip vanogona kugadzira logic ne transistor switching voltages kubva pa300 kusvika 500 mV.
Ehe, voltage yeiyo logic inogona kuderedzwa nehurongwa hwehukuru. Asi zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa zvakare kuti kuderera kwemagetsi ekupa ma transistors kuchaita kuti kuwedzere kwekutadza kwepfungwa nekuda kwekupararira kwema transistor parameter panguva yekugadzira uye shanduko yehunhu hwavo pasi pesimba rekuchinja kwekushisa. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iyo yakaderera iyo magetsi ekupa (uye kushandiswa), iyo isingavimbike uye inononoka zvese zvinoshanda. Izvo zvinotevera kubva pane izvi kuti nekuda kwekuvimbika, iwe uchafanirwa kubayira kune imwe nhanho iyo density ye transistors.
Saka rudzii rwekushandisa rwatingataura nezvarwo? Ngatitendeukei kukuratidzira kweIntel panguva yekudonha kweIDF 2011. Zvadaro ane ruzivo 32-nm Claremont processor (pachivako chakafanana neIntel P54C) ine 6 miriyoni transistors pane chip ine nzvimbo inosvika 2 mm2. Iyo logic yeiyi processor yakatanga kushanda pamhepo ye 380 mV pafrequency ye 10 MHz nekushandiswa kweanenge 1,5 mW. Mune idle mode, iyo processor yakabata neakareruka kumashure mabasa padanho rekushandisa re10 mW. Chii chinonzi 10mW? Kuenzanisa: yakajairika chiratidzo LED mune smartphone kuchaja inoshandisa kusvika 60 mW, uye chinangwa chayo chete ndechekuita kuti ive yakanaka. Iyo Intel Claremont Yekuedza Yakaderera Mutengo processor inoda katanhatu katanhatu magetsi ekupa kuti utange.
Tichifunga nezvekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, tekinoroji maitiro uye matekinoroji, zvinotenderwa kufunga kuti nhasi zvinogoneka kugadzira Intel Pentium-level processor nekushandiswa kweinenge 1 mW kana kuderera. Asi ndekupi mumuviri wemunhu munhu anogona kuwana simba rakagadzikana rine simba re 1 mW kana kupfuura (chaizvoizvo, zvakanyanya, kubva pakuyeuka, redhiyo inotumira uye imwe mhando yehurongwa hwekutonga kwevanhu huchiri kuda kushandiswa)? Mhinduro dzinoverengeka dzinogona kupihwa kumubvunzo uyu, asi dzese hadzisi mhinduro chaiyo.
Sero rezuva rine nzvimbo diki - saizi yechitambi chikuru chekutumira - inogona kupa kusvika ku10 mW yesimba, iyo yakaratidzwawo neIntel (ona mufananidzo uri pamusoro). Asi iyi sarudzo haisi yemachipi akaiswa mumuviri. Chero zvazvingava, chirongwa chesimba chakadaro hachigoni kuitwa pachivande, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvakaoma kuisa pachena chirongwa chakadaro. Zvingave zvinoshanda kuti ma implants ehuropi ashandiswe nema solar panel ari mumusoro. Nekudaro, kana iri yekufungidzira chipping yakavharwa sejekiseni, sarudzo iyi haina kufanira.
Simba rinogonawo kuwanikwa kubva kuvibrations uye vibrations. Wachi dzehomwe dzine automatic mechanical spring winding dzakagadzirwa makore mazana matatu apfuura. Tekinoroji dzemazuva ano dzekugadzira microelectromechanical matrices (MEMS) inovhura nzira kune madiki emagetsi masosi anoburitsa ikozvino kubva kuvibrations. Muna Kukadzi wegore rino, chimwe chezvichangobva kuitika zvinovimbisa nezvenyaya iyi chaive chakarurama French Institute CEA-Leti.
MaFrench akagadzira machipisi emagetsi ejenareta kubva kuvibrations nekukwanisa kugadzira kubva pa100 μW kusvika pa1 mW. Nekutambanudza, izvi zvinogona kukwana kupa simba chip chakasonewa mumuviri. Asi rega saizi. Tichitarisa nemufananidzo unoperekedza (ona pamusoro) - uye hapana chaiyo data pahukuru hwejenareta parizvino - jenareta chip yakakura chaizvo. Kana inogona kuiswa pasi peganda kana mune mamwe matishu mhenyu, zvino kungovhiya. Kune zvakavanzika mass chipization-vaccination, iyi zvakare haisi sarudzo. Zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti apore uye itch - iwe unozoona.
Iwe unogona kufunga nezvesarudzo yekubvisa magetsi kubva kumagetsi emagetsi - zvese kubva kune emagetsi wiring uye kubva kune ese marudzi eredhiyo frequency ruzha (serura yekutaurirana zviteshi, redhiyo kutaurirana, Wi-Fi, nezvimwewo). Asi nezvose izvi pane dambudziko guru - antenna-coil yakakura inodiwa. Iyo miniature RFID tag mune iyi kesi haigone kutorwa semhinduro yakanaka. Iyo RFID scanner inokwanisa chaizvo kugadzira munda wemagetsi mune transponder coil, inokwana kuburitsa simba rinosvika gumi mW. Chete ikozvino scanner inofanira kunge iri chinhambwe chemasendimita mashoma kubva kune inogamuchira, uye inogamuchira inofanirwa kuve neyakakura yekugamuchira coil pachiyero chemasentimita akati wandei.
Iyo miniature passive RFID tag yemhuka microchipization, yatakataura pamusoro apa, inoshanda nesimba rakaderera. Chero zvazvingava, kuitira kuendesa kune chip chakasimwa mumuviri simba rakakwana pakushanda kweiyo yakaoma logic - yedu inomisikidzwa 1 mW - iyo scanner kana sosi yemagetsi emagetsi radiation inofanirwa kuve iri padyo sezvinobvira kune chakavanzika chip. . Ndiko kuti, kudiwa kwepedyo nekusangana uye hukuru hukuru hweiyo inogamuchira coil inoderedza kuvanzika kwese kusvika zero.
Zvichida mhinduro yekuwana simba remagetsi-akamisikidzwa emagetsi ari munzvimbo yezvakanaka zvekare zvemagetsi maitiro? Muviri wemunhu uri paavhareji 60% yemvura. Kunyanya, kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dze electrolytes. Iri kuita bhatiri. Somuenzaniso, zvichangobva kuitika nevatsvakurudzi veCalifornia Institute of Technology vanoshandisa ziya revanhu se electrolyte. chigamba chiri mukuora kwe lactic acid ne enzyme pamberi pechigadziriso chinoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira kusvika ku35 MW yesimba kubva kune imwe sikweya centimita. Asi dzidziso yekurangana inoparadzwa zvakare nehukuru hwemhinduro. Izvi zvakajeka hazvisi zvekupfeka zvakavanzwa, asi kana jenereta yakadaro ikaitwa intramuscular, ipapo dambudziko rekubvisa zvigadzirwa zvekuora richamuka. Mumakore 20-30, zvichida chimwe chinhu chichauya, asi nhasi - zvechokwadi kwete.
Zvakangofanana, zviri pamusoro zvinoshanda pakuwana simba kubva kumacarbohydrates, kunyanya kubva kuglucose (shuga). Muhupo hwema enzymes uye catalysts, glucose inoora uye inoshanda sechitubu chesimba. Miedzo munzira iyi uye zvichiri kuenderera mberi. Mabhatiri mazhinji eprototype anofambiswa neglucose mhinduro akagadzirwa mumarabhoritari, asi kubatanidza sosi yesimba rakadaro mumuviri wemunhu idambudziko rehurongwa hwakasiyana zvachose. Imhando ipi yebhatiri yeglucose yatinogona kutaura nezvayo kana dambudziko rechirwere cheshuga risati ragadziriswa?
Tinogonawo kuyeuka imwe tsime resimba - kupisa kunobudiswa nemunhu. Iyo inonyanya kushanda kupisa-kune-magetsi ekushandura ari thermoelectric zvinhu zvinoenderana . Peltier zvinhu zvenzvimbo diki zvinogona kupa nyore simba regumi uye 10 mW, uye nezvimwe. Kune zvakawanda zvebudiriro zvakadaro, uye kufarira mazviri hakunete (ona, semuenzaniso, uye mufananidzo uri pamusoro). Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti kuti thermoelement ishande, panofanira kunge paine musiyano unooneka wetembiricha pamativi ayo epolar. Kuti uite izvi, imwe yemativi echinhu inofanirwa kuburitswa kunze kuti iparadze kupisa munzvimbo yakapoteredza. Uye haugone kuzviita zvakare usina kucherechedzwa.
Kupfupisa kupfupika kwemagetsi emagetsi anopfekeka / anogona kuisirwa, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti nhasi sainzi uye tekinoroji hazvigone kupa bhatiri diki kunyangwe serial wearable electronics, uye zvakatonyanya kune yakavanzika (yakavanzika) chipization. Microelectronics munzvimbo ino yakagara yakagadzirira kupa chimwe chinhu chinonakidza, asi ikozvino zvakafanana kana iwe wakapiwa kuunganidza kombiyuta pasina magetsi.
Kare pano zvaive zvichikwanisika kupedzisa chinyorwa nezve ngano yekudzivirira-chipization, asi isu tichaenderera mberi. Ngatitaure nezvekutaurirana.
Non-sport (redhiyo) orienteering
Kana usiri bhiza, umo iwe unogona kutyaira nyore redhiyo-frequency tag masendimita akati wandei muhukuru mumamhasuru kana pasi peganda, ipapo unogona kuona muviri wakaputswa nematagi eRFID chete nekudhumana nayo mhino kumhino. Chips ehukuru hukuru hwejekiseni mumombe dzinokutendera kuti uvhare paddocks kana mafuro madiki, asi chero zvakadaro, radius iyi haipfuuri makumi maviri kusvika matatu emamita. Izvo hazvigoneke kutevedzera RFID tag kana kumwe kuratidzwa kweRFID pasi rose. Iyo yakanyanya kukodzera yekubatanidza yebhizinesi iri inogona kungoita cellular, uye ine zviteshi zvepasi zviri padhuze kune mumwe nemumwe.
Mazano ekurangana vakaisa maviri pamwe maviri pamwe chete uye vakawana ... shanu - 5G shongwe dzekutaurirana dzakapfuta kunenge pasirese.
Usatarise ipapo, vagari vemo vanopisa! Vashandisi vagara vatanga kuvhara ma cellular antennas. Nhasi, chimwe chinhu chitsva chekushongedza chichaonekwa mukuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha kwete shongwe yemhando yepamusoro inokonzera kutsamwa, sezvazvaive makore makumi maviri kana gumi apfuura. Inogona kunge iri nyore yakatwasuka redhiyo-inoonekera yepurasitiki pombi ine antenna yakavanzwa mukati, kana yakatwasuka chinhu chekunze kushambadzira. Mufananidzo uri pamusoro, semuenzaniso, unoratidza kuti antenna akavanzwa sei mune yehupenyu-saizi modhi yecactus muUSA. Iyi tsika yave kuzara kwese, uye shanduko kuenda ku20G ichaita kuti antennas neshongwe zvisanyanya kuoneka mumaguta uye kunyangwe kumaruwa. Vachityira kurangana kwenyika yose, vanhu havazokwanisi kuvaona, kana kuti, vachinyepedzera kuva neshongwe dzokurwa, vachatanga kuparadza zvose zvavasingadi ivo pachavo.
5G tekinoroji yekukurukurirana inonyanya kuunzwa kuderedza kunonoka mukufambiswa kwedata. Kuti uite izvi, shongwe dzinofanira kuiswa kakawanda. Asi iyi haisi shongwe yatakajaira. Iyo 5G base station unit, pamwe nediki yakamisikidzwa sevha, idiki uye inofananidzwa muhukuru kune laptop (iyo iri pamusoro mufananidzo muenzaniso weimwe yeHuawei's 5G base station sarudzo). Paunenge uchipa huwandu hwekuvhara, 5G base zviteshi zvinogona kungoiswa pamadziro ezvivakwa, uye zvinogona kuve nyore kuvharika nezvinhu zvekushongedza. Mabhuroki akadaro haazokonzeri kufungirana uye kushatirwa kwevagari. Panewo tsika yekuisa mabhesi akashongedzwa nepurasitiki pamapango ekuvheneka mumugwagwa. Ndiani anodziteerera? Kakawanda kuiswa kwezviteshi zvepasi - nenzira, izvi panguva imwechete kugona kudzikisa simba rechiratidzo remativi ese ekutumira uye divi rekugamuchira. Asi zvingabatsira neimwe nzira kudzora vanhu vane chipped?
Kashoma. Matishu emunhu uye mvura mumatishu chidzitiro chakanaka chepamusoro-frequency redhiyo kubuda mukati meiyo 5G kutaurirana kunoshanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo 5G transceiver antenna haigone kuvigwa zvakadzika mumuviri wemunhu. Inofanira kunge iri pedyo sezvinobvira pamusoro peganda, kana zvisina kudaro simba rakawanda richadiwa kuti ugadzire kubatana. Zvakare, iyo antenna yekutaurirana kwe5G inzvimbo yakaoma yakaoma yepamusoro-tech node. Hazvibviri kuita kuti zvisaonekwe kune jekiseni mumuviri wemunhu. Hukuru hwakakura, nekuda kwemasaisai eredhiyo anoshandiswa, uye kudiwa kwekuisa antenna ye5G pachena inozvitaurira - kune murwere, kuiswa kwe5G transceiver uye antenna hazvizoendi zvisingatarisike.
Mashoko mashomanana anoda kutaurwa pamusoro pesimba rinodiwa pakushanda kwe 5G transceiver (uye nharembozha kazhinji). Panguva yekumisikidza chinongedzo pakati peiyo transmitter uye base chiteshi, simba rechiratidzo rinosvika 1 W. Chiratidzo chinofanira kunge chakasimba kuti chipfuure huchokwadi uye kumisa chiteshi chakavimbika, asi nhanho iyi inotora nyaya yemamilliseconds. Ngatitii, mune iyi kesi, ine simba supercapacitor (ionistor) yakapihwa mugari akabatwa. Iyo yakasimba kutambanudza, asi nehunyanzvi inogoneka. Mushure mechikamu chekumisikidza chinongedzo chekushanda kweredhiyo chiteshi, simba rakakura kudaro harichadiwi, unogona kupfuura nesimba rekurongeka kwemakumi akati wandei emamilliwatts. Tichifunga nezvekuvandudzwa kwekukanganisa kugadzirisa algorithms uye kuendeswa kwehuwandu hwe5G zviteshi, isu tinofungidzira kuti transceiver simba re10 mW richava rakakwana kutsigira nzira yekutaurirana. Asi kunyangwe ichi chakanyanya kukosha kubhajeti reiyo yakasimwa processor uye minus kune yekurangana dzidziso.
Chaiyo chipization mangwana: zvichange zvakaita sei
Kubva pane zvese zviri pamusoro, zvinonyatsotevera kuti chivharo chipization, icho, semuenzaniso, chinogona kuvharwa sekudzivirira, hazvigoneke padanho razvino rehunyanzvi. Nekudaro, izvi hazviregi chokwadi chekuti kuiswa kwe semiconductor implants mumuviri wemunhu munguva pfupi iri kutevera kunogona kuitika. Izvo zvinongoitika nenzira yakasiyana kwazvo uye nezvinangwa zvakasiyana kubva kune izvo zvinofungidzirwa nevanorangana theorists. Kuti unzwisise kuti kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi kuri kuenda kupi munzvimbo ino, zvine musoro kutarisa Neuralink neural interface, iyo iri kuvandudzwa nekambani yaElon Musk yezita rimwe chete.
Elon Musk zvakare svondo rapfuura kuti gore risati rapera, Neuralink ichatanga miedzo yekiriniki yemunhu-muchina interface pane vanhu vapenyu. Kare, akavimbisa kuitisa miedzo yakadaro gore rapera, asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero (chinowanzova chepamutemo chepamutemo), kuiswa kweNeuralink neural interface muuropi hwemurwere husati hwaitika.
Izvi zvaizoitika sei. Ngatisiyei pasi kuna Musk: “Tichacheka chidimbu chedehenya, tozoisa mudziyo weNeuralink ipapo. Mushure maizvozvi, tambo dze electrode dzichanyatsobatanidzwa nehuropi, uye zvose zvinobva zvasoneswa. Mudziyo uyu uchakwanisa kudyidzana nechero chikamu chehuropi uye uchadzoreredza kuona kwakarasika kana kutadza kushanda nemakumbo. "
Chipization maererano naElon Musk ichave chikamu chekuvhiya kwakakomba. Iyi haisi yekudzivirira nekumhanya kwekuputika kwepfuti, nzira yemunhu inodiwa pano. Machipisi anoiswa mukati medehenya remurwere, uye ma electrode anonyudzwa mucerebral cortex maererano nechirongwa chakakosha.
Zvakare, sezviri pachena, machipisi ari mukati medehenya achabatanidzwa kune inductor iri pane imwe nzvimbo padyo (hapana chakarongerwa kuburitswa kunze), uye kubatana kwechigadzirwa chemukati nekunze kwenyika - nebhatiri uye Bluetooth transceiver (uye ipapo. nekombuta) - ichaitwa tekinoroji yakafanana neRFID.
Kubva pamifananidzo yakaratidzwa, unogona kunzwisisa kuti chipization chaiyo ichaita sei. Basa rekucheka kwakadaro nderekugonesa varwere vasina simba kana vanhu vakakuvara zvakakomba kuti vadzore mafoni, makomputa kana mapuroteni emagetsi ane "simba rekufunga". Neimwe nzira, zvingave zvichibvira kudzorera zvakaita sekuona kana kunzwa. Iyi yatova mhinduro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hurongwa hwakadaro huchabatsira kudzoreredza hunyanzvi hwemotokari kumuviri kana kukuvadzwa kwepinal cord kwaparadza nzira yakananga yekutapurirana tsinga.
Mune ramangwana riri kure kwazvo, Musk anorota nezvekusanganiswa kwehuchenjeri hwevanhu uye hwekugadzira, uye, zvechokwadi, nerubatsiro rwemachipisi akadaro, munhu anogona kudzorwa. Rimwe zuva zvichaitika, asi zvakanyanya, munguva pfupi. Pachava nevashori vemuitiro wakadaro here? Zvakakodzera! Kusaziva kunogona kupedzwa chete nedzidzo yesainzi, uye iyi haisati iri iyo mamiriro akanaka kwazvo pasirese.
mhedziso
Pamusoro, takataura zvakadzama nezve izvo zvakajeka (tinovimba) kune vanhu vazhinji vane pfungwa dzakadzikama. Nehurombo, iyo Internet yakapa chikuva kune chero pfungwa, kusanganisira idzo dzine dhigirii rakawandisa rekunyepedzera uye hushoma hwehwaro hwesainzi, kana kushaikwa kwakakwana kwehungwaru. Hatina kukwanisa kumira parutivi uye takasarudza kutaura nezvenyaya yechipization nenzira iyo yaigona kuita senge padanho razvino rekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Ese maverengero ari pamusoro ane fungidziro, asi anotaura zvakajeka nezve nhanho yezvinobvira zvemhinduro dzakadaro.
Pane mhedziso imwe chete: nhasi hapana matekinoroji anobvumira kugadzira miniature yakabatanidzwa mhinduro yekusaona kana kuoneka sumo mumuviri wemunhu kuitira kudzora zviito zvayo. Nekudaro, iyo yakanaka yekare propaganda inoita basa rakanakisa nebasa iri, asi iyi inyaya yakasiyana zvachose.
Source: 3dnews.ru