Kekutanga, injini ye quantum yakapfuura vakwikwidzi vayo vekirasi pasina matipi ekuedza. Asi, ngatitii ipapo, tiri kutaura nezve microscope zvishandiso, saka isu hatifanirwe kumirira quantum Tesla parizvino.
Ichishandisa mitemo ye quantum mechanics, injini itsva yakakwanisa kuburitsa simba rakawanda kudarika injini dzechinyakare pasi pemamiriro akafanana (uye pachiyero chimwe chete), shuma bepa rekutsvaga raKurume 22 nechikwata chemasayendisiti kubva kuAmerican Physical Society. )
Muchidzidzo chavo, vesainzi vakakwanisa kuona kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveinjini yekudziya kwequantum ndiko kugona kwemvura inoshanda (electron) kuve mune yakabatana (yakabatana) superposition (panguva imwe chete mumatunhu maviri kana anopfuura). Uye, sezvinotarisirwa, pachiyero chechinhu chisingaoneki, izvi zvinobvumira kuti simba rakawanda rigadzirwe kupfuura chero akaenzana ejini yekupisa pasi pemamiriro akafanana. Izvo zvakare zvakasimbiswa kuti, mukati meiyo imwechete yekushanda modhi, kuvepo kwekubatana kwemukati kwakadaro kunotungamirira kukuti mhando dzakasiyana dzeinjini dzekupisa dzinoita thermodynamically yakaenzana, ndiko kuti, "muzviitiko zvese uko basa rinobva mukupisa, huwandu kupisa kwakaenzana nebasa rinogamuchirwa rinopedzwa, uye zvinopesana, nekushandiswa kweichi kana basa iroro, huwandu hwekupisa hunowanikwa, "sezvo musayendisiti mukuru Rudolf Clasius aizotaura.
Kuzvitaura zviri nyore, injini dzekupisa dzechinyakare dzinoshandura kupisa kuita kufamba. Semuenzaniso, mumotokari, injini yekupisa yemukati inoshandisa simba kubva pakubatidza mafuta kutyaira pistons, izvo zvinozoendesa simba kuburikidza nedhiraivha kumavhiri nekuatenderedza, zvichiita kuti mota ifambe. Kune kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kweinjini dzekupisa, asi, sekutonga, simba guru mavari rinonyanya kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushanda mune imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana, kushandiswa kwakasiyana kwesimba, pamwe nekugadziriswa kwemafuta anoshandiswa.
Muchidzidzo chitsva, iyo quantum injini inoshandisa yakanyatsosiyana inoshanda musimboti: kushandisa laser yakanangwa kune yakanyatsogadzirirwa makristasi edhaimani ane chirema chidiki (nitrogen vacancy). Iyo laser inotamisa erekitironi iri mukristaro (mune iyi nzvimbo chaiyo) kubva kune imwe simba nhanho kuenda kune imwe, uye pachinzvimbo chepistons, iyo quantum injini inoburitsa simba muchimiro chemagetsi emagetsi.
Sezvo mvura inoshanda mune iyi dhizaini iri erekitironi, mitemo ye quantum mechanics inotanga kushanda. Zvinhu zvidiki-diki, senge ma electrons, zvinowanzova munzvimbo dzinoverengeka panguva imwe chete, iyo inonzi superposition, ndiko kuti, kana tikadzokera kumuenzaniso neinjini yekare, ipapo muinjini yehuwandu "piston" yedu panguva imwe chete. munzvimbo dzose dzepamusoro nepamusoro. Muchiitiko chedu neinjini ye quantum, erekitironi iri panguva imwe chete pamazinga esimba akati wandei pane imwe nguva nenguva. Zvese izvi zvakabatanidzwawo newave-particle duality, iwowo mashiripiti dzidziso yequantum fizikisi inotaura kuti chero microparticle zvakare wave wave.
Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, ichi chivakwa, sekureva kwesainzi, chinotungamira mukuwedzera kwesimba rekubuda, sezvo nedzidziso zvese zvinhu uye maitiro mukati meiyo quantum injini inodzokororwa kakawanda. “Uku ndiko kuedza kwokutanga kwatakakwanisa kuwana nzira iyi yokushanda nayo,” inodaro nyanzvi yefizikisi Roberto Serra anobva kuFederal University of ABC muSanto André, Brazil.
Asi, semamiriro ezvinhu ne quantum makomputa, zvese hazvisi nyore: yekuyedza micromotor haigone kunzi iyo yakazara-yakazara kuita. Parizvino, boka revasayendisiti rakaongorora simba rayo, asi harisati raongorora unhu hwakakosha hwakadaro sekushanda. Nokudaro, kuedza kuchaenderera mberi mune ramangwana.
Chinhu chemhando iyi yeinjini zvakare kufanana kwekushanda, ndiko kuti, modhi ine kuwedzera kana kuderera kwesimba hazvigoneke kwairi: inoramba ichigara, iyo inoisa zvimwe zvirambidzo pane izvi zvatove zvakanangana zvishandiso. "Kana ukaedza kuvaka motokari kana injini yejeti ... Hazvina maturo zvachose," anodaro nyanzvi yefizikisi Ian Walmsley weImperial College London, munyori pamwe chete wekudzidza, achitaura nezvekushandiswa kunoshanda kweinjini ye quantum mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano.
Nekudaro, tsvagiridzo iyi inoburitsa maficha matsva ekuti quantum mechanics inodyidzana sei ne thermodynamics, bazi refizikisi rinoongorora kuti simba rinofambiswa sei nekushandurwa. Imo munzvimbo iyi iyo injini itsva inovhura mukaha wekukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakaiswa nefizikisi yechinyakare pakugadzira magetsi. "Hatina kuchinja mitemo yethermodynamics, asi takawana chikamu chitsva," anodaro Walmsley.
Source: 3dnews.ru
