Pamusoro pevarwi vasingakwanisi

Mhoro %username%.

gjf mukubata zvakare.

Ndokumbira ruregerero ipapo kana nyaya yapfuura zvaiita sezvisingafadzi kwauri, asi mune mimwe mibvunzo ndinorasikirwa zvachose nekuseka.

Uye ndinokumbira ruregerero kana ndikaparadza manyepo evamwe vaverengi.

Asi zvichibva pamigumisiro yekuvhota, tichataura nezvekurwisa zvinodhaka. Asi iyi haisati iri mimwe mishonga yengano inoshandura munhu asina kusimba kuita Musoja Wepasi Pose.

Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose.

Pandakatanga kudzidza musoro wacho, ndainyanya kufarira vanhu vasina simba. Zvechokwadi: pane imwe nguva, vanhu vakangoerekana vaona kuti kana munhu wose akaiswa chepfu nechinhu chakadai sephosgene neV-gases, pangadai pasina vanhu vakasara!

Incapacitants inonakidza zvakanyanya! Netsanangudzo, "vasina simba zvinhu zvinotadzisa simba rinorarama kwenguva." Chaizvoizvo "kunze kwehurongwa" - asi kwete kufa.

Muhupenyu hwangu, ndakasangana neruzivo rwekuti akati wandei mapoka akaiswa sevasingagone:
Mamwe mazita asinganzwisisike ndakawana pamambure

1. Algogens zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kana zvasangana neganda. Parizvino, kune zvinyorwa zvinotengeswa kuzvidzivirira kwehuwandu hwevanhu. Kazhinji ivo vanewo lachrymatory effect. Muenzaniso: 1-methoxy-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, dibenzoxazepine, capsaicin, pelargonic acid morpholide, resiniferatoxin, phorbol esters, cycloheptatriene.
2. Anxiogens inokonzera acute panic attack mumunhu. Mienzaniso: cholecystokinin rudzi B receptor agonists.
3. Anticoagulants - kuderedza kuvhara kweropa, zvichikonzera kubuda ropa. Mienzaniso: superwarfarin, dicoumarin derivatives.
4. Zvinokwezva - kukwezva zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana kana mhuka (somuenzaniso, kuruma, kusingafadzi) kumunhu. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune kuvhunduka mumunhu kana kumutsa kurwisa kwezvipembenene pamunhu. Inogonawo kushandiswa kukwezva tupukanana kune zvirimwa zvevavengi. Muenzaniso: 3,11-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone (pete rinokwezva).
5. Aphrodisiacs - kukonzera kuwedzera kwakasimba kwe libido. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukakavara muchikwata chemauto chevarume vane zvepabonde. Mienzaniso: Viagra, Cialis.
6. Kunhuwa (malodorants) - kukonzera kubviswa kwevanhu kubva munharaunda kana kubva kune mumwe munhu nekuda kwekuvenga kwevanhu kune kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi kwenzvimbo (munhu). Zvimwe zvinhu zvacho pachazvo kana zvigadzirwa zvemetabolism yavo zvinogona kuve nekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi. Mienzaniso: mercaptans, isonitriles, selenols, sodium tellurite, geosmin, benzcyclopropane.
7. Kukonzera kurwadziwa kwemhasuru - kukonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mumhasuru dzemunhu. Mienzaniso: thymol amino esters.
8. Kukonzera kurasikirwa kwebvudzi - chinangwa chekushandisa ndechekukurudzira vanhu vanoita zvemagariro, kuderedza kukwezva kwekunze. Mienzaniso: thallium munyu.
9. Antihypertensives - inoderedza zvakanyanya BP, zvichiita kuti orthostatic collapse, izvo zvinoita kuti munhu arasikirwe nehana kana kukwanisa kufamba. Mienzaniso: clonidine, canbisol, platelet activating factor analogues.
10. Mahomoni - anokanganisa akawanda masisitimu emuviri mudiki zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kukonzera shanduko mukugara zvakanaka uye manzwiro. Metabolically stable forms of hormones inowanzogadzirwa. Mienzaniso: insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucocorticoids.
11. Denaturants - inopa kuravira kusingafadzi kune chikafu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera nzara munzvimbo dzakakanganisika. Mienzaniso: denatonium munyu, quinine.
12. Castrators - kukonzera makemikari castration (kurasikirwa kubereka). Mienzaniso: gossypol.
13. Catatonic - kukonzera kukura kwe catatonia kune avo vakabatwa. Inowanzo kunzi rudzi rwe psychochemical toxic substance. Mienzaniso: bulbocapnin.
14. Peripheral tsandanyama zvinozorodza zvinokonzeresa kuzorora kwakakwana kwemaskeletal tsandanyama. Inogona kukonzera rufu nekuda kwekuzorodza kwemhasuru dzekufema. Mienzaniso: tubocurarine, dithiline.
15. Pakati pemhasuru inozorodza inokonzera kuzorora kwemaskeletal tsandanyama. Kusiyana neaya epamhepo, iwo ane mhedzisiro shoma pakufema uye detoxification yavo yakaoma. Mienzaniso: tsandanyama relaxin, phenylglycerin, benzimidazole.
16. Diuretics - inokonzeresa kukurumidza kukuru mukudurura dundira. Mienzaniso: furosemide.
17. Anesthetic - kukonzera anesthesia muvanhu vane hutano. Kusvika ikozvino, kushandiswa kweboka iri rezvinhu kunokanganiswa nekuderera kwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa. Mienzaniso: isoflurane, halothane.
18. Mishonga yechokwadi inokonzeresa kuti vanhu vakure nyika yavasingagoni kunyepa nekuziva. Iko zvino yakaratidzwa kuti nzira iyi haivimbisi chokwadi chakakwana chemunhu uye kushandiswa kwavo kunogumira. Kazhinji izvi hazvisi zvinhu zvega, asi musanganiswa webarbiturates uye zvinokurudzira.
19. Narcotic analgesics - mumadosi ari pamusoro peanorapa, ane immobilizing mhedzisiro. Kugona kukonzera kupindwa muropa. Mienzaniso: fentanyl, carfentanil, 14-methoxymethopon, etorphine, dihydroetorphine.
20. Memory Ipairing - Inokonzera kurasikirwa kwekanguva kwenguva pfupi. Kazhinji chepfu. Mienzaniso: cycloheximide, domoic acid, akawanda anticholinergics, mamwe benzdiazepines.
21. Neuroleptics inokonzeresa mota uye kuderera kwepfungwa muvanhu. Mienzaniso: haloperidol, spiperone, fluphenazine.
22. Irreversible MAO inhibitors iboka rezvinhu zvinovhara monoamine oxidase. Somugumisiro, kana uchidya zvokudya zvakakwirira mumamines echisikigo (cheeses, chokoti), dambudziko re hypertension rinotsamwiswa. Mienzaniso: nialamide, pargyline.
23. Will suppressors - kukonzera kukanganisa kwekugona kuita sarudzo dzakazvimirira. Izvo zvinhu zvemapoka akasiyana. Muenzaniso: scopolamine.
24. Prurigens - chikonzero chisingashiviriki kuvaviwa. Somuenzaniso: 1,2-dithiocyanoethane.
25. Psychotomimetic zvinodhaka zvinokonzera psychosis inogara kwenguva yakati, panguva iyo munhu asingakwanisi kuita zvisarudzo zvakakwana. Muenzaniso: BZ, LSD, mescaline, DMT, DOB, DOM, cannabinoids, PCP, psilocybin, DET, DMHP.
26. Laxatives inokonzera kukurumidza kukurumidza mukubuda kwemukati wemukati. Nekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwezvinodhaka muboka iri, kuneta kwemuviri kunogona kukura. Mienzaniso: bisacodyl.
27. Lachrymators (lacrimators) inokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya uye kuvharwa kwemaziso emunhu, semugumisiro wekuti munhu haakwanisi kuona zviri kuitika kumativi ake uye anorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwake kurwa. Pane mwero wechepfu inoshandiswa kuparadzira kuratidzira. Mienzaniso: chloroacetophenone, bromoacetone, bromobenzyl cyanide, trialkyl lead salt, ethyl bromoacetate, ethyliodoacetate, ortho-chlorobenzylidene malonodinitrile (CS).
28. Mapiritsi ekukotsira - anoita kuti munhu abatwe nehope. Mienzaniso: flunitrazepam, barbiturates.
29. Sternites - kukonzera kusingadzoreki kuhotsira uye kukosora, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti munhu arase gasi mask. Pane mareport cards. Mienzaniso: adamsite, diphenylchloroarsine, diphenylcyanarsine.
30. Tremorgens - inokonzeresa kugwinha gwinha kwemaskeletal tsandanyama. Mienzaniso: tremorine, oxotremorine, tremorgenic mycotoxins.
31. Photosensitizers - wedzera kunzwa kweganda kune solar ultraviolet mwaranzi. Pakubuda muchiedza chezuva, munhu anogona kutsva kunorwadza. Mienzaniso: hypericin, furocoumarins.
32. Emetics (emetics) - inokonzera gag reflex, semugumisiro wekuti kuva mune gasi mask hazvigoneki. Mienzaniso: apomorphine derivatives, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, PHNO, aminotetralin derivatives.

Sezvo uyu ari Habr, uye iyi opus haina kunyorwa nachiremba wesainzi, mukuru mukuru mumakemikari. mauto, nhengo-cor. zvichingodaro zvichingodaro, zvino ndinotora rusununguko rwekupikisa rondedzero iyi.
Iyo nharo ichave ipfupi, yedivi rimwe, isina hunyanzvi uye yakanyanya kuzviisa pasi."Zvinodhaka zvechokwadi" zvinofanirwa kupihwa mutsinga - uye panguva imwechete zvinofanirwa kuve nemhedzisiro yepfungwa pamunhu. Nzira yekushandisa sei izvi mumamiriro ekurwa? Uye "mienzaniso" inonyanya kukakavara: semuenzaniso, "castrator" gossypol inonzi polyphenol yakasikwa ine antiviral, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antioxidant properties, uye antitumor basa. Handisati ndamboona ruzivo rwekuti inoshandiswa kumakemikari castration: haisi hormone yakafanana ne cyproterone acetate, iyo ichaita kuti kunyange murume ane maziso anowanzokura mabhobho, uye kwete antipsychotic yakafanana nebenperidol, iyo inoita kuti iwe urege kuda chinhu zvachose. Sezviri pachena, basa re "castrators" mukuderedza kukwanisa kurwa kwevanyori rakashanduka zvikuru mushure menyaya yaTheon Greyjoy - zvakanaka, hapana, akazozviratidza kuti akanaka kwazvo, hongu.

Zvinhu zvinonhuwa zvichavhundutsa varwi here? Izvi zvakanyorwa nemunhu aive asati ambosvika kumabharaki.

Uye scopolamine inodzvinyirira kuda here? Bugaga.

Naizvozvo, ini handisi kuzoedza kupa mienzaniso kubva pane ino runyorwa kuboka rega rega. Pamwe aripo, asi akaiswa mumapoka, pamwe aya angori fungidziro yevanyori vakaaratidza, kana pamwe ini handisi kuda)))

Ndiri kufinhwawo neboka revanotsamwisa - iyi ndiyo nhamba yelachrymators (chii chinoita kuti vacheme) uye sternites (chii chinoita kuti vakosore). Ini handisi kuzofunga zvinotsamwisa - chekutanga, kunewo dambudziko navo - haagare kwenguva refu, kunyanya kana iwe ukasiya nzvimbo yakakanganisika, uye nevamwe, kutadza netsaona kunogona kuitika, kunyanya neCS muVietnam (zvisinei, mushure me defoliants. , handifungi kuti iri ndiro rakanga riri dambudziko guru). Zvakanaka, chechipiri, sezvandinozvinzwisisa, kuverenga kwenguva refu kwakabereka muverengi)

Saka, %username%, ngatitaure nezve zvimwe zvinhu zvinonakidza!

Iko hakuzove nekurova parade panguva ino, saka rega munhu wese asarudze zvaanoda.

Ftorotan (halothane)

Ftorotan ndiyo inonyanya kufinha, yakapusa uye isingafadzi isingakwanisi. Imvura isina ruvara, isingabatike uye inopisa zvakanyanya (inofashaira ingangoita 50°C). Inonhuhwirira se chlorform.

Fluorotane anesthesia inoshandiswa pakuvhiya kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuvhiyiwa kwemudumbu (padumbu kana nhengo dzechipfuva), muvana nevakwegura, uye kune varwere vane bronchial asthma. Kushandiswa kwefluorotane anesthesia kunonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kushushikana uye kushushikana kwemurwere kunofanira kudziviswa (somuenzaniso, mune neurosurgery, ophthalmology, nezvimwewo). Kuti uite anesthesia, tanga nekupiwa kwefluorothane muhuwandu hwe 0,5 vol.% (neokisijeni), uye mukati memaminitsi 1,5-3 kuwedzera kusvika ku 3-4 vol.%. Kuti uchengetedze danho rekuvhiya reanesthesia, mutsara we 0,5-2 vol.% unoshandiswa.

Paunenge uchishandisa fluorotane, consciousness kazhinji inodzima 1-2 maminetsi mushure mekutanga kwekufema mhute dzayo. Mushure memaminitsi 3-5, danho rekuvhiya reaneshesia rinotanga. 3-5 maminetsi mushure mekumisa kupihwa kwefluorotane, varwere vanotanga kumuka. Kuora mwoyo kweanesthesia kunopera zvachose 5-10 maminitsi mushure menguva pfupi yeanesthesia uye 30-40 maminitsi mushure menguva refu anesthesia. Mufaro hauwanzo uye unoratidzwa zvisina simba. Iko hakuna kushatirwa kwemaitiro ekufema zvachose.

Vanoti haufanirwe kuita dabble nefluorotane, nekuti mune dzimwe nguva inokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwechiropa (halothane hepatitis). Hepatitis inowanzoitika muvanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mana, kazhinji muvakadzi kupfuura varume. Iyo chepfu mhedzisiro yefluorotane haingokonzeri kune yakananga mhedzisiro, asiwo nekuumbwa kwechepfu metabolites (trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetaldehyde).

Asi sezvo fluorotane vapor inenge 6,7 nguva inorema kudarika mhepo, yainyatsoonekwa se "gasi rekurara" sarudzo, iyo yakaipa ndeyokuti iwe unoda kuita nekukurumidza, nokuti mushure mokunge maputi apararira, munhu wose achamuka mumaminitsi mashanu.

Isoflurane ine zvinhu zvakafanana.
Isoflurane

Ava ndivo vanopinda-level incapacitants. Asi ivo vanowana iro Guru uye Rinotyisa boka revafizikiki - zvinhu zvinokonzeresa pfupi-pfupi kusagadzikana - kwemuviri kana physiological.

Ndiani mumwe watinaye pano?

Apomorphine

Zvakanaka, apomorphine inogona kunyatsozivikanwa kune avo vari kuda kuzviuraya uye vakambosangana nehuturu hwechikafu. Hongu, hongu, uyu mushonga unowanikwa kubva kumorphine nekuuisa pachena kune hydrochloric acid. Muchiitiko ichi, bhiriji yeokisijeni ye morphine alkaloids inobviswa uye, semugumisiro wekugadzirisazve molecular, itsva ina-cyclic compound inoumbwa.

Vese vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka vanofanirwa kumira uye kwete kumhanya kuchitoro chemishonga - kunyangwe apomorphine ichichengeta zvimwe zvezvinhu zvababa vayo, mhedzisiro yayo huru yakasiyana: ine simba emetic. 0,01 mg / kg inokonzera manzwiro anotevera anofadza: pakutanga iwe, % username%, unoratidzika kunge unonzwa seasick: kucheneruka, kutonhora, kusuruvara - kana usati wamborwara negungwa, zvino enda mberi - unovimbiswa kunzwisisa kuti unonzwa sei. Zvino mushure memaminitsi anenge 3-10 iwe uchatanga pakarepo, zvakanyanya uye zvisingadzoreki kurutsa. Aiwa, hazvina kuita se "kukanda" senge dzimwe nguva mushure mekunwa - kwete: uri kushamwaridzana neshamwari chena, angangove ari munzvimbo inokudzwa mumba mako. Zvinotora inenge awa kumumbundira uye kufonera Ichthyander - nguva dzose, nekuputsika kusingawanzo. Ipapo anoregedza - kushaya simba kudiki uye zvese zvichapfuura.

Zviri pachena here zvino kuti sei apomorphine inoshandiswa mukurwadzisa chepfu?

Zviri pachena kuti murwi ane simba anoshuva zvisingadzoreki nyika yake haabatsiri muhondo. Pane imwe chete dhizaini: apomorphine inofanirwa kubaiwa muropa kana kupinza mumhino. Kuti uve nemhedzisiro, unofanirwa kunwa yakawanda nemvura (inopfuura 10 mg) - uye iri mugelatin capsule ine ascorbic acid, zvikasadaro chinhu chinodonha mudumbu. Hazvizoshandi saizvozvo pakurwa.

Nenzira, apomorphine inowanzoshandiswa kudzidzisa zvidhakwa zvakakwana. Nzira yekudzidzira iri nyore: apomorphine hydrochloride inobayiwa pasi peganda mune imwe yero ye 0,002 g kusvika 0,01 g, mumwe nomumwe achisarudza muyero unokonzera kurutsa mumurwere akapiwa. 3-4 maminetsi mushure mekutonga kweapomorphine, ipa murwere girazi rine 30-50 ml yechinwiwa chinodhaka chaanoshungurudza. Kana kusvotwa kunotanga, vanokurudzira kutora chinwiwa, mushure mezvo unofanira kuchifemba uye wogeza muromo wako nacho. Kana kusvotwa kunowedzera uye murwere anonzwa kuswedera kwekurutsa, anofanira kutora imwe sip yechinwiwa chinodhaka. Kazhinji 1-15 maminetsi mushure mekutanga kwekusvotwa, kurutsa kunotanga. Mishonga inoitwa 1-2 nguva pazuva. Pavlov anoombera.

Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvine maitiro akafanana. Heino muenzaniso wepedyo:
Lycorin

Hapana anogamuchira lycorine, yakaparadzaniswa: iri alkaloid inowanikwa muhuwandu hwemiti yemhuri yeamaryllis, kunyanya mumiti yegenera Clivia, Crinum, Galanthus, uye Ungernia.
Mushonga wacho une simba rakapetwa ka50 pane apomorphine, asi unokonzera kurutsa kunyange kana uchinge uine chepfu ne antipsychotics - ndosaka ichinyanya kufarirwa pakati pevanhu vanoda kuzviuraya.

Fentanyl

Ini handifarire chinhu ichi, asi ndiyo imwe nyaya. Fentanyl inonzi narcotic analgesic. Muchiito chekurapa chinoshandiswa nenzira ye citrate. Iine simba, rinokurumidza analgesic effect. MuchiRussia, vanomira kubva kwaari. Uye zvakasimba. Sezvakaita heroin.

Kana ikaitwa parenterally kumhuka, inokonzera analgesia mumiyero yezviuru kusvika kuzana yemg/kg. Mhedzisiro inoitika mukati me2-10 maminetsi. Mushonga unouraya wefentanyl wegonzo kana ukapinzwa mutsinga iLD50 = 3–5 mg/kg. Fentanyl inokonzera kurasikirwa kwekunzwa muvanhu pachiyero chemuromo che 0,05-0,1 mg / kg, uye pamwero uri pamusoro pe 0,2 mg / kg, kudengenyeka kwatoitika.

Zvakanaka, zviri pachena kuti makemikari ane ushingi haana kumira pa fentanyl uye akatanga kushingaira kutsvaga zvekuita nayo kuti ibude nokukurumidza, yakakwirira, yakasimba. Zvakanaka, ndinofanira kutaura - zvakashanda. Zvimwe zvinobudirira pazasi.

Carfentanil

Kubudirira kwakakosha. Imwe yeopioid ine simba zvikuru, imwe unit ye ​​carfentanil ine simba rakapetwa ka100 pane imwe chete yefentanyl, 5000 yakapetwa simba kupfuura yuniti yeheroin, uye ka10 ine simba kupfuura yuniti yemorphine. Iyo yepakati analgesic chiitiko ED000 (kureva, yakakanganisa 50% yezvidzidzo) yechinhu ichi kana ichiiswa mukati memutsinga kumakonzo ndeye 50 mcg/kg, iyo yepakati inouraya dose LD0,41 (pano 50% yakafa) ndeye 50 mg/kg, kuratidzwa pa muviri wemunhu unotanga ne3,39 mcg.

Munguva yerunyararo, carfentanil inoshandiswa senzira yekunyaradza nzou: kana iwe, %username%, uchichengeta nzou kumba, zvino kuiisa kurara, ziva kuti mamirigiramu maviri ecarfentanil anokwana. Chinhu ichi chinogadzirwa kutengeswa: mushonga uri pamusika wemishonga pasi pezita rezita rekuti Wildnil sechinhu chinotindivadza chinoitirwa mhuka huru - iyo yakanyanya simba hairatidzi kushandiswa kwayo muvanhu. Kana iwe uchifarira, iyo opioid ine simba kwazvo ikozvino inoshandiswa pakurapa muvanhu ndeye sufentanil, iyo inenge 10-20 nguva yakaderera kune carfentanil. Nenzira, ohmefentanil inoshandiswawo kune mhuka. Uye hongu, ese aya "masirinji anobhururuka" anobva munyaya iyi.

Mumwe muenzaniso unozivikanwa wekushandiswa kwecarfentanil mukurapa kwezvipfuyo chikamu cheDiscovery Channel documentary series Animal Cops: Houston, iyo yakaratidza kuti bere rebrown rakaitwa sei necarfentanil (yakanyungudutswa muuchi) kuitira kuti itakurwe zvakachengeteka kubva anoshungurudza muridzi wepachivande kumaodzanyemba. Texas kuenda kuHouston Zoo.

Maererano nenhamba yenyanzvi, iyo isina kusimbiswa nemauto ekuchengetedza eRussia, carfentanil-based aerosol yakashandiswa panguva yedutu reDubrovka Theatre Center muMoscow muna 2002 kuderedza mukana wemagandanga ari kuputika mabhomba. Iyi mhedziso yakatorwa kubva mukuti mabasa ekurapa kwekukurumidzira akarairwa (nekunonoka uye pasina kuburitswa kwechimiro chemumiririri) kushandisa opioid vanopikisa. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo, vanachiremba vaisakwanisa kugadzira hurongwa hwekumutsiridza uye kupa huwandu hwakakwana hwenaloxone uye naltrexone yakashandiswa nekuda kwezvinangwa izvi kubudirira kubatsira vese vanobatwa. Tichifunga kuti carfentanil ndiyo chete inoshanda chikamu cheiyo hypnotic aerosol, chikonzero chikuru chekufa chingave chaive opioid-induced kufema kusungwa, mune iyo mamiriro ekufema ekufema uye vanopikisa vakaiswa munharaunda (pane kuendeswa kumakiriniki) vangave vakaponesa hupenyu hwevazhinji. kana vose vakakuvadzwa.

Rega ndisimbise zvakare: Ini ndanga ndisipo, ndiri kunyora zviri pachena, uye nekudaro ndichataura kuti kuchine maonero ekuti:

• Yakanga isiri carfentanil yakashandiswa, asi 3-methylfentanyl (ichakurukurwa pasi apa).
• Fluorothane yakashandiswa (yaive yakakwirira).
• BZ yakashandiswa (ichava zvachose pasi).

Muchidimbu, %username%, kana uine mimwe mibvunzo pamusoro peizvi, fonera +74952242222.

Alfentanil

Alfentanil ndiye munun'una wecarfentanil. Pachiyero che 0,0025 mg/kg, vanhu vanonzwa kudengenyeka, uye pachiyero che 0,175 mg/kg, munhu anova asingafambi 4-5 maminetsi mushure mekutonga. Zvinonzi US National Institute of Justice, mukutsvaga kwayo zvinhu zvinogona kumisa matsotsi pasina kuvakuvadza, yakashandisawo alfentanil. Zvakazoitika, zvisinei, kuti kana iwe ukapfuura muyero wekurapa ne4 nguva, pane njodzi yekuuraya kufema kusungwa. Pakupedzisira, vatsvakurudzi vakatozosiya kuedza nealfentanil uye kutsvaga zvinhu zvakachengeteka. 1972-methylfentanyl, yakagadzirwa muna 3, yakave yakakurumbira - mushonga une simba uye analgesic, 500-2000 nguva yakawanda kupfuura heroin. Kana ichishandiswa nekufemerwa, mwero wekuita kwe3-methylfentanyl unopfuura kune akawanda psychomimetics.

3-methylfentanyl

Kuziva nezvezvinhu zvefentanyl derivatives, vamwe vakasarudza kugadzira chepfu yavo nekuita uye mahure - uye α-methylfentanyl yakaonekwa. Ichi chinhu chinodhaka chakashata, chiri nyore kugadzira pakati pese fentanyl derivatives. Zvimiro: zvinoparadza hupenyu hweavo vanozvigamuchira, uye avo vanozviita. On musimboti, ini handizonyora chero chinhu nezvake. Tine urombo, %username%.

Nenzira, kuti urege kufamba, haufaniri kumupomba azere nemishonga. Iyo inotevera komputa ine zvakare immobilizing mhedzisiro:

0,001 mg / kg inokonzera kushaya simba kwemuviri, kunyange zvazvo inopfuura nokukurumidza. Kuti uve usina simba nekusingaperi, iwe unofanirwa kudya zvakanyanya: iyo ine muchetura dosi iri 1000 nguva yakakwirira.
Kutendeseka: Ndatokanganwa zita risingakoshi remazuva ese rechinhu ichi, asi ndawana fomula. Shandisa.

Tiri kusimudza matanho, %username%!

Sernil

Sernyl, kana phencyclidine, kana SN maererano nemazita emasevhisi ekunze mune dosi ye0,03-1 mg/kg, mushure menguva yeawa imwe chete yeawa imwe chete, inotanga kushanda zvinosetsa zvikuru: pane nguva nenguva shanduko muhurumende. yekunakidzwa uye kuora mwoyo. Handizivi nzira yekutaura nayo manzwiro aya, asi pakupedzisira muviri unoneta nokukurumidza. Pane kunzwa kwekusurukirwa kwakadzama uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, ipapo - negativism uye ruvengo. Maawa 8-10 mushure mokugamuchira sernil, zviratidzo zvinosiyana zvishoma kubva kune schizophrenia.

Kana iwe ukawedzera zvishoma, saka pa 2 mg / kg catalepsy inogoneka kusvika kumazuva matatu. Apa ndipo paunogara, tarisa kunze nepahwindo uye usafamba. Asi pane zvakanakira - iwe unogona kuratidza mune imwe gallery ...

Chishamiso ichi chakasikwa muma1950 muUSA uye chakatomboshandiswa pakurapa kusvika 1965. Kubva 1979, sernyl yakarambidzwa kushandiswa uye kugadzira.

Nenzira, chikamu chinonakidza cheyadhi yako chinogona kuziva sarufa sePCP, Runyararo piritsi, Angel dust - hongu, "Aria" anoimba nezvazvo, HOG, Killer sora, KJ, Embalming fluid, Rocker fuel, Sherms, nezvimwe.

Sernil inokurumidza kukonzeresa kupindwa muropa, uyezve, shamwari iyi ine godo zvakanyanya kune mamwe manyuko emafaro enyika: pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu - semuenzaniso, doro, mbanje kana benzodiazepines - zvinogona kutungamirira kucoma.

Shamwari yaSernil uye shamwari-mumaoko ndeiyi:
Vamwe bhuru

Ichi ndicho chinhu chechipiri chandakakanganwa zita risina basa. Zvino iwe unoziva runyoro rwangu rwerunyoro, %username%! Nditende, izvi zvakaipa kupfuura chero chepfu.

Iyi marara mumatare e60-210 mcg/kg inoshanda mumaawa 0,5-2 kana yakatorwa nemuromo, uye kana yakafemerwa kana kubaiwa, zvino mushure memaminitsi mashanu. Paavhareji, 5 mg chete inodiwa pamunhu.

Kana yabatwa, zviratidzo zvakafanana ne sernil. Nenguva isipi mushure mekudhakwa, kupera simba, dzungu, kudedera uye kuzununguka kwemhasuru kuchaonekwa, ipapo kusvotwa, chiveve mumuromo uye kusagadzikana kwekutaura kuchaonekwa. Uye munguva inenge awa chinhu chikuru chichatanga. Iko kugona kuisa pfungwa uye kufunga, pfungwa yenguva nenzvimbo icharasika. Kurongeka kwakakanganiswa, maconditioned reflexes anokanganiswa. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha: kuona zvinhu. Colorful. Auditory uye kuona. Asi dambudziko nderekuti, munhu wese anotyisa. Kupesana nekumashure kwekunzwa kusingaperi kwekutya uye kutya, ichi chinhu. Iwe uchatya, kunzwa uye kuona izvo zvaunotya kwenguva yakareba 5-6 maawa, uye kana iwe uine rombo rakanaka kubata 200 mcg / kg kana kupfuura, depersonalization yakakwana inoitika, iwe, % username%, hausisiri% username% - asi idiki, inodedera, ichizunza chisikwa chinochema, chinochema uye chiri KUTYA. Hazvinakidze here?

Kunakidzwa kwakanyanya zvekuti iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa psychotropic incapacitants inosanganiswa ne hallucinogenic mhedzisiro.

Saka ngatisanganei - LSD

Nenzira, shure kweshoko rokuti "LSD" ndiro zita reunyanzvi - D-lysergic acid N, N-diethylamide. Zvakanaka, zvakaita sekudaidzwa nezita rako rekutanga uye patronymic.

Chokwadi, %username%, handizive kuti sei kana kuti sei.Musi waMbudzi 16, 1938, nyanzvi yekemisitiri yekuSwitzerland Albert Hofmann muBasel akawana LSD-25 kubva kulysergic acid (25 nekuti yaive komboni yechi25 yaakagadzira). Vanhu vaitoziva nezve chepfu yeergotoxins kubva kuergot; Arthur Stoll murabhoritari yeSandoz akange atoisa yega ergotamine kubva ku sclerotia muna 1918 - asi vakaidzidza muchiedza chekukurudzira kwayo mamhasuru echibereko. Handifungi kuti Hofmann aiva nematambudziko nechibereko chake, asi neimwe nzira kana imwe, akawana LSD. Muombererei (kunyangwe akatofa, asi kwete kubva pane izvi).

Uye saka, Kubvumbi 19, 1943, Hofmann, semusayendisiti wechokwadi (hmm?), Akagamuchira zvaakagadzira. 250 micrograms. Chigumisiro: mushure mechinguva, chizuru uye kushungurudzika zvakatanga kuonekwa. Nenguva isipi mhedzisiro yacho yakave yakasimba zvekuti Albert akange asisakwanise kugadzira mitsara inowirirana uye, akacherechedzwa nemubatsiri wake, akaziviswa nezvekuyedza, akatasva bhasikoro kumba. Rwendo rwacho rwakazove runonakidza: Manzwiro aHofmann - kutyaira zvishoma nezvishoma - kwaisaenderana nevavariro: aityaira kunge guinea nguruve. Panguva imwecheteyo, boulevard yaizivikanwa munzira yekuenda kumba yakashandura Hofmann kuita mufananidzo naSalvador Dali: zvaiita sekuti zvivako zvakafukidzwa nemapundu maduku.

Pashure pokunge Hofmann asvika kumba, akakumbira mubatsiri wake kudana chiremba ndokukumbira muvakidzani wake mukaka, uyo akanga asarudza somushonga mukuru wechepfu.

Chiremba akasvika haana kuwana chero abnormalities mumurwere, kunze kwevana vadiki. Zvisinei, kwemaawa anoverengeka, Hofmann akanga ari mumamiriro ezvinhu okudenha: zvaiita sekuti akanga agarwa nemadhimoni, kuti muvakidzani wake aiva muroyi, uye kuti midziyo yaiva mumba make yaimutyisidzira. Ipapo manzwiro ekuzvidya mwoyo akadzikira, uye akatsiviwa nemifananidzo yakawanda-mavara mumhando yedenderedzwa uye spirals, iyo isina kupera kunyange nemaziso akavharwa. Hofmann akatiwo akanzwa ruzha rwemotokari yaipfuura muchimiro chemufananidzo wemaziso.

Musi wa22 Kubvumbi, akanyora nezvekuedza kwake uye ruzivo rwake, uye gare gare akabatanidza chinyorwa ichi mubhuku rake LSD - My Problem Child.

Mukutanga kwebhuku rake, Hofmann akanyora, kunyanya, kuti akazove kemisiti nekuda kwechido chake chekubatana kwakakwana nemasikirwo. Akanga achitsvaka zvinhu zvinowedzera mano omunhu okunzwisisa zvose zvakamupoteredza. Zvisinei, panguva yekunyora bhuku, musayendisiti akanga atoziva kuti kubatana kwaakawana hakusi kungowedzera kuziva, asi kunogonawo kuparadza psyche yevanhu, zvichiita kuti pave nemigumisiro yakaipa.

“Kupinzwa nemaune kwezviitiko zvisinganzwisisike, kunyanya nerubatsiro rweLSD nemamwe mahallucinogens, kana zvichienzaniswa nezvinoitika zvinongoerekana zvaitika, zvine njodzi dzisingatarisirwe. Varapi vanofanirwa kufunga nezvezvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvinhu izvi, kureva kugona kwavo kupesvedzera kuziva kwedu, zvakadzika hunhu hwedu. Nhoroondo yeLSD kusvika parizvino inoratidza mhedzisiro yakaipa inogona kuitika kana kudzika kwemhedzisiro yayo kukadzikiswa uye chinhu ichi chinoonekwa semushonga unofanirwa kutorwa nekuda kwekunakidzwa. Kushandisa zvisizvo uye kushandisa zvisina kufanira kwakaita kuti LSD ive mwana wangu ane dambudziko."

- "LSD idambudziko rangu mwana", A. Hofmann.

Zvisinei, kubvira ipapo, April 19, 1943, vamwe vatsigiri vakadana “Zuva Remabhasikoro” uye vakatorichengeta. Nenzira yangu.
Chitambi chekukudza zororo. Chii chiri kune rumwe rutivi rwechitambi - fungidzira?

Iyo nzira yekuita yeLSD yakaoma kwazvo. Chekutanga pane zvese, chinhu ichi chiumbwa analogue ye serotonin, neurotransmitter inodzora nyika dzekuzorora, kurara uye kuchengetedza simba. Iyo antiserotonin mhedzisiro yeLSD inotungamirira kukufungidzira. Pamusoro peiyo yakaderera-chaiyo serotoninolytic (chinhu chinovhara ma receptors etsinga synapses umo murevereri ari serotonin), LSD inewo inhibitory mhedzisiro pane monoamine oxidase (MAO) ye serotonin, pamwe neiyo MAO yevamwe varevereri. - γ-aminobutyric asidhi, histamine uye norepinephrine. Muchidimbu, mhedzisiro yacho yakasiyana uye inofanira kutaurwa kuti haina kunyatso dzidza.

Kwenguva yakati zvaifungidzirwa kuti kudzidza mushonga mutsva kwaizopa ruzivo rwechimiro cheschizophrenia, iyo inoratidzirwawo nezvinetso nekushanda kwe serotonin. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akawanda haana kutenda kuti psychedelic uye schizophrenic psychosis zvakafanana. Pasinei nezvimwe zvakafanana, fungidziro yechimiro chimwe cheschizophrenia uye chiito cheLSD chakarambwa.

Imwe nzira kana imwe, muma1960, tsvagiridzo yeLSD yakaitwa nesimba - uye ikozvino ndiri kutaura nezve chidzidzo cherunyararo chakaitwa nemasayendisiti kumayunivhesiti eUSA nedzimwe nyika. Zvidzidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvaStanislav Grof naTimothy Leary. Iyo yekupedzisira yakasimudzira ichi psychotropic chinhu, sezvo aitenda kuti kubatsira kwayo kwakapfuura mhedzisiro inogona kuitika. Mukuwedzera, akapa LSD kune vamwe vadzidzi pasina kuvanyevera nezvezita rayo, sezvaiwanzoitwa panguva yekudzidza psychedelics panguva iyi. Zvadaro, Timothy Leary akatambudzwa zvakasimba nezviremera, kusanganisira nekuda kwechimiro chake chehasha pamusoro pezvakanaka zve "kuwedzera kwekuziva" kwevanhu.

Muna 1977, panguva yekunzwa kwedare reSeneti yeUS, Mutungamiriri weCIA, Stansfield Turner, akabvuma kuti CIA yanga ichiita ongororo dzakatevedzana vachishandisa LSD pavanhu pasina mvumo yavo kana ruzivo kubva kutanga kwema1960 (chirongwa cheMK Ultra). Vazhinji vekuAmerica vakaedzwa zvakadaro, pakati pavo paive, kunyanya, vasungwa, varwere muzvipatara zvepfungwa uye varwere munzvimbo dzekenza, vanamukoti, uye "vamwe vashandi vekurapa." Panguva imwe cheteyo, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvokuedza “zvakava zviratidzo zvokutanga zveschizophrenia.”

Mafungu ekuda kwe psychotropic zvinhu uye LSD yakatsvaira muAmerica, iyo yakakonzera zvakanyanya kuumbwa kweiyo counterculture yemakumi matanhatu nemakumi manomwe. Chirevo chaDr. Leary chakasvika pakuzivikanwa zvikuru uye chakava chirevo chevatsigiri vokushandiswa kwezvirwere zvepfungwa: “Batidza, teerera, regedza.” Izwi rekuti "kudonha" raireva kusimuka kubva kune inochengetedza tsika uye mararamiro echikamu chikuru chenzanga.

Muna 1966, kugadzirwa, kugovera uye kushandiswa kwakarambidzwa muUnited States. Mushonga wacho wakarambidzwa kunyange nekutsvakurudza kwerabhoritari.
Uye zvechokwadi vanhu vakasika vaida LSD.

• Apo The Beatles yakanyora rwiyo "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", John Lennon akatsanangura kwakabva zita rerwiyo nokutaura kuti mwanakomana wake Julian akabhabhatidza mufananidzo wake saizvozvo. Nekudaro, vazhinji vakaona muzita iri ratidziro yemushonga LSD, nekuti ichi ndicho chidimbu chakaumbwa nemabhii ayo ekutanga, uye BBC yakarambidza zvachose rwiyo kubva mukutenderera. Paul McCartney akazotaura kuti pesvedzero yeLSD parwiyo urwu iri pachena.
• Vafudzi veLSD vaisanganisira masayendisiti akadai saFrancis Crick, mumwe wemapiyona mukudzidza kwemaitiro nemabasa eDNA, uye Stanislav Grof, uyo akadzidza transpersonal psychology. Steve Jobs naBill Gates vakashandisawo mushonga uyu. Mabasa anotsanangura chiitiko chake cheLSD se "chimwe chezvinhu zviviri kana zvitatu zvakakosha zvandakamboita muupenyu hwangu." Nenzira, Mabasa akafa nekenza yepancreatic, uye Gates ndomumwe wevane rekodhi yehuwandu hwemari yakapihwa kune rudo. Zvingangodaro kuti izvi hazvina chokuita nazvo.
• Icho chinhu chinonyatsozivikanwa kuti yaive LSD yakashandiswa "kufemerwa" nevanyori vane mukurumbira pasi rose Aldous Huxley ("Akashinga Nyika Itsva"), Kurt Vonnegut ("Cat's Cradle"), Ken Kesey ("Mumwe Akabhururuka Pamusoro peCuckoo's. Nest"), pamwe nevamwe vaimbi vakaita saJohn Lennon, Syd Barrett, Jim Morrison nevamwe.
• Nenzira, mufirimu "Black Mirror. Bandersnatch” gamba neshamwari yake vanoona mhedzisiro yeLSD yakafanana nechinhu chaicho.

Asi ngatidzokere kunyaya yedu. Panguva yekuwanikwa kweLSD, masoja uye masevhisi ehungwaru aive nerunyorwa rwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirirwa zvine maitiro akafanana: mescaline, psilocybin, TMA, THC, nalorphine, harmine, DOM, DMT, ibotenic acid. Kunyange iyo imwe chete N,N-dimethylamide yeacetic acid - uye pa 400 mg / kg inokonzera kuora mwoyo, kurasikirwa kwemaitiro, maonero ekuona, delirium uye lethargy - uye nekuvimbika, kwemazuva manomwe!

Asi vachiri kusarudza LSD. Sei?

• Kutiza kwakavimbika, 0,1-0,2 mg per teetotaler uye 0,3-0,5 mg pamunwiwa inokwana (hongu, ndizvozvo!). IZVI ZVINYIKA KWAZVO! Ndosaka munzvimbo dzinonakidza vasingatengese mapiritsi eLSD-vanotengesa mabhureki ekuti, kana ukavananzva, unovimbiswa kuwana muyero chaiwo.
• LSD inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura (nenzira ye tartrate) uye yakagadzikana.
• Chirwere chinouraya chinenge 100 mg pamunhu, iyo inopfuura 500-1000 nguva dzakakwirira kupfuura iyo inoshanda. Zvakaoma kuuraya (asi nenzira, munhu 1 kubva pavatatu anomuka kubva kuN,N-dimethylamide yeacetic acid yataurwa pamusoro).
• Iko hakuna cumulative effect.
• Iko hakuna pekugara - kanenge physiologically.
• "Anotakura" kweashoma maawa mashanu - akareba mazuva maviri.

Saka mushonga hauna kungowana nzira yekupinda munhoroondo, asi zvakare yakagamuchirwa pasi peinonzwisisika uye yakajeka kodhi LSD. Ivo zvakare vakagadzira analogues! Chokwadi, vose havana kubudirira.
Iwo makuru analogues eLSD (mumababareki yavo hallucinogenic chiitiko maererano neLSD mu%).

• 2-bromo-LSD (7%, mugumisiro unooneka chete 2% yezvidzidzo, 1,5 nguva yakawanda inoshingaira antiserotonin kupfuura LSD, chidimbu - BOL);
• lysergic acid amide (0%);
• Lysergic acid dimethylamide (10%);
• lysergic acid monoethylamide (5-10%);
• lysergic acid morpholide (30%);
• 1-acetyl-LSD (100%, asi nguva yekuita ndeye 2-3 nguva ipfupi, uye zvinomera zvinomera zvinonyanya kutaurwa, zita - ALD-52);
• 1-methyl-LSD (36%, 4 nguva yakawanda kupfuura LSD maererano nebasa re antiserotonin);
• 1-methoxy-LSD (66%);
• lysergic acid pyrrolidide (5%).

Izvo zvisingabatsiri zveLSD zvaizova pachena: ergot yaidiwa pakugadzirwa, yaifanira kukura, yakabudisa zvishoma lysergic acid - chigadzirwa chacho chaidhura. Kutsvaga kwakatanga chimwe chinhu chaisazonyanya kuipa. Uye zvakadaro takaiwana!
BZ

Kwete, %username%, "BZ" haina chekuita neruzha rwemhando ipi zvayo. Uye chokwadi chekuti "BZ", kana paine chikanganiso nehurongwa, inoshanduka kuva "YA" inongoitika. Pamwe.

BZ - benzyl acid 3-quinuclidyl ester is psychotomimetic kubva kuboka re glycolate.
Yakagadzirwa neSwiss pharmaceutical company Hoffman-LaRoche muna 1951 - kambani iyi yaitsvaga antispasmodics yekurapa zvirwere zvemudumbu. Uye izvo zvakazove zvisina kukodzera maronda zvakazove zvakanyatsokodzera kune zvimwe zvinangwa (zvakanaka, neViagra, nenzira, zvakafanana zvakaitika).

Panguva ino, mauto eUnited States aitsvaga kutsvaga zvinodhaka zvisingaurayi, psychoactive incapacitating drugs, kusanganisira zvinodhaka zvepfungwa zvakadai seLSD neTHC, zvinodhaka zvinoparadzana zvakadai se ketamine uye phencyclidine, opioid yakasimba yakadai se fentanyl, uye akawanda glycolate anticholinergics. . Ndipo pandakazoita rombo rakanaka.

Mushonga wacho wakatanga kunzi "TK", asi pawakagadziriswa neHondo muna 1961, wakagamuchira zita reNATO rekodhi "BZ". Mumiririri uyu aiwanzozivikanwa se "Buzz" nekuda kwechidimbu ichi uye nemhedzisiro yaaive nayo pamamiriro epfungwa evanhu vanozvipira kuEdgewood Arsenal muMaryland.

Muna 1962, paPine Bluff mauto base (Arkansas), kuiswa kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveBZ pachiyero cheindasitiri kwakatangwa. Kubudirira kwayo kurwa kwakaongororwa panguva yekuedzwa kwemunda kwakapedzwa muna 1966.

Sezvo BZ iri kristaro chena ine kunyunguduka kwe190 ° C, kuderera kwakadzika uye kugadzikana kwekushisa kwepamusoro, mabhomba emapoka akashandiswa akaparadzira pyrotechnic "kusvuta" mabhomba neBZ pamusoro pemahekita 1,2. Paivawo ne "jenereta" yakazadzwa ne5-6 kg yeBZ. Sarudzo dzekutapukirwa nezvidimbu, mabara, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafungwawo.

BZ inoshanda muchimiro cheaerosol payakaungana inosvika 110 mg* min/l - uye zvinonetsa kuuraya nechinhu ichi; zvakaonekwa kuti boka rengozi rinosanganisira vakuru, vana uye vanhu vane zvirwere zvekufema.

Kutanga kunowanzoitika: vana vakapararira, muromo wakaoma, kuwedzera kwemwoyo. Mushure me30-60 maminetsi, chiitiko chikuru chemutambo chinotanga: kupera simba kwekutarisa uye ndangariro, kuderera kwekuita kune ekunze kukurudzira, kutaurwa kwekuora mwoyo uye kusagadzikana munharaunda. Mushure memaawa 1-4, tachycardia yakaoma, kuvhiringidzika, uye kurasikirwa kwekubatana nenyika yekunze zvinoonekwa. Kufungidzira kwakasimba zvekuti munhu ane rombo haakwanise kunzwisisa zviri kuitika uye zvaanofungidzira. Izvi zvinonakidza zvikuru, %username%. Uchada kuseka, nhamo.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, hukasha negativism inokura: munhu anoita zvinopesana nezvaanokurudzirwa. Uye kazhinji - nekuputika kwehasha. Kupenga uku kunotora kusvika kumazuva 4-5, kusagadzikana kwekusarira - kusvika kumavhiki 2-3. Kurasika kwechikamu kana kuzere kwendangariro kunogoneka.

Iyo nzira yekuita kweBZ haina kuoma kupfuura iyo yeLSD. BZ inopikisa muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, kureva kuti, muchidimbu ndeye anticholinergic inovhiringidza kutapurirana kwetsinga nekubatanidzwa kweacetylcholine - hongu, % username%, seVX, asi pane nuances. Iyo nuance ndiyo yakakwira reshiyo yehupfu kusvika kune inoshanda dose: yeBZ iyi reshiyo inosvika makumi mana (kubva pa40 kusvika 32 nguva), ndiko kuti, kutaura zvazviri, mhedzisiro yeBZ yakanyanya, diki chepfu. Muchidimbu, dhiyabhorosi pachake achavhuna gumbo rake, asi Datura, diphenhydramine uye taren (aprofen) ihama mukugadzirisa kwekuita neBZ. Zvakanaka, pamwe kwete hama, asi zvechokwadi vakoma.

Pane kutaurwa kwechinhu chiri kushandiswa panguva yeHondo yeVietnam, asi mhedzisiro yacho inongonzi "inogutsa."

Zvinotendwa kuti Paul Robeson akaiswa muchetura neBZ muna 1961, izvo zvakakonzera bout of hallucinations uye kuora mwoyo kwakanyanya.

Muna Kukadzi 1998, Ministry of Defense yeUK yakapomera Iraq mhosva yekuchengeta huwandu hukuru hweiyo glycolate anticholinergic "Agent 15". Agent 15 yaifungidzirwa kuva kemikari yakafanana kana kuti ine hukama hwepedyo neBZ, uye yakachengetwa yakawanda pamberi uye munguva yeGulf War. Nekudaro, mushure mehondo, iyo CIA yakagumisa kuti Iraq yakanga isina kuunganidza kana kumisa Agent 15.

Muna Ndira 2013, mukuru wehurumende yeUS asingazivikanwi, achitaura nezvetambo yeDhipatimendi reHurumende yeUnited States isina kuziviswa, akati "vaSyria vanobatana vanopa humbowo hunogutsa hwekuti Agent 15, kemikari inonzi hallucinogenic yakafanana neBZ, yakashandiswa muHoms." Zvisinei, vachipindura mishumo iyi, mutauriri weNational Security Council yeUnited States akati: “Mishumo yataona kubva munhau pamusoro pezviitiko zvinonzi nezvombo zvemakemikari muSyria hazvienderane nezvatinotenda kuti ichokwadi maererano nechirongwa chezvombo zvemakemikari zveSyria. " Kemikari iyi inonzi zvakare yakashandiswa mukurwiswa kweGhouta muna Nyamavhuvhu 2013.

Musi waKubvumbi 14, 2018, Gurukota rezvekunze reRussia, Sergei Lavrov, akazivisa kuti nyanzvi kubva kuSwiss centre yekuongorora radiological uye kemikari-radiological muguta reSpiez, vakaongorora samples kubva kuSangano reKurambidzwa kweChemical Weapons kubva panzvimbo yechepfu. Sergei naYulia Skripal muSalisbury, vakawana maratidziro eBZ. Musi waApril 18, pamusangano we OPCW executive council, mutungamiri wayo mukuru, Ahmet Üzümcü, akatsanangura kuti BZ precursor yakashandiswa semuenzaniso wekutonga kutarisa hutano hwema laboratori uye yakanga isina chokuita nemasampuli kubva kuSalisbury.

Sezvavanonyora, muna 1988-1990, nzvimbo dzose dzeBZ muUnited States dzakabviswa pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Iye zvino iyo chete yekugadzirwa kwemutyairi wepasi, iri muguta reEdgewood (USA), inobvumira kugadzirwa kwematani makumi maviri / gore, nepo kunze kweU. haina kugadziriswa nenzira iyi nguva yese inobudirira kugadzirwa kweinotangira - 20-quinuclidol. Zvakanaka, ndizvo zvavanotaura, handizivi. Asi ini ndoziva kuti kwave nekuedza kutsiva - iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye dithran.
Ditran chaizvoizvo musanganiswa wekuumbwa uku

Pachiyero che5-15 mg, musanganiswa uyu unofungidzirwa kuti unokonzera zviratidzo zvakafanana neBZ, zvichikura mukati meawa.

Parizvino, zvinodhaka zve psychotropic hazvisi pamutemo kushanda nenyika dzepasirese. Asi ndaona zvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda munyika dzakavakidzana uye kwete zvakanyanya, ndinokahadzika kuti ndizvo zvazviri. Mauto anogona kunge asina, asi masevhisi ehungwaru ari kushanda zvakajeka.

Eya, ndiwo maitikiro akaita nyaya yacho.

Ngatione kana uchiifarira, %username%. Pachave pasina kuvhota panguva ino - zvese zvicharatidzwa nekuyerwa kwechinyorwa.

Nehurombo, neMugovera ndichatanga imwe nguva yerwendo rurefu uye rwusiri rwakareba rwebhizinesi - uye nekudaro pachave nenguva shoma yekusika - ndichaenda pane imwe sabata. Uye sezvo paine nguva shoma, uye ikozvino pane imwe chete kana yakaderera nyaya yakaumbwa mumusoro mangu nezveyero phosphorus uye tsaona iri pedyo neLvov yakabatana nayo, zvino kana zvikaitika kuti ndichiri kufarira, ini ndichagovera iyi nyaya. newe.

Zvakanaka, kana zvisiri, zvakanaka, ndakaedza.

Rombo rakanaka uye usanetseka! Kwete mumuviri kana mupfungwa...

Source: www.habr.com