Pamusoro pedoro kuburikidza nemaziso emakemikari. Chikamu 1

Mhoro %username%.

Sezvandakavimbisa kare, ndakanga ndisipo zvishoma nokuda kwerwendo rwangu rwebhizimisi. Kwete, hazvisati zvapera, asi zvakakurudzira dzimwe pfungwa dzandafunga kugoverana newe.

Tichataura nezvedoro.

Iye zvino handisi kuzopikisa kune mamwe marudzi, kukakavara kuti kuravira kupi uye ruvara mumuviri zvinoshanduka zvishoma kubva panguva yekushandiswa kusvika panguva ... zvakanaka, iwe unonzwisisa - ndinongoda kutaura pamusoro pekuti ndinoona sei maitiro ekugadzirwa, misiyano uye pesvedzero yedoro pamuviri wedu kubva pamakemikari maonero.

Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti doro inwiwa yevanhuwo zvavo - uye vakarasika kwazvo; vazhinji vanotenda kuti doro rinokuvadza - uye ivo vari kukanganisa, zvakadaro, sevaya vanotenda kuti doro harikuvadze. Uye isu tichanzwisisa izvi zvakare

Uye kusiyana nezvinyorwa zvakapfuura, ini ndichaedza kubvisa kureba kwenguva refu, asi kugovera nyaya iyi mune akati wandei. Uye kana pane imwe nhanho pasina kufarira, saka ini ndinongomira kushungurudza uropi hwemurombo muverengi.

Handeyi.

Background

Nhoroondo yedoro munyika inodzokera kumashure zviuru zvemakore. Kutanga kutaurwa nezvayo kunodzokera kumashure ekutanga Neolithic nguva. Kare makore 6000 XNUMX apfuura, vanhu vakashandisa matekinoroji akaita kuti zvikwanise kushandura chingwa kuita chinwiwa chinonaka - uye kazhinji zvinotendwa kuti doro ndicho chinwiwa chekare chekare munyika.

Nhoroondo yemabviro edoro yakatanga nguva yedu isati yasvika, uye miitiro yevagadziri ndeyevaSumerians. Manyoro avo ecuneiform, akawanikwa naE. Huber muMesopotamia, aiva nemabikirwo anenge 15 echinwiwa ichi. Vagari vokuMesopotamia vaishandisa zviperengo (spelt) kugadzira doro. Yakakuyiwa nebhari, izere nemvura, miriwo yakawedzerwa uye yakasiiwa kuti ivirise. Chinwiwa chakagadzirwa kubva kune yakabuda wort. Ndapota cherechedzai: doro regorosi rakagadzirwa, asi hapana akanga asati ataura chero chinhu pamusoro pehops, kureva kuti, gruit kana doro remishonga rakabikwa. Uyezve, mumera wacho hauna kumera.

Chiitiko chakatevera munhoroondo yedoro chakanga chiri budiriro yeBhabhironi. VaBhabhironi ndivo vakafunga nzira yokuvandudza nayo chinwiwa chacho. Vakatumbura zviyo ndokuzoomesa kuti zvibudise mumera. Doro raigadzirwa nezviyo nemumera raichengetwa kwerisingapfuuri zuva. Kuita kuti chinwiwa chiwedzere kunhuhwirira, zvinonhuwira, makwati emuouki, mashizha emuti, uchi hwakawedzerwa kwairi - zvekuwedzera zvekudya zvakange zvatogadzirwa ipapo, hongu, pamberi peReinheitsgebot kana, sezvazvinonzwisisika, mutemo weGerman pamusoro pekuchena kwedoro. akanga achiri nemakore anenge 5000!

Zvishoma nezvishoma, doro rakapararira kuEgipita Yekare, Persia, India, uye Caucasus. Asi muGreece yekare yakanga isingafarirwi, nokuti yaionekwa sechinwiwa chevarombo. Ndipo pakatanga kusarurana kwese uku.

Nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwedoro yakagadzirwa nekutanga kweMiddle Ages. Iyi nguva inonzi nguva yekuzvarwa kwechipiri kwedoro. Zvinotendwa kuti zvakaitika muGermany. Zita rechiGerman rokuti Bier rinobva kune Old Germanic Peor kana Bror. Kunyangwe iyo Chirungu Ale (ale) ichinzi etymologically inodzokera kumudzi weProto-Indo-European, pamwe nechirevo che "kudhakwa". Mabviro eIndo-European emudzi anoratidzwa zvinogutsa mukuenzanisa neazvino Danish uye Norwegian øl, pamwe neIcelandic öl (Boka reGerman remitauro, iyo Old English yaive) uye Lithuanian neLatvian alus - doro (Baltic boka reIndo. -Mhuri yeEuropean), Northern Russian ol (kureva chinwiwa chinodhaka), pamwe chete neEstonian õlu uye Finnish olut. Muchidimbu, hapana anoziva kuti mazwi akaitika sei, nekuti mumwe munhu akapokana muBabironi Yekare - zvakanaka, munhu wese zvino anodana doro zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, vanoibika zvakasiyana.

Yakanga iri muMiddle Ages iyo hop yakatanga kuwedzerwa kune chinwiwa. Nekuuya kwaro, kunakirwa kwedoro kwakavandudzika, uye upenyu hwaro hwesherufu hwakarebesa. Rangarira, %username%: hops ainyanya kuchengetedza doro. Zvino chinwiwa chacho chaigona kutakurwa, uye chakava chinhu chokutengeserana. Mazana emabikirwo nemhando dzakasiyana dzedoro akaonekwa. Mamwe masayendisiti kubva kune mamwe matunhu anotenda kuti maSlav ndivo vakatanga kurima hop, nekuti kubika doro kwakapararira muRussia yatova muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe.

Nenzira, muMiddle Ages, maales akareruka aidyiwa zvakanyanya muEurope pane mvura. Kunyangwe vana vaigona kutenga doro - uye hongu, raive rakananga doro, uye kwete kvass, sezvinofunga vamwe. Havana kunwa nekuti vatema vaida kuzvinwa kusvika vafa, asi nekuti nekuravira mvura iyi vaigona kurapa zvirwere zvakawanda zvaizivikanwa asi zvisingazivikanwe. Nemwero wemushonga waive pa level ye plantain na nyamukuta, zvaive zvanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, iro rinonzi doro repatafura (“diki ale”) rakanga richivaka muviri uye raifamba zvakanaka patafura yemanheru muhuwandu hwakawanda, sezvo raive nedoro rinenge 1%. Mubvunzo une musoro ndewekuti "chii chakauraya hutachiona hwese?" Tichafunga nezvazvo zvakare.

Zana ramakore rechi 1876 rakaratidzirwa neimwe nhambo munhau yedoro. Louis Pasteur akatanga kuwana hukama pakati pekuvirisa uye mbiriso maseru. Akaburitsa mhedzisiro yeongororo muna 5, uye makore mashanu gare gare, muna 1881, musayendisiti weDanish Emil Christian Hansen akawana tsika yakachena yembiriso yemubiki, iyo yakava simba rekubika doro mumaindasitiri.

Kana tichitaura nezvenhoroondo yedoro risiri doro, kukurudzira kwekuonekwa kwayo kwaiva Volstead Act ye1919, iyo yakaratidza kutanga kweProhibition era muUnited States: kugadzirwa, kutakura uye kutengeswa kwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvakasimba kudarika 0,5% chaizvoizvo akanga arambidzwa. Saka haisati iri "small ale" zvakare. Makambani ese ekubika doro aiita mukugadzirwa kwezvinwiwa zvisiri zvinodhaka zvichibva pamumera, zvisinei, maererano nemutemo, chinwiwa chaifanira kunzi "cereal drink", icho vanhu vakabva vatumidza zita rekuti "rubber mukadzi" uye "pedyo. doro”. Muchokwadi, kuti uchinje kubva kune yakajairwa, yakarambidzwa, kuenda kune nyowani "doro", zvaive zvakakwana kuti uwedzere imwe chete nhanho yekuwedzera kune yekugadzira maitiro (uye isu tichanyatsozvirangarira), izvo zvisina kuwedzera zvakanyanya. mutengo wechigadzirwa chekupedzisira uye kubvumidzwa kukurumidza kudzoka mukugadzirwa kwechinwiwa chechinyakare: "Ini ndinofunga ino ichava nguva ine mbiri yedoro," akadaro Mutungamiri weUS, Franklin Roosevelt, achisaina Cullen-Harrison Act munaKurume 22. 1933, iyo yakabvumira doro muzvinwiwa kuti risimudzwe kusvika 4%. Chiitiko ichi chakatanga kushanda muna Kubvumbi 7, uye saka kubva ipapo zuva iri rave Zuva reNyika Doro muUSA! Vanotaura kuti kare musi waApril 6, vanhu vekuAmerica vakanga vakamira mumabhawa, uye apo yaidiwa pakati peusiku yakarova, ipapo ... States. Wanga uine girazi redoro musi wa7 Kubvumbi, %username%?


Nenzira, kana iwe uchida, mune chimwe chezvikamu zvinotevera ini ndichakuudza pamusoro pemutemo wakatonyanya kurambidza - uye iyi haisi kunyange USSR, asi Iceland.

Parizvino, doro harina kubikwa kunze kweAntarctica - kunyangwe izvi zvisina chokwadi. Kune akawanda ezvikamu uye mazana ezvitaera - uye kana uchifarira, unogona kuverenga tsananguro yavo pano. Doro riri kure nekuve nyore sezvazvinotendwa; mutengo webhodhoro dzimwe nguva unogona kudarika mutengo wekesi yewaini - uye handisi kutaura nezve Chateau de la Paquette waini.

Naizvozvo, %username%, kana iwe wavhura bhodhoro redoro uchiverenga, zadzwa neruremekedzo uye ramba uchiverenga.

Zvishandiso

Tisati tatarisa kuti doro rinosanganisirei, ngatirangarirei muchidimbu tekinoroji yekugadzira ichi chinwiwa.

Doro - sezvinhu zvakawanda munyika ino - chigadzirwa chekupisa kusingakwane. Muchokwadi, kuvirisa - maitiro atinoravira nawo mafaro aya, pamwe neyako, %username%, kugona kuverenga mitsara iyi - chigadzirwa chekupisa kusina kukwana kweshuga, chete kana iri doro, shuga inopiswa kwete mukati. uropi hwako, asi mune mbiriso metabolic cheni.
Sezvinoita chero kupisa, zvigadzirwa icarbon dioxide nemvura - asi rangarira ndati "hazvina kukwana"? Uye zvechokwadi: mukugadzirwa kwedoro, mbiriso haibvumirwi kudya zvakanyanya (kunyange izvi zvisiri izvo zvakakwana, asi zvakanaka kuti unzwisise mufananidzo) - uye naizvozvo, kuwedzera kune carbon dioxide, doro rinoumbwawo.

Sezvo chikafu chisiri shuga yakachena, asi musanganiswa wezvakasiyana-siyana, chigadzirwa hachisi chete carbon dioxide, mvura uye doro - asi bouquet yose, ndicho chikonzero madoro aya aripo. Ikozvino ini ndichataura nezve zvimwe zvakakosha zvinongedzo, uye zvakare debunk dzimwe ngano pamusoro pedoro munzira.

Mvura.

Ndichirangarira kuti ini, shure kwezvose, chemist, ndichashandura mutauro wemakemikari unofinha.

Doro mhinduro ine mvura yezvimedu zvemumera zvisina kuchinja panguva yekuvirisa uye mushure mekuviriswa kwedoro, ethyl doro uye zvinonhuhwirira, zvingave zvechipiri metabolites yembiriso kana kubva kuhops. Kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvekuwedzera zvinosanganisira macarbohydrates asina kuviriswa (α- uye β-glucans), phenolic zvinhu (anthocyanogens, oligo- uye polyphenols), melanoidins uye caramels. Izvo zvirimo mudoro, zvichienderana nehupamhi hwehupamhi hwezvinhu zvakaoma mukutanga wort, wort kuumbwa, tekinoroji yekuvirisa modhi uye mbiriso strain maitiro, kubva pa2,0 kusvika 8,5 g/100 g yedoro. Iwo maratidziro akafanana anosanganisirwa nezviri mudoro, chikamu chikuru chayo mudoro chinogona kubva 0,05 kusvika 8,6%, uye zvinonhuhwira (yakakwira doro, ethers, aldehydes, nezvimwewo), iyo synthesis inoenderana nekuumbwa. we wort uye, kunyanya pakuvirisa modes uye chimiro chembiriso. Semutemo, kudoro rakaviriswa nembiriso yepasi, kuwanda kwezvinhu zvechipiri zveyeast metabolism hakupfuuri 200 mg/l, nepo padoro repamusoro-soro chiyero chavo chinodarika 300 mg/l. Chimwe chikamu chidiki mudoro chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvinovava kubva kuhops, huwandu hwayo mudoro hahupfuuri 45 mg/l.

Zvese izvi zvinofinha, nhamba dzinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, asi iwe unowana iyo pfungwa: zvese izvi zvishoma zvichienzaniswa nezviri mumvura mudoro. Zvakafanana newe, %username%, doro rinenge 95% mvura. Hazvishamisi kuti kunaka kwemvura kune kukanganisa kwakananga padoro. Uye nenzira, ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei mhando imwechete yedoro, inogadzirwa nemafekitari akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana, inogona kuravira zvakasiyana. Yakananga uye zvichida muenzaniso wakakurumbira ndeyePilsner Urquell, iyo yavakamboedza kubika muKaluga, asi haina kushanda. Ikozvino doro iri rinogadzirwa chete muCzech Republic nekuda kwemvura yaro yakapfava.

Hapana doro rinobika doro risina kutanga raedza mvura inenge ichishanda nayo - kunaka kwemvura kwakakosha kune chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. Vatambi vakuru munyaya iyi vakafanana cations uye anions aunoona pabhodhoro chero soda - chete mazinga anodzorwa kwete muhuwandu hwe "50-5000" mg / l, asi zvakanyanya kunyanya.

Ngationei kuti kuumbwa kwemvura kunobata sei?

Zvakanaka, kutanga kwezvose, mvura inofanira kuenderana neSanitary Regulations uye Regulations, uye naizvozvo isu pakarepo tinorasa simbi inorema uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu - iyi crap haifaniri kunge iri mumvura zvachose. Zvirambidzo zvikuru zvemvura inoshandiswa zvakananga mukugadzirwa kwedoro (panguva yekugadzira) zvine chekuita nezviratidzo zvakaita sepH kukosha, kuoma, chiyero pakati pehuwandu hwe calcium uye magnesium ion, iyo isingadzorerwe zvachose mumvura yekunwa. Mvura yekubikisa inofanira kunge iine ayoni mashoma esimbi, silicon, mhangura, nitrate, chlorides, uye sulfates. Nitrites, izvo zvine chepfu yakasimba yembiriso, hazvibvumirwi mumvura. Mvura inofanira kuva nekaviri zvishoma zvicherwa zvinoumba (yakaoma residu) uye 2,5 nguva shoma COD (makemikari okisijeni kudiwa - oxidability). Paunenge uchiongorora kukodzera kwemvura yekubika, chiratidzo chakadai sealkalinity chakaunzwa, icho chisingabatanidzwe mumiyero yemvura yekunwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinodiwa zvinoshanda kumvura inoshandiswa kugadzirisa chikamu chikuru chezvakaoma uye doro mukubika kwepamusoro-giravhiti. Mvura iyi inofanira, kutanga, kuve yakachena, uye chechipiri, yakapera simba (kureva kuti, inenge isina okisijeni inonyungudika mumvura) uye ine maion e calcium nemabicarbonates mashoma kana zvichienzaniswa nemvura inokurudzirwa kubikwa zvachose. Chii chinonzi high gravity kubika?Kana iwe usingazive, tekinoroji yekubikira kwepamusoro-density ndeyekuti, kuti uwedzere kugadzirwa kwebikira, wort inobikwa nechikamu chezvimedu zvezvakaoma izvo zviri 4 ... 6% yakakwirira kupfuura chikamu chikuru. zvezvinhu zvakaoma mudoro rakapedzwa. Tevere, wort iyi yakanyungudutswa nemvura kune inodiwa yakawanda chikamu chezvakaoma zvinhu, kungave kusati kwaviriswa, kana doro rakapedzwa (hongu, doro rinoderedzwa - asi iri kufekitori chete, uye ini ndichataura nezvazvo gare gare). Panguva imwecheteyo, kuti uwane doro risina kusiyana nekuravira kubva kudoro rinowanikwa uchishandisa classical tekinoroji, hazvikurudzirwe kuwedzera kubviswa kweiyo yekutanga wort neinopfuura 15%.

Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuchengetedza iyo chaiyo pH mumvura - handisi kutaura iko zvino nezve kuravira kwedoro rakapedzwa, asi nezve maitiro ekuvirisa wort (nenzira, sezvazvakawanikwa, izvi hazvikanganisi. kuravira - iwe haungangonzwa mutsauko wakajeka zvakadaro). Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kuita kwema enzymes ayo mbiriso inoshandisa kudya inoenderana nepH. Iyo yakanyanya kukosha ndeye 5,2..5,4, asi dzimwe nguva kukosha uku kunotamiswa kumusoro kuti kuwedzere kuvava. Iyo pH kukosha inokanganisa kusimba kwemasabolism mumasero embiriso, ayo anoratidzwa mune coefficient ye biomass kukura, sero kukura kwesero uye synthesis yechipiri metabolites. Nokudaro, munzvimbo ine acidic, kunyanya ethyl doro inoumbwa, asi munzvimbo ine alkaline, synthesis ye glycerol uye acetic acid inowedzerwa. Acetic acid inokanganisa maitiro ekuberekesa mbiriso, uye nekudaro inofanirwa kuderedzwa nekugadzirisa pH panguva yekuvirisa. Kune "zvikafu" zvakasiyana panogona kunge paine akasiyana optimal pH values: semuenzaniso, 4,6 inodiwa kune metabolism ye sucrose, uye 4,8 yemaltose. pH ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukuumbwa kweesters, izvo zvatichataura nezvazvo gare gare uye izvo zvinogadzira izvo zvinonhuhwirira mudoro.

Kugadzirisa pH inogara iri chiyero checarbonates uye bicarbonates mumhinduro; ivo ndivo vanosarudza kukosha uku. Asi kunyange pano, hazvisi zvinhu zvose zviri nyore, nokuti kuwedzera kune anions kunewo cations.

Mukubika, mamineral cations anoumba mvura anokamurwa kuita makemikari anoshanda uye asingashande makemikari. Yese munyu wecalcium uye magnesium ikemikari inoshanda cations: nekudaro, kuvapo kwecalcium uye magnesium (uye nenzira sodium uye potasium) pakatarisana nechepamusoro peiyo carbonates inowedzera pH, nepo calcium uye magnesium (pano patova sodium uye potassium mumhepo) - asi mukubatana ne sulfates uye chlorides, vanodzikisa pH. Nekutamba nekudzika kwema cations uye anions, unogona kuwana iyo yakakwana acidity yepakati. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanogadzira doro vanoda calcium kupfuura magnesium: chekutanga, chiitiko cheyeast flocculation chinosanganiswa neiyo calcium ion, uye chechipiri, kana kuomarara kwechinguva kuchibviswa nekubikira (zvakaita semu kettle), calcium carbonate inonaya uye inogona kuva. kubvisa, ukuwo magnesium carbonate inonaya zvishoma nezvishoma uye, kana mvura yatonhora, inonyungudika zvishoma zvakare.

Asi kutaura zvazviri, calcium uye magnesium zvinhu zvidiki. Kuti ndisazoremedza chinyorwa, ini ndichangounza pamwe chete zvimwe zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kweion mumvura pane zvakasiyana siyana zvekugadzira doro uye kunaka.

Mhedzisiro pakubikwa kwedoro

• Calcium ions - Gadzirisa alpha-amylase uye kuwedzera basa rayo, zvichiita kuti goho riwedzere. Vanowedzera basa reproteolytic enzymes, nekuda kweizvi zvinyorwa zvehuwandu uye α-amine nitrogen mu wort inowedzera.
• Chiyero chekudzikisa mu wort pH panguva yekupisa, kufashaidza wort ne hops uye kuvirisa kunotemwa. Yeast flocculation yakatemwa. Iyo yakakwana yeion concentration ndeye 45-55 mg / l yewort.
• Magnesium ions - Chikamu che enzymes ye glycolysis, i.e. zvinodiwa pakuvirisa uye kuparadzira mbiriso.
• Potassium ions - Inokurudzira kubereka kwembiriso, inhengo ye enzyme systems uye ribosomes.
• Iron ions - Negative maitiro pane mashing maitiro. Kuisa pfungwa huru kudarika 0,2 mg/l kunogona kukonzera kuora kwembiriso.
• Manganese ions - Inosanganisirwa se cofactor mune mbiriso enzymes. Zviri mukati hazvifanirwe kudarika 0,2 mg/l.
• Ammonium ions - Inogona kunge iripo chete mumvura ine tsvina. Hazvibvumirwi zvachose.
• Ioni dzemhangura - Pamitsetse yakakura kupfuura 10 mg/l - inotyisa kune mbiriso. Inogona kunge iri mutagenic factor yembiriso.
• Zinc ions - Pamusangano we 0,1 - 0,2 mg / l, inokurudzira kupararira kwembiriso. Pakukwirira kwakakwirira vanodzivisa α-amylase basa.
• Chlorides - Inoderedza mbiriso flocculation. Pakusanganiswa kweanopfuura 500 mg / l, iyo yekuvirisa inononoka.
• Hydrocarbonates - Pakukwirisa kwakanyanya vanotungamira mukuwedzera kwepH, uye nekudaro kudzikira kwekuita kweamylolytic uye proteolytic enzymes, kudzikisa goho rekubvisa. uye kubatsira kuwedzera ruvara rwewort. Iko kuiswa hakufaniri kudarika 20 mg / l.
• Nitrates - Inowanikwa mumarara pahuwandu hunodarika 10 mg/l. Muhupo hwehutachiona hwemhuri yeEnterbacteriaceae, ion ine chepfu nitrite inoumbwa.
• Silicates - Deredza kuvirisa basa pane zvakakomba zvinopfuura 10 mg/l. Silicates kazhinji inobva kumera, asi dzimwe nguva, kunyanya muchirimo, mvura inogona kuva chikonzero chekuwedzera kwavo mudoro.
• Fluorides - Kusvika ku10 mg/l haina mhedzisiro.

Kufurira pakuravira kwedoro

• Calcium ions - Deredza kubviswa kwematannins, izvo zvinopa doro kuvava kwakakasharara uye kuravira kweastringent. Inoderedza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinovava kubva kuhops.
• Magnesium ions - Ipa kuvira kunovava kudoro, iyo inonzwika pakusangana kunodarika 15 mg/l.
• Sodium ions - Pamitsetse yakakura kupfuura 150 mg/l, inokonzera munyu kuravira. Pazvikamu zve 75 ... 150 mg / l - vanoderedza kuzara kwekunaka.
• Sulfates - Ipa doro astringency uye kuvava, zvichikonzera mushure. Pakusanganiswa kweanopfuura 400 mg / l, vanopa doro "kuravira kwakaoma" (hesi, Guiness Draft!). Inogona kutangira kuumbwa kwesarufa inonaka uye kunhuhwirira kwakabatana nebasa rekutapukira tupukanana uye mbiriso.
• Silicates - Kukanganisa kuravira zvisina kunanga.
• Nitrates - Inokanganisa maitiro ekuvirisa pahuwandu hunodarika 25 mg / l. Kugona kuumbwa kwechepfu nitrosamines.
• Chlorides - Ipa doro rakanyanyisa uye rinotapira (hongu, hongu, asi kana pasina sodium). Ne ion concentration inosvika 300 mg/l, vanowedzera kuzara kwekunaka kwedoro uye vanopa mavise kuravira nekunhuhwirira.
• Iron ions - Kana zviri mudoro zvinopfuura 0,5 mg/l, zvinowedzera ruvara rwedoro uye furo rebrown rinoonekwa. Inopa doro kuravira kwesimbi.
• Manganese ions - Zvakafanana nemhedzisiro yeioni yesimbi, asi yakasimba kwazvo.
• Copper ions - Inokanganisa kugadzikana kwekunaka. Inopfavisa kunakirwa nesarufa kwedoro.

Mhedzisiro pane colloidal kugadzikana (turbidity)

• Calcium ions - Precipitate oxalates, nokudaro kuderedza mukana we oxalate clouding mudoro. Vanowedzera protein coagulation kana vachifashaidza wort nehops. Ivo vanoderedza kubviswa kwesilicon, iyo ine mhedzisiro inobatsira pane colloidal kugadzikana kwedoro.
• Silicates - Kuderedza kugadzikana kwedoro nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari asingasviki ane calcium uye magnesium ions.
• Iron ions - Kurumidza oxidative maitiro uye kukonzera colloidal turbidity.
• Copper ions - Inokanganisa kugadzikana kwedoro, ichiita sechinhu chinokonzeresa oxidation ye polyphenols.
• Chlorides - Kuvandudza colloidal kugadzikana.

Zvakanaka, zvakamira sei? Muchokwadi, zvitaera zvakasiyana zvedoro zvakaumbwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi nekuda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mvura dzakasiyana. Vagadziri vedoro mune imwe nzvimbo vaigadzira doro rinobudirira rine mumera wakasimba uye kunhuhwirira, nepo vabiki vedoro mune imwe vakanga vachigadzira mabhodhoro makuru ane chimiro chehop chinooneka—zvose nemhaka yokuti matunhu akasiyana akanga ane mvura yakasiyana yaiita kuti doro rive nani pane rimwe. Iye zvino, semuenzaniso, kuumbwa kwemvura yedoro kunoonekwa sekwakanaka mune iyi fomu:

Zvisinei, zviri pachena kuti pane nguva dzose kukanganisa - uye kutsauka uku kunowanzoona kuti "Baltika 3" kubva kuSt. Petersburg haisi "Baltika 3" kubva kuZaporozhye zvachose.

Zvine musoro kuti chero mvura inoshandiswa pakugadzira doro inopfuura nematanho akati wandei ekugadzirira, kusanganisira kuongororwa, kusefa uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kugadzirisa kwechimiro. Kazhinji kazhinji, bhiza rinoita nzira yekugadzirira mvura: mvura inowanikwa mune imwe nzira kana imwe nzira inobvisa kubviswa kweklorini, kuchinja mukugadzirwa kwemaminerari uye kugadziriswa kwekuoma uye alkalinity. Iwe haufanirwe kunetseka nezvese izvi, asi ipapo - uye chete kana iwe uine rombo rakanaka nekuumbwa kwemazita emvura - iyo brewery inokwanisa chete kubika akati wandei emhando. Naizvozvo, kuongorora uye kugadzirira kwemvura kunogaroitwa.

Unyanzvi hwemazuva ano, huine mari yakakwana, hunoita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana mvura ine chero maitiro aunoda. Nheyo yacho inogona kunge iri mvura yemupombi yemuguta kana mvura inotorwa zvakananga kubva kune artesian sosi. Kune zvakare zviitiko zvekunze: imwe yekuSwedish doro, semuenzaniso, doro rakabikwa kubva mutsvina yakacheneswa, uye mhizha dzekuChile dzinogadzira doro vachishandisa mvura inounganidzwa kubva mumhute mugwenga. Asi zviri pachena kuti mukugadzirwa kwakawanda, nzira inodhura yekurapa mvura inokanganisa mutengo wekupedzisira - uye pamwe ndosaka iyo yatotaurwa Pilsner Urquell isingabudiswe kumwe kunze kwepamba muCzech Republic.

Ndinofunga kuti zvakakwana nokuda kwechikamu chekutanga. Kana nyaya yangu ikava inonakidza, muchikamu chinotevera tichataura pamusoro pezvimwe zviviri zvinosungirwa zvedoro, uye pamwe imwe yesarudzo, tichakurukura kuti sei doro richinhuhwirira zvakasiyana, kana paine "chiedza" uye "rima", uye batawo pamabhii asinganzwisisike OG, FG, IBU, ABV, EBC. Zvichida pachava nechimwe chinhu, kana kuti chimwe chinhu hachizoitike, asi chichaonekwa muchikamu chechitatu, umo ini ndinoronga kupfupikisa kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji, ndozobata nengano nenhema pamusoro pedoro, kusanganisira kuti " diluted" uye "kusimbiswa", isu tichataura zvakare nezve kana iwe uchigona kunwa doro rakapera.

Kana kuti pamwe pachava nechikamu chechina ... Sarudzo ndeyako, %username%!

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