takataura nezve mabhazi nemaprotocol anoshanda sei mumaindasitiri otomatiki. Panguva ino tichatarisa pane zvemazuva ano zvigadziriso zvekushanda: isu tichatarisa kuti ndeapi maprotocol anoshandiswa mumasystem pasi rese. Ngatitarisei matekinoroji emakambani eGerman Beckhoff uye Nokia, iyo Austrian B&R, iyo American Rockwell Automation uye yeRussia Fastwel. Tichadzidzawo zvigadziriso zvepasi rose zvisina kusungirirwa kune mumwe mugadziri, zvakadai seEtherCAT uye CAN.
Pakupera kwechinyorwa pachava netafura yekufananidza nemaitiro eEtherCAT, POWERLINK, PROFINET, EtherNet / IP uye ModbusTCP protocol.
Isu hatina kusanganisira PRP, HSR, OPC UA uye mamwe mapuroteni mukuongorora, nekuti Patova nezvinyorwa zvakanakisa pazviri paHabrΓ© nevamwe vedu mainjiniya vari kugadzira maindasitiri otomatiki masisitimu. Semuyenzaniso, ΠΈ .
Chekutanga, ngatitsanangurirei izwi rekuti: Industrial Ethernet = industrial network, Fieldbus = field bus. MuRussia maindasitiri otomatiki, pane kuvhiringidzika maererano nebhazi remumunda uye yepasi-chikamu maindasitiri network. Kazhinji aya mazwi anosanganiswa kuita imwe chete, isina kujeka pfungwa inonzi "yepamusoro nhanho", iyo inodaidzwa seese ari maviri bhazi uye sublevel bhazi, kunyangwe ringave risiri bhazi zvachose.
Nei zvakadaroKuvhiringidzika uku kunonyanya kuitika nekuda kwekuti muvatongi vakawanda vemazuva ano, kubatana kweI / O modules kunowanzoitwa uchishandisa backplane kana bhazi remuviri. Ndokunge, mamwe mabhazi anobatika uye majoini anoshandiswa kusanganisa akati wandei mamodule kuita imwechete unit. Asi node dzakadaro, zvakare, dzinogona kubatanidzwa nezvose zviri zviviri maindasitiri network uye bhazi remumunda. Muchirevo cheWestern terminology kune kupatsanurwa kwakajeka: network network network, bhazi ibhazi. Yekutanga inosarudzwa neshoko rekuti Industrial Ethernet, yechipiri neFielbus. Chinyorwa chinopa zano rekushandisa izwi rekuti "industrial network" uye izwi rekuti "mumunda bhazi" kune aya pfungwa, zvichiteerana.
Industrial network standard EtherCAT, yakagadzirwa naBeckhoff
Iyo EtherCAT protocol uye maindasitiri network ingangove imwe yenzira dzinokurumidza dzekutapurirana data mune otomatiki masisitimu nhasi. Iyo EtherCAT network inoshandiswa zvinobudirira mukugoverwa otomatiki masisitimu, uko kupindirana node kunoparadzaniswa kure kure.
Iyo EtherCAT protocol inoshandisa mureza Ethernet mafuremu kuendesa teregiramu yayo, saka inoramba ichienderana neyakajairwa Ethernet michina uye, kutaura zvazviri, kugamuchira data uye kutapurirana kunogona kurongeka pane chero Ethernet controller, chero software yakakodzera iripo.
Beckhoff controller ine seti yeI/O modules. Kwakabva:
Iyo protocol yakatarwa yakazaruka uye inowanikwa, asi mukati megadziriro yesangano rekusimudzira - EtherCAT Technology Group.
Heano mashandiro anoita EtherCAT (chiratidziro chinokatyamadza, semutambo Zuma Inca):
Iyo yakakwirira yekutsinhana kumhanya muprotocol iyi - uye isu tinogona kutaura nezve mayuniti emicroseconds - inoonekwa nekuda kwekuti vagadziri vakaramba kuchinjanisa vachishandisa materegiramu anotumirwa zvakananga kune chaiyo mudziyo. Pane kudaro, imwe teregiramu inotumirwa kune EtherCAT network, inotaurirwa kune zvese zvishandiso panguva imwe chete, imwe neimwe yenhapwa nodes yekuunganidza uye kutumira ruzivo (ivo vanowanzonzi OSO - chinhu kutaurirana mudziyo) inotora kubva pairi "pane nhunzi" iyo data yakange yakarongerwa iyo uye inoisa muteregiramu iyo data yaakagadzirira kupa kuti atsinhane. Teregiramu inozotumirwa kune inotevera muranda node, uko kushanda kwakafanana kunoitika. Mushure mekupfuura nepakati pemidziyo yese yekudzora, teregiramu inodzoserwa kune mukuru controller, iyo, zvichibva pane data yakagamuchirwa kubva kumidziyo yevaranda, inoshandisa iyo yekudzora logic, zvakare ichipindirana kuburikidza neteregiramu nevaranda node, iyo inoburitsa chiratidzo chekutonga midziyo.
An EtherCAT network inogona kuva chero topology, asi muchidimbu ichagara iri mhete - nekuda kwekushandiswa kweakazara duplex mode uye maviri Ethernet connectors. Nenzira iyi, teregiramu inogara ichiendeswa sequentially kune yega yega mudziyo mubhazi.
Schematic inomiririra yeEthercat network ine akawanda nodes. Kwakabva:
Nenzira, tsanangudzo yeEtherCAT haina zvipingamupinyi pane 100Base-TX yemuviri, saka kushandiswa kweprotocol kunogoneka zvichienderana negigabit uye optical lines.
Vhura maindasitiri network uye PROFIBUS/NET zviyero kubva kuSiemens
Iyo yekuGermany kunetseka Siemens yagara ichizivikanwa kune yayo programmable logic controllers (PLCs), iyo inoshandiswa pasirese.
Kutsinhana kwedhata pakati penodhi yeotomatiki system inodzorwa neSiemens michina inoitwa zvese kuburikidza nebhazi remumunda rinonzi PROFIBUS uye muPROFINET maindasitiri network.
Bhazi rePROFIBUS rinoshandisa tambo yakakosha-yepakati ine DB-9 yekubatanidza. Siemens anayo mupepuru, asi isu takaona vamwe mukuita :). Kuti ubatanidze node dzakawanda, chibatanidza chinogona kubatanidza tambo mbiri. Iyo ine zvakare switch yeiyo terminal resistor. Iyo terminal resistor inofanirwa kuvhurwa pamagumo etiweki, zvichiratidza kuti iyi ndiyo yekutanga kana yekupedzisira mudziyo, uye mushure mayo hapana, rima chete uye kusava nechinhu (ese rs485s inoshanda seizvi). Kana iwe ukabatidza resistor pane yepakati yekubatanidza, chikamu chinotevera chichadzimwa.
PROFIBUS tambo ine majoini ekubatanidza. Kwakabva:
Iyo PROFINET network inoshandisa analogue twisted pair cable, kazhinji ine RJ-45 connectors, tambo ine ruvara rwegirinhi. Kana iyo topology yePROFIBUS iri bhazi, saka iyo topology yePROFINET network inogona kuve chero chinhu: mhete, nyeredzi, muti, kana zvese zvakasanganiswa.
Siemens controller ine yakabatana PROFINET tambo. Kunobva: w3.siemens.com
Kune akati wandei ekutaurirana mapuroteni paPROFIBUS bhazi uye mune PROFINET network.
ZvePROFIBUS:
- PROFIBUS DP - kuitwa kweiyi protocol kunosanganisira kutaurirana nemidziyo yevaranda iri kure; kana iri PROFINET, iyi protocol inoenderana nePROFINET IO protocol.
- PROFIBUS PA yakangofanana nePROFIBUS DP, inongoshandiswa kuputika-chiratidzo shanduro dzekufambiswa kwedata uye magetsi ekupa (inofanana nePROFIBUS DP ine akasiyana emuviri zvimiro). KuPROFINET, protocol-proof protocol yakafanana nePROFIBUS haisati yavepo.
- PROFIBUS FMS - yakagadzirirwa kuchinjisa data nemasisitimu kubva kune vamwe vagadziri vasingakwanise kushandisa PROFIBUS DP. Iyo PROFIBUS FMS analogue muPROFINET network ndiyo PROFINET CBA protocol.
ZvePROFINET:
- PROFINET IO;
- PROFINET CBA.
Iyo PROFINET IO protocol yakakamurwa kuita makirasi akati wandei:
- PROFINET NRT (isina-chaiyo nguva) - inoshandiswa mumashandisirwo apo maparamendi enguva haana kunetsa. Inoshandisa Ethernet TCP/IP data transfer protocol pamwe neUDP/IP.
- PROFINET RT (nguva chaiyo) - pano I / O kuchinjana kwedata kunoitwa uchishandisa Ethernet mafuremu, asi yekuongorora uye yekutaurirana data ichiri kutamiswa kuburikidza neUDP / IP.
- PROFINET IRT (Isochronous Real Time) - Iyi protocol yakagadziridzwa yakanangana nemafambiro ekudzora maapplication uye inosanganisira isochronous data data phase.
Kana iri yekuitwa kwePROFINET IRT yakaoma real-time protocol, yekutaurirana nemidziyo iri kure inosiyanisa nzira mbiri dzekutsinhana: isochronous uye asynchronous. Iyo isochronous chiteshi ine yakagadziriswa yekuchinjana kutenderera kureba inoshandisa wachi kuwiriranisa uye inotumira data-yakakosha data; yechipiri-chikamu teregiramu anoshandiswa kutapurirana. Nguva yekufambisa mune isochronous chiteshi haipfuure 1 millisecond.
Iyo asynchronous chiteshi inotumira iyo inonzi chaiyo-nguva data, iyo zvakare inotariswa kuburikidza neMAC kero. Pamusoro pezvo, ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwekuongorora uye rwekubatsira runofambiswa pamusoro peTCP/IP. Kunyange data-chaiyo-nguva, zvishoma mamwe ruzivo, hongu, inogona kukanganisa isochronous cycle.
Iyo yakawedzerwa seti yePROFINET IO mabasa haidiwe kune yega yega maindasitiri otomatiki sisitimu, saka iyi protocol inoyerwa kune yakatarwa purojekiti, ichifunga nezvemakirasi ekuteerera kana makirasi ekutevedzera: CC-A, CC-B, CC-CC. Makirasi ekuteerera anokubvumira kuti usarudze zvishandiso zvemumunda uye zvikamu zvemusana zvine hushoma hunodiwa kushanda.
Source:
Yechipiri yekutsinhana protocol muPROFINET network - PROFINET CBA - inoshandiswa kuronga kutaurirana kwemaindasitiri pakati pemidziyo kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri. Iyo huru yekugadzira unit muIAS masisitimu chimwe chinhu chinonzi chikamu. Ichi chikamu chinowanzo kuunganidzwa kwemakanika, magetsi uye emagetsi zvikamu zvemudziyo kana kuisirwa, pamwe neakabatana application software. Pachikamu chega chega, software module inosarudzwa iyo ine tsananguro yakazara yechimiro chechikamu ichi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvePROFINET standard. Mushure meizvozvo aya mamodule esoftware anoshandiswa kuchinjana data nemidziyo.
B&R Ethernet POWERLINK protocol
Iyo Powerlink protocol yakagadziriswa neAustria kambani B&R mukutanga 2000s. Uku ndiko kumwe kuita kweiyo-chaiyo-nguva protocol pamusoro peiyo Ethernet standard. Iyo protocol yakatarwa inowanikwa uye inogoverwa zvakasununguka.
Powerlink tekinoroji inoshandisa iyo inonzi yakasanganiswa yekuvhota nzira, apo kupindirana kwese pakati pemidziyo kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakati. Kunyanya data yakakosha inofambiswa muiyo isochronous exchange phase, iyo inodiwa nguva yekupindura inogadziriswa; iyo yasara data ichaendeswa, pese pazvinogoneka, muchikamu cheasynchronous.
B&R controller ine seti yeI/O module. Kunobva: br-automation.com
Iyo protocol yakatanga kushandiswa pamusoro peiyo 100Base-TX yemuviri layer, asi gare gare kuita kwegigabit kwakagadzirwa.
Iyo Powerlink protocol inoshandisa nzira yekuronga yekutaurirana. Imwe mucherechedzo kana meseji yekudzora inotumirwa kunetiweki, nerubatsiro rwacho inotariswa kuti ndeipi yemidziyo parizvino ine mvumo yekuchinjana data. Mudziyo mumwe chete unogona kuwana mukana wekuchinjana panguva.
Schematic inomiririra yeEthernet POWERLINK network ine node dzakawanda.
Muchikamu cheisochronous, mutongi wekuvhota anotumira chikumbiro kune imwe node kubva kwaanofanira kugamuchira data yakakosha.
Iyo isochronous phase inoitwa, sezvatotaurwa, ine inogadziriswa kutenderera nguva. Muchikamu cheasynchronous chekuchinjana, iyo IP protocol stack inoshandiswa, mutongi anokumbira data isiri-yakakosha kubva kune ese node, iyo inotumira mhinduro sezvavanowana mukana wekutumira kune network. Iyo nguva reshiyo pakati peiyo isochronous uye asynchronous phases inogona kugadziridzwa nemaoko.
Rockwell otomatiki Ethernet/IP Protocol
Iyo EtherNet / IP protocol yakagadziridzwa pamwe nekuita basa kwekambani yeAmerican Rockwell Automation muna 2000. Inoshandisa iyo TCP uye UDP IP stack, uye inoiwedzera kune maindasitiri otomatiki application. Chikamu chechipiri chezita, zvinopesana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, hazvireve Internet Protocol, asi Industrial Protocol. UDP IP inoshandisa iyo CIP (Common Interface Protocol) stack yekutaurirana, iyo inoshandiswawo muControlNet/DeviceNet network uye inoshandiswa pamusoro peTCP/IP.
Iyo EtherNet/IP yakatarwa inowanikwa pachena uye inowanikwa pachena. Iyo Ethernet/IP network topology inogona kuita zvechisimba uye inosanganisira mhete, nyeredzi, muti kana bhazi.
Pamusoro pemaitiro akajairwa eHTTP, FTP, SMTP, EtherNet/IP mapuroteni, inoshandisa kuendesa data-yakakosha nguva pakati pemutongi wekuvhota neI/O zvishandiso. Kufambiswa kweiyo isiri-nguva-yakakosha data inopiwa neTCP mapaketi, uye nguva-yakakosha kuendeswa kweiyo cyclic control data inoitwa kuburikidza neUDP protocol.
Kuti uenzanise nguva muzvirongwa zvakagoverwa, EtherNet / IP inoshandisa CIPsync protocol, iyo inowedzera yeCIP communication protocol.
Schematic inomiririra yeEthernet/IP network ine akati wandei node uye kubatana kweModbus zvishandiso. Kwakabva:
Kurerutsa EtherNet/IP network setup, akawanda akajairika otomatiki maturusi anouya ane akafanotsanangurwa ekugadzirisa mafaera.
Kuitwa kweiyo FBUS protocol ku Fastwel
Takafunga kwenguva yakareba kuti tiise kambani yeRussia Fastwel mune iyi runyorwa nekuita kwayo kwemumba kweFBUS indasitiri protocol, asi takazofunga kunyora ndima dzinoverengeka kuti tinzwisise zviri nani chokwadi chekutsiva kunze.
Pane maitiro maviri ekuita kweFBUS. Imwe yacho ibhazi umo iyo FBUS protocol inomhanya pamusoro peiyo RS485 standard. Uye zvakare, kune kuisirwa kweFBUS mune yeindasitiri Ethernet network.
FBUS haigone kudanwa kunzi high-speed protocol; nguva yekupindura inoenderana nenhamba yemamodule eI/O mubhazi uye pakuchinjana paramita; kazhinji inotangira pa 0,5 kusvika ku10 milliseconds. Imwe FBUS muranda node inogona chete kuva ne64 I/O modules. Kune fieldbus, kureba kwetambo hakugone kudarika 1 mita, saka hatisi kutaura nezve akagoverwa masisitimu. Kana kuti, zvinoita, asi chete kana uchishandisa indasitiri yeFBUS network pamusoro peTCP/IP, zvinoreva kuwedzera kwenguva yekuvhota kakawanda. Tambo dzekuwedzera bhazi dzinogona kushandiswa kubatanidza mamodules, ayo anobvumira kuiswa nyore kwemamodule mu automation cabinet.
Fastwel controller ine yakabatana I / O modules. Kwakabva:
Yese: zvese izvi zvinoshandiswa sei mukuita mune otomatiki maitiro ekudzora masisitimu
Nomuzvarirwo, akasiyana emhando dzemazuva ano maindasitiri ekufambisa data mapuroteni akakura kupfuura zvatakatsanangura muchinyorwa chino. Zvimwe zvakasungirirwa kune mumwe mugadziri, zvimwe, pane zvinopesana, ndezvepasi rose. Paunenge uchigadzira otomatiki maitiro ekudzora masisitimu (APCS), mainjiniya anosarudza iwo akakwana maprotocol, achifunga nezve mamwe mabasa uye zvisingakwanisi (tekinoroji uye bhajeti).
Kana tikataura nezve kuwanda kweimwe shanduko protocol, tinogona kupa dhizaini yekambani HMS Networks AB, iyo inoratidza migove yemusika yeakasiyana ekuchinjana matekinoroji mumaindasitiri network.
Source:
Sezvinoonekwa mudhayagiramu, PRONET uye PROFIBUS kubva kuSiemens vanotora zvinzvimbo zvinotungamira.
Sezvineiwo, 6 makore apfuura .
Tafura iri pazasi ine pfupiso yedata pane yakatsanangurwa shanduko maprotocol. Mamwe ma paramita, semuenzaniso, kuita, anoratidzwa mune abstract mazwi: yakakwirira / yakaderera. Nhamba dzakaenzana dzinogona kuwanikwa mune zvinyorwa zvekuongorora maitiro.
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|
EtherCAT
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POWERLINK
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PROFINET
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Ethernet/IP
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ModbusTCP
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|
Physical layer
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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100/1000 BASE-TX
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|
Data level
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Channel (Ethernet mafuremu)
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Channel (Ethernet mafuremu)
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Channel (Ethernet mafuremu), Network/transport (TCP/IP)
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Network/Transport(TCP/IP)
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Network/Transport(TCP/IP)
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|
Real time support
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kuti
|
kuti
|
kuti
|
kuti
|
kwete
|
|
Kubudirira
|
ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
|
ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
|
IRT - yakakwirira, RT - yepakati
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Avhareji
|
Low
|
|
Cable kureba pakati nodes
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100m
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100m/2km
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100m
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100m
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100m
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|
Transfer phases
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kwete
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Isochronous + asynchronous
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IRT - isochronous + asynchronous, RT - asynchronous
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kwete
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kwete
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|
Nhamba yemanodhi
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65535
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240
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TCP/IP Network Limitation
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TCP/IP Network Limitation
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TCP/IP Network Limitation
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|
Kukonana kugadzirisa
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Ring topology
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Clock synchronization, transmission phases
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Ring topology, transmission phases
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Kuchinja, nyeredzi topology
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Kuchinja, nyeredzi topology
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|
Hot swap
|
kwete
|
kuti
|
kuti
|
kuti
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Zvichienderana nekushandiswa
|
|
Mutengo wemidziyo
|
Low
|
Low
|
ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ
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Avhareji
|
Low
|
Nzvimbo dzekushandiswa kweakatsanangurwa ekuchinjana maprotocol, mabhazi emumunda uye maindasitiri network akasiyana zvakanyanya. Kubva kumaindasitiri emakemikari uye emotokari kusvika kune tekinoroji yeaerospace uye kugadzira zvemagetsi. High-speed exchange protocols iri kudiwa mune chaiyo-nguva yekumisikidza masisitimu emidziyo yakasiyana uye mumarobhoti.
Ndeapi maprotocol awakashanda nawo uye wakaashandisa kupi? Govera ruzivo rwako mumashoko. π
Source: www.habr.com