Kubva kuvatsoropodzi kusvika kune algorithms: izwi riri kupera revakakwirira munyika yemimhanzi

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, indasitiri yemimhanzi yaive "kirabhu yakavharwa." Zvakanga zvakaoma kupinda, uye kuravira kwevanhu kwaidzorwa neboka duku. "enlightened»nyanzvi.

Asi gore rega rega pfungwa dzevakuru dzinova shoma uye shoma, uye vatsoropodzi vakatsiviwa ne playlists uye algorithms. Ngatikuudzei kuti zvakaitika sei.

mufananidzo Sergei Solo /Unsplash

Indasitiri yemimhanzi isati yasvika zana remakore rechi19

Kwenguva yakareba, munyika yemimhanzi yeEurope pakanga pasina mitemo, hutungamiri uye kupatsanurwa mumabasa atakajaira. Pakanga pasina kunyange muenzaniso wedu wenguva dzose wedzidzo yemimhanzi. Basa rezvikoro zvemimhanzi raiwanzoitwa nemachechi, uko vana vaidzidza vachitungamirirwa nemuimbi - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo Bach ane makore gumi akawana dzidzo yake.

Izwi rokuti "conservatory" rakaonekwa muzana remakore rechi16 uye raireva nherera, uko vadzidzi vaidzidziswa mimhanzi. Conservatories inosangana netsanangudzo yemazuva ano yetemu - nemakwikwi ekupinda, chirongwa chakajeka chedzidzo uye tarisiro yebasa - yakapararira muEurope chete muzana ramakore rechi19.

Kwenguva refu, kuumba kwakanga kusinawo mukurumbira. Vazhinji vezvino vanozivikanwa classicist vakaita hupenyu hwavo sevatambi, conductor uye vadzidzisi.

Mendelssohn asati aita mukurumbira mumhanzi waBach, munyori wacho ainyanya kuyeukwa semudzidzisi akatanhamara.

mufananidzo Matthew Cramblett /Unsplash

Makasitoma makuru emumhanzi aive chechi nevakuru. Rokutanga raida mabasa emweya, rechipiri raida kuvaraidza. Vaive ivo vaidzora mimhanzi yaiteererwa nechiedza - kunyangwe ivo pachavo vaive nehunhu hwepamusoro kumimhanzi.

Uyezve, panguva iyoyo kutenderera kwehupenyu hwechimwe nechimwe chaive, maererano nemaitiro emazuva ano, kupfupika kwazvo. “Rock stars” panguva iyoyo vaiva shasha—vaimbi vaishanya vairatidza unyanzvi hunoshamisa. Vakavandudza repertoire yavo gore rega rega - mabasa matsva aitarisirwa kubva kwavari mumwaka mutsva.

Ndicho chikonzero, sei anonyora Purofesa weCambridge uye mutambi wepiyano John Rink, mumutsara wake kubva muunganidzwa "The Cambridge History of Music," vanyori vaiwanzokamura basa ravo mu "hits" dzenguva pfupi dzerepertoire yevatambi vemakonti uye kutamba kwenguva refu "zvisingaparare." Kugadzirwa kwemimhanzi mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kwakaiswa pamutsetse wegungano.

Kuzvarwa kwemimhanzi yezvidzidzo

Kurongeka kwakatangwa kwakatanga kuchinja pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi18 nerechi19, apo mafungiro chaiwo evaEurope vakadzidza kumimhanzi akachinja. Kutenda kune maitiro erudo, pfungwa "high" mimhanzi. Vakuru vakatanga kuona muEuropean instrumental tsika chimwe chinhu chakakwana, chakasiyana nemaitiro ekuchinja fashoni.

Mazuvano tinodaidza nzira iyi kumumhanzi wedzidzo.

Kufanana nokuronda kupi nokupi kwakaisvonaka, mimhanzi “yepamusoro” yaida masisitimu ayo aizochengeta nokudzivirira kuchena kwawo. Izvi zvakaitwa nevakapfuma vatsigiri vehunyanzvi (kubva kuvakuru nevemaindasitiri kusvika kumadzimambo), vane chiitiko yava nemukurumbira kupfuura kare.

mufananidzo Diliff / Wiki

Yakanga iri nemari yavo iyo masangano edzidzo uye masangano etsika akavakwa, ayo zvino ari musimboti wepasirese mimhanzi yenyika. Nokudaro, vepamusoro havana kungodzivirira nzvimbo yavo mutsika dzemimhanzi yeEurope, asiwo vakatora kutonga kwekukura kwayo.

Mimhanzi kutsoropodza uye utori venhau

Mapepanhau ekutanga akabudisa wongororo yemabasa emimhanzi akatangawo kubudiswa pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18 - inenge panguva imwe chete nekuonekwa kwemasangano ekuchengetedza, philharmonic societies uye zvikoro zvemimhanzi zvatinoziva. Kana masangano edzidzo akamisa danho rekuita uye kuumba mhando, vatsoropodzi vakazvibvunza.

Basa ravo rekusiyanisa rekusingaperi kubva kune rinopfuura rakasimbisa kusava nenguva kwemimhanzi yepamusoro mutsika yezvidzidzo. Nechekare muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, mutambi wegitare Frank Zappa akacherekedza kuti “kutaura pamusoro pemimhanzi kwakafanana nokutamba pamusoro pezvivakwa.” Uye zvinonzwisisika.

Kutsoropodza kwemimhanzi kune midzi yayo mumimhanzi yemimhanzi, aesthetics uye uzivi. Kuti unyore wongororo yakanaka, unofanirwa kuve neruzivo munzvimbo dzese nhatu. Mutsoropodzi anofanira kunzwisisa hunyanzvi hwekuita basa remuimbi uye muimbi, kuita sarudzo dzekunaka uye kunzwa kubatana kwebasa ne "mhedziso" - kupfuura izvo chaizvo. Zvese izvi zvinoita kuti kushoropodzwa kwemimhanzi kuve rudzi rwakanyanya.

Nguva pfupi mushure mekuonekwa kwayo, kutsoropodza kwemimhanzi kwakayerera kubva muzvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi kuenda kumapeji enhau inozivikanwa - vatsoropodzi vemimhanzi vakakwanisa kuzvisimbisa sechikamu chakakosha chetsika yevatapi venhau. Kusati kwawanda marekodhi emhanzi, vatori venhau vemimhanzi vakaongorora mitambo, kunyanya yekutanga.

Kuita kwevatsoropodzi kumutambo wekutanga wekuumbwa kunogona kusarudza ramangwana rayo. Somuenzaniso, pashure kukundwa Rachmaninov's first symphony pamapeji eSt. Petersburg chinyorwa "News and Exchange Newspaper", basa racho harina kuitwa kusvikira pakufa kwemunyori.

Tichifunga nezvekudikanwa kwekunzwisisa rutivi rwehunyanzvi hwekuumbwa, basa revatsoropodzi raiwanzoitwa nevaimbi vemimhanzi pachavo. Ongororo yataurwa pamusoro yakanyorwa na Caesar Antonovich Cui - Nhengo ye "Mighty Handful". Vaivewo nemukurumbira weongororo yavo Rimsky-Korsakov uye Schumann.

Mumhanzi utori venhau wakava chinhu chakakosha cheiyo nyowani mimhanzi ecosystem yezana ramakore re19. Uye sezvimwe zvinhu zveiyi "indasitiri" yechidiki, iyo zvakare yaidzorwa neakadzidza, ane rombo epamusoro ane mwero wezvidzidzo.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri mamiriro ezvinhu achachinja zvikuru: Elites ichatsiviwa nehunyanzvi, vanyori-vatsoropodzi vari kutsiviwa nenyanzvi dzemimhanzi vatori venhau uye DJs.

mufananidzo frankie cordoba /Unsplash

Tichataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvinofadza zvakaitika nokutsoropodzwa kwenziyo mukati meiyi nhambo munyaya yedu inotevera. Tichaedza kuigadzirira nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

PS Yedu yazvino nhevedzano yezvinhu "Kungwara nehurombo".

Source: www.habr.com