"Rimwe zuva muhupenyu hwe squirrel" kana kubva pakuita modhi kune dhizaini yeautomated hupfumi accounting system "Belka-1.0" (Chikamu 1)
βSquirrelβ inei nazvo?
Ini ndichakurumidza kutsanangura izvo "squirrel" ine chekuita nazvo. Tasangana nemapurojekiti anonakidza paInternet ekudzidza UML zvichibva pachidzidzo chakakweretwa kubva kungano (semuenzaniso, [1]), ndakafungawo kugadzirira muenzaniso wakafanana kuvadzidzi vangu kuitira kuti vadzidze marudzi matatu chete emadhayagiramu kutanga nawo: Chiitiko Dhiyagiramu, Kushandisa-kesi Dhiagiramu uye Kirasi Dhiagiramu. Ini nemaune handishandure mazita emadhayagiramu muchiRussian kuti ndidzivise kukakavara nezve "kuoma kweshanduro." Ndichatsanangura kuti ndezvipi gare gare. Mumuenzaniso uyu ndiri kushandisa Enterprise Architect framework kubva kukambani yeAustralia [2] - chishandiso chakanaka chemutengo unonzwisisika. Uye sechikamu chezvidzidzo zvangu zvandinoshandisa [3], yakanaka yemahara chinhu-yakatarisana nedhizaini chishandiso chinotsigira UML2.0 uye BPMN miyero, isina mabhero asina kufanira uye muridzo maererano nekugona kwekuona, asi yakakwana pakudzidza izvo zvekutanga zvemutauro.
Isu tichazoita otomatiki chiitiko che accounting yezvinhu zvenyama, izvo zvinomuka mune aya maitiro.
...
Chitsuwa chiri pagungwa, (E1, E2)
Pane chimvuramabwe pachitsuwa (E3, E1)
Nemakereke ane goridhe, (E4)
Neshongwe nemapindu; (E5, E6)
Muti wespruce unokura pamberi peimba yamambo, (E7, E8)
Uye pasi payo pane imba yekristaro; (E9)
Squirrel yakapusa inogara ipapo, (A1)
Hungu, kunakidzwa kwakadini! (A1)
Squirrel inoimba nziyo, (P1, A1)
Ehe, anoramba achidya nzungu, (P2)
Asi nzungu hadzisi nyore, (C1)
Ese magoko egoridhe, (C2)
Mwoyo wake iemerald yakachena; (C3)
Varanda vanorinda squirrel, (P3, A2)
Vanomushandira sevashandi vakasiyana-siyana (P4)
Uye mabharani akapihwa (A3)
Nhoroondo yakasimba yenzungu ndiyo nhau; (P5, C1)
Hondo inomukwazisa; (P6, A4)
Mari inodururwa kubva mumakungu, (P7, C2, C4)
Ngavatenderere nenyika; (P8)
Vasikana vanodira emerald (P9, A5, C3)
Mudzimba dzokuchengetera napasi pechifukidzo; (E10, E11)
...
(A.S. Pushkin "Tale of Tsar Saltan, yegamba rake rinobwinya uye rine simba Prince Guidon Saltanovich uye akanaka Princess Swan", - Makore gumi kubva pane pfungwa kusvika pakuburitswa, nenzira!)
Zvishoma nezvemakodhi akanyorwa kurudyi rwemitsara. βAβ (kubva kuβActorβ) zvinoreva kuti mutsara une ruzivo nezvemunhu anenge atora chikamu muchirongwa ichi. "C" (kubva ku "Kirasi") - ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zvekirasi zvinogadziriswa panguva yekuitwa kwemaitiro. "E" (kubva "Environment") - ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zvekirasi zvinoratidzira zvakatipoteredza zvekuita maitiro. "P" (kubva ku "Process") - ruzivo pamusoro pemaitiro acho.
Nenzira, tsanangudzo chaiyo yemaitiro zvakare inotaura kuti ndiyo inokonzera kukakavara kwemaitiro, kana chete nekuda kwekuti kune maitiro akasiyana: bhizinesi, kugadzirwa, teknolojia, nezvimwewo. zvichingoenda zvakadaro. (unogona kuziva, semuenzaniso, [4] uye [5]). Kuti tidzivise gakava, ngatibvumiranei izvozvo Isu tiri kufarira maitiro kubva pakuona kwekudzokorora kwayo nekufamba kwenguva uye kudiwa kweautomation, i.e. kuendesa kuurayiwa kwechero chikamu chemaitiro ekushanda kune otomatiki system.
Manotsi ekushandisa dhayagiramu Yekuita
Ngatitangei kuenzanisira maitiro edu uye toshandisa dhiyagiramu yeChiitiko cheizvi. Kutanga, regai nditsanangure kuti macode ari pamusoro achashandiswa sei mumuenzaniso. Zviri nyore kutsanangura nemuenzaniso wakajeka, asi panguva imwe chete isu tichaongorora zvimwe (zvinenge zvese zvatinoda) zvinhu zveChiitiko dhayagiramu.
Ngationgororei chimedu chinotevera:
...
Squirrel inoimba nziyo, (P1, A1)
Ehe, anoramba achidya nzungu, (P2)
Asi nzungu hadzisi nyore, (C1)
Ese magoko egoridhe, (C2)
Mwoyo wake iemerald yakachena; (C3)
...
Tine matanho maviri ekuita P1 uye P2, mubatanidzwa A1, uye zvinhu zvemakirasi matatu akasiyana: chinhu chekirasi C1 chinoiswa kune nhanho, zvinhu zvekirasi C2 uye C3 zvinobuda semhedzisiro yechiitiko cheichi nhanho P2 yedu. process. Kumufananidzo tinoshandisa zvinotevera zvekuenzanisira zvinhu.
Chidimbu chemaitiro edu chinogona kumiririrwa chimwe chinhu chakadai (Mufananidzo 1).
Mufananidzo 1. Chidimbu chedhiyagiramu yebasa
Kuronga nzvimbo uye kuronga dhiyagiramu yeChiitiko, isu tichashandisa nzira isiri-yakajairwa, kubva pakuona kwechinyakare kushandiswa kweUML notation. Asi pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Chekutanga, tisati tatanga modhi isu tichagadzira iyo inonzi chibvumirano chemuenzaniso, umo tinonyora zvese maficha ekushandisa notation. Chechipiri, nzira iyi yakadzokororwa yakashandiswa zvakabudirira padanho rekuenzanisira kwebhizinesi mumapurojekiti chaiwo ekugadzira masisitimu esoftware; mhedzisiro yakanyorwa neboka redu diki revanyori mune inoenderana copyright chinhu [6], uye yakashandiswawo mubhuku rekudzidzisa [ 7]. Nokuda kweChiitiko dhayagiramu, tinotsanangura kuti munda wedhiyagiramu wakagadzirwa uchishandisa "nzira dzekushambira". Iro zita renziyo rinoenderana nerudzi rwechati zvinhu zvichaiswa pane iyo track.
"Input and output artifacts": Iyi track ichange iine Zvinhu zvezvinhu - zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kana mhedzisiro yekuita imwe nhanho yekuita.
"Matanho ekuita": Pano tichaisa Zviitiko zvinhu - zviito zvevatori vechikamu.
"Vatori": nzira yezvinhu zvinoratidzira mabasa evaiti vechiitiko mukuita kwedu; kwavari isu tichashandisa imwechete yemuenzaniso chinhu Chinhu - chinhu, asi isu tichawedzera iyo "Actor" stereotype kwairi.
The next track inonzi "Business Mitemo" uye pane iyi track tichaisa mune zvinyorwa zvemavara mitemo yekuita nhanho dzekuita, uye kune izvi isu tichashandisa iyo yekuenzanisira element Cherechedzo - chinyorwa.
Tichamira pano, kunyangwe taigona kushandisa nzira "Zvishandiso" kuunganidza ruzivo nezve nhanho ye process automation. Nzira inogona zvakare kubatsira "Zvinzvimbo uye kupatsanurwa kwevatori vechikamu", inogona kushandiswa kubatanidza mabasa kune zvinzvimbo uye madhipatimendi evatori vechikamu.
Zvose zvandichangobva kutsanangura chidimbu magungano ekuenzanisira, chikamu ichi chechibvumirano chine chekuita nemitemo yekuronga dhayagiramu imwe uye, maererano, mitemo yekunyora nekuiverenga.
"Recipe"
Zvino ngatitarisei sarudzo yekuenzanisira sisitimu zvakananga kubva paChiitwa diagram. Iyi ingori imwe yesarudzo, ndinocherechedza kuti, hongu, haisi yega. Iyo Chiitiko dhayagiramu ichatifadza kubva pakuona kwechinzvimbo chayo mushanduko kubva pakuita modhi kuenda kudhizaini yeautomated system. Kuti tiite izvi, isu tichaomerera kune maitiro ekurudziro - rudzi rweresipi inoumbwa nematanho mashanu chete uye inopa kugadzirwa kwemhando nhatu chete dzemadhayagiramu. Kushandisa iyi resipi kuchatibatsira kuwana tsananguro yepamutemo yemaitiro atinoda kuita otomatiki uye kuunganidza data redhizaini yehurongwa. Uye kune vadzidzi vekutanga kudzidza UML, iyi imhando yekuchengetedza hupenyu isingavatenderi kunyura mumhando dzese dzenzira dzekuona uye matekiniki anowanikwa muUML uye maturusi emazuva ano ekuenzanisira.
Heino, chokwadi, ndiyo resipi pachayo, uye wotevera madhayagiramu akavakirwa yedu "fairytale" nzvimbo yezvidzidzo.
Danho 1. Isu tinotsanangura maitiro nenzira yeChiitiko diagram. Kune hurongwa hune nhanho dzinopfuura gumi, zvine musoro kushandisa danho rekugadzirisa danho rekuvandudza kuverenga kwedhiyagiramu.
Danho 2. Sarudza izvo zvinogona kuitwa otomatiki (matanho anogona kujekeswa pamufananidzo, semuenzaniso).
Nhanho 3. Nhanho yeautomated inofanira kusanganiswa nebasa kana mabasa ehurongwa (hukama hunogona kuva vazhinji-kune-vazhinji), dhirowa dhayagiramu yeKushandisa-kesi. Aya ndiwo mabasa ehurongwa hwedu.
Danho 4. Ngatitsanangurirei sangano remukati reAS tichishandisa dhiyabhorosi yekirasi - Kirasi. Iyo "Input and Output Objects (Zvinyorwa)" inotuhwina muChiitwa dhayagiramu ndiyo hwaro hwekuvaka chimiro chechinhu uye chimiro chehukama-hukama.
Nhanho 5. Ngationgororei zvinyorwa pa "Business Mitemo" track, vanopa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvirambidzo uye mamiriro, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoshandurwa kuva zvisiri-kushanda zvinodiwa.
Iyo inozobuda seti yemadhayagiramu (Chiitiko, Kushandisa-kesi, Kirasi) inotipa tsananguro yepamutemo mune yakaringana notation, i.e. ine kuverenga kwakajeka. Iye zvino iwe unogona kuvandudza tekinoroji yakatarwa, kujekesa zvinodiwa zvinotsanangurwa, nezvimwe.
Ngatitangei modelling.
Danho 1. Rondedzera maitiro nenzira yeChiito dhayagiramu
Rega ndikuyeuchidze kuti takagadzira ndima yedhiyagiramu tichishandisa nzira dze "kushambira"; nzira imwe neimwe ine zvinhu zvemhando imwechete (Mufananidzo 2). Kuwedzera kune dhayagiramu zvinhu zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro, isu tichashandisa zvimwe zvinhu, ngatizvitsanangure.
Sarudzo (Sarudzo) inoreva nzvimbo yebazi rekuita kwedu mudhayagiramu, uye kubatanidza tambo (Kubatanidza) - poindi yekubatanidzwa kwavo zvakare. Mamiriro ekuchinja anonyorwa mumabhuraketi akaenzana pakuchinja.
Pakati pema synchronizers maviri (Fork) ticharatidza matavi anoenderana maitiro.
Maitiro edu anogona kuve nekutanga kumwe chete - imwe yekupinda poindi (Yekutanga). Asi panogona kuve nekupedzwa kwakati wandei (Final), asi kwete kune yedu chaiyo dhizaini.
Kune miseve yakawanda kwazvo; nenhamba huru yezvinhu uye zvinongedzo, unogona kutanga waona nhanho dzekuita, uye wobva waita kuora kwematanho aya. Asi nekujekesa, ndinoda kuratidza yedu "ngano-ngano" maitiro zvachose pane imwe dhizaini, nepo, hongu, isu tinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti miseve "haina kubatana", zvingave zvichikwanisika kuteedzera nemazvo izvo zvakabatana. kuti chii.
Mufananidzo 2. Dhiagiramu yebasa - maonero ehuwandu hwemaitiro
Nokuti mumitsetse yenhetembo, mamwe maratidziro emaitiro akasiiwa, aifanira kudzoreredzwa, anoratidzwa nezvinhu zvine chena kumashure. Aya maficha anosanganisira Kutamisa / Kugamuchira Kwekuchengeta uye Kugadzirisa nhanho uye akati wandei ekuisa uye anoburitsa zvigadzirwa. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti danho iri zvakare hariburitse zvizere maitiro, nekuti isu taizoda kusiyanisa nhanho yekutapurirana uye nhanho yekugamuchira, uye nekuwedzera nhanho yakaparadzana yematehwe, uye zvakare funga kuti kutanga zvese izvi zvinhu zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa kwechinguva pane imwe nzvimbo, nezvimwe. zvichingoenda zvakadaro.
Ngationeiwo kuti mubvunzo wekwakabva nzungu unoramba usina kupindurwa β unobvepi uye unosvikepi kuchigwere? Uye mubvunzo uyu (wakasimbiswa nefonti dzvuku mune noti - chinhu cheCherechedzo) chinoda kudzidza kwakasiyana! Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita muongorori - kuunganidza ruzivo zvishoma nezvishoma, kuita fungidziro uye kugamuchira "zvakanaka" kana "hapana-zvakanaka" kubva kune nyanzvi dzenyaya - vanhu vakanyanya kukosha uye vasingatsivike padanho rekugadzira bhizinesi pakugadzira masisitimu.
Ziva zvakare kuti danho reP5 rine zvikamu zviviri.
Uye isu tichaora chikamu chimwe nechimwe uye tochifunga zvakadzama (Mufananidzo 3, Mufananidzo 4), nekuti. mabasa anoitwa mukati mematanho aya achave otomatiki.
Mufananidzo 3. Dhiagiramu yechiitiko - inodonongodza (chikamu 1)
Mufananidzo 4. Dhiagiramu yechiitiko - inodonongodza (chikamu 2)
Danho 2. Sarudza izvo zvinogona kuitwa otomatiki
Matanho ekuita otomatiki anojekeswa muruvara pamadhayagiramu (ona Mufananidzo 3, Mufananidzo 4).
Ese anoitwa nemumwe mubati muchiitiko ichi - Munyori:
- Inopinza ruzivo pamusoro pehuremu hwe nut muchirevo;
- Inopinda ruzivo pamusoro pekuendeswa kwe nut muchirevo;
- Inorekodha chokwadi chekushandurwa kwenati kuita goko uye kernel;
- Inopinza ruzivo nezve nut kernel mune chirevo;
- Inopinza ruzivo nezve makungu e nzungu mune rondedzero.
Ongororo yebasa rakaitwa. Chii chinotevera?
Saka, takaita basa rakawanda rekugadzirira: takaunganidza ruzivo pamusoro pemaitiro atinozoita otomatiki; akatanga kuumba chibvumirano chekuenzanisira (kusvika ikozvino chete maererano nekushandisa Dhidhiyo yeChiitiko); akaita kuenzanisa kwemaitiro uye kunyange yakaora akati wandei ematanho ayo; Isu takaona matanho ekuita ayo isu tichaaita otomatiki. Isu takagadzirira kuenderera kune anotevera matanho uye kutanga kugadzira mashandiro ehurongwa uye kurongeka kwemukati.
Sezvaunoziva, dzidziso pasina kuita hachisi chinhu. Iwe unofanirwa kuedza "kuenzanisira" nemaoko ako pachako, izvi zvinobatsirawo pakunzwisisa nzira yakarongwa. Semuenzaniso, unogona kushanda munzvimbo yekuenzanisira [3]. Isu takaora chete chikamu chematanho eiyo yakazara process diagraph (ona Mufananidzo 2). Sebasa rinoshanda, unogona kukumbirwa kuti udzokorore madhayagiramu ese ari muModelion nharaunda uye kuita decomposition ye "Transfer / Reception for Storage and Processing" nhanho.
Isu hatisati tichifunga nezvekushanda munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekuenzanisira, asi iyi inogona kuve nyaya yezvinyorwa zvakazvimirira uye wongororo.
Muchikamu chechipiri chechinyorwa, tichaongorora maitiro ekuenzanisa uye ekugadzira anodiwa pamatanho 3-5; isu tichashandisa UML Use-kesi uye Kirasi madhayagiramu. Zvichaenderera mberi.
Rondedzero yezvinyorwa
- Webhusaiti "UML2.ru". Analyst Community Forum. General chikamu. Mienzaniso. Mienzaniso yengano dzakarongwa seUML diagrams. [Electronic sosi] Mamiriro ekupinda: Internet:
- Sparx Systems webhusaiti. [Electronic sosi] Nzira yekuwana: Internet:
- Modelio webhusaiti. [Electronic sosi] Mamiriro ekupinda: Internet:
- Big Encyclopedic Dictionary. Nzira (kududzira). [Electronic sosi] Mamiriro ekupinda: Internet:
- Webhusaiti "Organization of Effective Management". Blog. Category "Business Process Management". Tsanangudzo yemaitiro ebhizinesi. [Electronic sosi] Mamiriro ekupinda: Internet:
- Certificate Nhamba 18249 pakunyoresa uye dhipoziti yebasa rekuita kwenjere. Alfimov R.V., Zolotukhina E.B., Krasnikova S.A. Manyoro echiyamuro chekudzidzisa chakanzi "Modeling a subject area using Enterprise Architect" // 2011.
- Zolotukhina E.B., Vishnya A.S., Krasnikova S.A. Business process modelling. - M.: KOSI, SIC INFRA-M, EBS Znanium.com. β 2017.
Source: www.habr.com