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Tichiri mubishi , tinoda kukukoka iwe kuti tikurukure imwe yemisoro mikuru yatave kushanda pairi nguva pfupi yadarika - kupindirana kweWindows neLinux, zvine chekuita, kunyanya, nekuvandudza sisitimu. . WSL 2 iri munzira, uye heino tarisiro yekukurumidza yezvichauya mune iyi subsystem, pamwe nekufungidzira kwekubatanidzwa kweramangwana pakati peWindows neLinux.
Muna Chivabvu wegore rino, Microsoft yakazivisa kuti WSL2, iyo yazvino vhezheni yeWindows subsystem paLinux, yaizomhanya pane yakazara Linux kernel yakavakirwa-mumba.
Izvi zvinomaka kekutanga Microsoft yaisanganisira iyo Linux kernel sechikamu muWindows. Microsoft iri kuunzawo mutsara wekuraira kuWindows uyo unozowedzera hunyanzvi hwePowerShell neWSL.
Ose ari maviri Linux kernel yeWSL2, yakagadzirwa neMicrosoft, uye iyo itsva Windows command line ndeyekufarira kunyanya kune vanogadzira.
"Iri ndiro danho rakasimba kwazvo mumutambo uchipokana neAWS," anodaro Joshua Schwartz, director wedhijitari zvirongwa pakambani yekubvunza AT Kearney.
Remangwana reMicrosoft harina kubatana nemusika wePC, kunyangwe icharamba yakabata chinzvimbo chayo muchikamu ichi. Izvo zvichave zvakanyanya kukosha kuwana tsoka mumusika wegore, chimwe chezvikamu izvo mune ramangwana chingave desktop PC.
Chii chinoita WSL2?
WSL2 ndiyo yazvino Windows Subsystem framework yeLinux. Iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uvandudze zvakanyanya faira system kuita uye inopa kuenderana kwakazara nehurongwa hwekufona.
Chimwe chezvikumbiro zvikuru kubva kunharaunda yeWSL chaive chine chekuita nekuvandudza mashandiro. WSL2 inomhanyisa akawanda maturusi eLinux kupfuura WSL, kunyanya Docker uye FUSE.
WSL2 inobata faira-yakanyanya mashandiro, kunyanya git clone, npm install, apt update, uye apt upgrade. Iko chaiyo yekumhanyisa kuwedzera kunoenderana neiyo chaiyo application uye kuti inopindirana sei nefaira system.
Mayedzo ekutanga airatidza kuti WSL2 inomhanya zvakapetwa kamakumi maviri pane WSL20 mukuburitsa tara kubva zip. Paunenge uchishandisa git clone, npm kuisa uye cmake mumapurojekiti akasiyana, sisitimu yacho yakaratidza kaviri kusvika kashanu kuwedzera kwekuita.
Izvi zvichabatsira here kuwana chivimbo chevagadziri?
Muchokwadi, Microsoft iri kutsvaga kucherechedzwa uye kuvimba munharaunda yevagadziri kuburikidza nekugadzira yayo vhezheni yeLinux kernel kutsigira WSL2 maitiro, akadaro Cody Swann, CEO weGunner Technology.
"Kunze kwekusimudzira Windows, kugadzira mamwe maapplication - gore, nharembozha, webhu application - paPC zvaisanyanya kunetsa, ndosaka mugadziri neimwe nzira aifanira kutanga kugovera kweLinux kunoenderana neWindows OS. Microsoft yakaziva izvi uye yakauya nemhinduro," anopedzisa.
Hazvigoneki kuti kuunza tsika yeLinux kernel ichave nechakanyanya kukanganisa pane sisitimu kubva pakuona kweavhareji mushandisi. Nekudaro, izvi zvinovhura mikana yepedyo yekudyidzana pakati peMicrosoft masevhisi neLinux inoshanda sisitimu.
Kufamba uku pachikamu cheMicrosoft kwakachenjera kwazvo, sezvo kuchibatsira kupinda zvakadzika munharaunda yevagadziri, pamwe nekushingaira kushandisa zvigadzirwa zviri kugadzirwa nemumwe munhu - ndiko kuti, batanidza kune yakavhurika sosi, anodaro Swann.
Tikugashirei kuNew Microsoft
Maitiro ekugadzira nekuchengetedza Linux kernel "chaiyo yeWindows" inoratidza yakasimba yakavhurika-sosi kutungamira inosimudzirwa neMukuru Satya Nadella. Microsoft haisisiri yakafanana neyaive pasi peGates neBallmer, apo zvese zvaichengetwa kuseri kwefenzi yevaridzi, uye hapana akafunga nezvekudyidzana.
"Satya yakanyatso shandura Microsoft kuita chikuva chemazuva ano, uye zano iri rakabhadhara zvakanaka. Mhoro, matrion-dollar capitalization, "anodaro Schwartz.
Sekureva kwaCharles King, muongorori mukuru kuPund-IT, masimba maviri makuru eMicrosoft ndeyekugona uye kuchengetedzeka.
"Nekushingairira kuvandudza kwayo kwakakomba - zviwanikwa uye maturusi - kambani inogona kuvimbisa vatengi kuti kernel ichave yakanyatso kuenderana uye yakashongedzerwa neazvino zvigamba uye zvigadziriso kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakazara," anowedzera.
Vagadziri vanobatsirwawo
Linux mabhanari anoita mabasa mazhinji achishandisa masisitimu mafoni, sekuwana mafaera, kukumbira ndangariro, uye kugadzira maitiro. WSL1 inotsamira pane dudziro yeshanduro kududzira akawanda eaya masystem ekufona uye kuvabvumira kupindirana neWindows NT kernel.
Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma ndechekuita ese masystem mafoni. Sezvo izvi zvisina kuitwa muWSL1, zvimwe zvikumbiro hazvina kukwanisa kushanda ipapo. WSL2 inosvitsa akawanda matsva maapplication anoshanda nemazvo munzvimbo ino.
Iyo nyowani yekuvaka inobvumira Microsoft kuunza yazvino optimizations kuLinux kernel nekukurumidza kupfuura neWSL1. Microsoft inogona kugadzirisa iyo WSL2 musimboti kwete kuitazve zvese zvinorambidzwa.
Yakazara yakavhurika sosi chishandiso
Kuvandudza kweMicrosoft kwayo Linux kernel kwaive kupera kwemakore ekushanda neLinux Systems Group, pamwe nezvimwe zvikwata zvakawanda muMicrosoft, akadaro Jack Hammons, maneja wechirongwa kuLinux Systems Group, Microsoft.
Iyo kernel yakapihwa WSL2 ichave yakavhurika sosi, uye Microsoft ichatumira mirairo yekuvaka kernel yakadai paGitHub. Iyo kambani ichabatana nevagadziri vanoda kubatsira chirongwa ichi uye kutyaira pasi-kumusoro shanduko.
Vagadziri veMicrosoft vakagadzira WSL2 vachishandisa iyo kambani inoenderera mberi yekubatanidza uye inoenderera kuendesa masisitimu. Iyi software ichapihwa kuburikidza neWindows update system uye ichave pachena kune mushandisi. Iyo kernel icharamba iripo uye inosanganisira ese maficha eiyo yazvino yakagadzikana bazi reLinux.
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo, kambani inoratidzira marepositori munharaunda, inogara ichitarisisa zviri mukati meLinux chengetedzo yetsamba runyorwa, uye inoshanda nemakambani akati wandei anotsigira dhatabhesi mumabhizinesi chaiwo nharaunda (CVEs). Izvi zvinogonesa kuti Microsoft's Linux kernel iri kufambidzana neazvino zvigadziriso uye inobvisa chero kutyisidzira kuri kubuda.
Kuchinja kwepasi-kumusoro kunosungirwa
Microsoft inova nechokwadi chekuti shanduko dzese dzekernel dzinoparidzwa kumusoro, chinhu chakakosha cheiyo Linux philosophy. Kutsigira kuzasi kwemvura kunouya nekuwedzera kuoma; Uyezve, tsika iyi haina kujairika munharaunda yakavhurika.
Chinangwa cheMicrosoft semushandisi anoshanda weLinux ndechekuve nhengo yakarangwa munharaunda uye kupa shanduko munharaunda. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwemapazi ane chekuita nerutsigiro rwenguva refu, mamwe mapechi - semuenzaniso ane maitiro matsva - anogona kungoverengerwa mushanduro nyowani dzekernel, uye kwete kuendeswa kune yazvino LTS vhezheni mune yekudzokera kumashure inoenderana modhi.
Kana iyo WSL musimboti masosi aripo, iwo achange aine zvinongedzo kune seti yezvigamba uye yakareba-inomhanya yakagadzikana chikamu chezvinyorwa. Microsoft inotarisira kuti runyoro urwu ruchadzikira nekufamba kwenguva sezvo zvigamba zvichigoverwa kumusoro uye zvigamba zvitsva zvemuno zvinowedzerwa kutsigira zvitsva zveWSL.
Zvimwe zvinofadza dhizaini yehwindo
Microsoft yakazivisawo iri kuuya yechando vhezheni yeWindows Terminal, chishandiso chitsva chevashandisi vanoshanda nemirairo mitsara maturusi uye mabhomba, akadai se Command Prompt, PowerShell, uye WSL.
Windows Terminal
Windows Terminal 1.0 inopa akawanda marongero uye zvigadziriso sarudzo dzinokupa iwe kutonga kwakawanda pamusoro pechitarisiko cheiyo terminal hwindo, pamwe nepamusoro pemabhomba / maprofile anofanirwa kuvhura sematabhu matsva.
Iwo marongero anozochengetwa mune yakarongeka mameseji faira, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa uye kugadzira iyo terminal hwindo kune yako kuravira.
Microsoft haisisiri kunatsa iyo iripo Windows koni uye iri kugadzira imwe nyowani kubva kutanga, ichifunga kutora nzira nyowani. Windows Terminal inoisa uye inomhanya mukufambirana neiyo iripo Windows Console application inobuda mubhokisi.
Sei basa iri
Kana a Windows 10 mushandisi anotangisa Cmd/PowerShell/etc, maitiro akasungirirwa kune akajairwa Console muenzaniso anotangwa. Iyo itsva terminal's kumisikidza injini inobvumira vashandisi veWindows kugadzira akawanda maprofiles kune ese avanoda mabhomba / maapplication / maturusi, angave muPowerShell, Command Prompt, Ubuntu, kana kunyange SSH yekubatanidza kuAzure kana IoT zvishandiso.
Aya maprofayiri anogona kupa iwo ega musanganiswa wedhizaini uye saizi yefonti, matema emavara, mazinga ekudzima kana kujeka. Uye zvakare, vashandisi vanozokwanisa kusarudza nyowani monospace font kuita kuti iyo terminal hwindo itaridzike yazvino uye inotonhorera. Iyi font ine programmer ligatures; ichaitwa kuti iwanikwe pachena uye kuchengetwa mudura rayo.
Mabhenefiti makuru eiyo itsva Windows command interface akawanda ma tabo uye mavara akanaka. Tsigiro yematabo akawanda yaionekwa sechikumbiro chakanyanya kukumbirwa chekusimudzira terminal. Mavara akanaka anowanikwa nekuda kweinjini yekupa yakavakirwa paDirectWrite/DirectX, yakashongedzerwa neGPU kukurumidza.
Injini inoratidza mameseji icons, glyphs uye akakosha mavara anowanikwa mumafonti, anosanganisira Chinese, Japanese neKorea ideograms (CJK), emoji, powerline zviratidzo, zvidhori uye programming ligatures. Uye zvakare, injini iyi inopa mavara nekukurumidza kupfuura iyo GDI yakamboshandiswa mukoni.
Kudzokera kumashure kunoenderana kunoramba kuri muhurongwa hwakazara, kunyangwe iwe uchikwanisa kuedza Windows Terminal kana uchida.
Chronology: kuti zvichaitika sei
Microsoft ichapa Windows Terminal kuburikidza neMicrosoft Store mukati Windows 10 uye ivandudze nguva dzose. Nenzira iyi, vashandisi vachagara vari kufambidzana neshanduro dzichangoburwa uye zvigadziriso zvezvino - pasina kana imwe yekuedza.
Microsoft inoronga kuvhura terminal nyowani munguva ino yechando iri kuuya. Kamwe Microsoft yaburitsa Windows Terminal 1.0, vagadziri vacharamba vachishanda pane akawanda maficha atove kumashure.
Windows Terminal uye Windows Console Source Code paGitHub.
Chii chinogona kutimirira mune ramangwana?
Iko mukana wekuti Microsoft ichashandisa yayo Linux kernel kune zvimwe zvinangwa, semuenzaniso, kugadzira yayo Linux kugovera, inoita senge fungidziro nhasi.
Mhedzisiro yacho ingangoenderana nekuti Microsoft inokwanisa kuwana kudiwa kwakakosha kwechigadzirwa chakadaro, uye ndeapi mikana yekushambadzira yakadai inogona kuvhura, anodaro Charles King.
Anofunga kuti tarisiro yekambani yeramangwana rinoonekwa ichave pakugadzira Windows neLinux kuwedzera kuenderana uye kupindirana kune mumwe nemumwe.
Joshua Schwartz anotenda kuti munyaya iyi zvichave zvakakosha kuyera kuti mari inoshandiswa mubasa iri ichava chii uye kuti chii chichadzoka pairi. Dai Microsoft yaive kambani diki nhasi, ingangoita zvese zvinoenderana neLinux. Nekudaro, kutakura zvese zviri kuitika zviripo kubva kuMicrosoft kuenda kune yekuzvarwa Linux architecture nhasi inoita senge inodhura uye yakaoma purojekiti isinga kwanise kubhadhara zvakanaka. Vanoda Linux vachawana yavo Linux uye iyo yakakosha yekuvaka icharamba yakasimba.
Apple payakadzoreredza Mac OS muna 2000, sisitimu yekushandisa yaive yakavakirwa paBSD Unix, yakafanana neLinux pane DOS. Nhasi, vhezheni itsva yeMicrosoft Windows iri kugadzirwa zvichibva paLinux.
Zvichida suo idzva riri kutizarurira?
Microsoft's Linux kernel inogona kugadzira nzira yekudyidzana kukuru pakati peWindows masevhisi neLinux inoshanda system. Muchidimbu, izvi zviri kuitika neMicrosoft zvinoratidza kuti Microsoft pachayo inotonzwisisa: nhasi kune vanenge vasina vatengi vakasara vanosarudza kuvapo munyika ine zvese Windows.
Izvo zvine musoro zvakanyanya kushandisa heterogeneous tekinoroji uye masisitimu anonyatso kusangana nebhizinesi zvinodiwa uye chaiwo anoshanda mamiriro.
Mubvunzo wakakura wehungwaru ndewekuti, ndeapi mikana mitsva yehurongwa inovhurwa neMicrosoft platform pachayo?
Azure, Microsoft's Cloud ecosystem, yatopa rutsigiro rwakakura rweLinux. Pakutanga, Windows yaitsigira Linux zvakanaka uchishandisa chaiwo michina.
Shanduko dzakakosha dziri kuitika nhasi imhaka yekuti ikozvino maLinux maitiro achamhanya ekuzvarwa paWindows kernel, zvinoreva kuti kushanda neLinux kubva kuWindows kuchave nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura pamakina chaiwo. Zvingangoitika kuti semhedzisiro, Azure inozvipfumisa neyakazara dura remainjiniya vachishandisa Linux pachiyero cheindasitiri.
Source: www.habr.com