Hurongwa hwadzoka muhupfumi

Data huru yakagadzira mikana mitsva yeramangwana re-capitalist. Asi kuti titore mukana wavo, democracy yedu inofanirwa kukura.

Apo USSR yakaparara, nyaya yekuronga hupfumi yakaita seyakagadziriswa zvachose. Mukurwisana pakati pemusika uye chirongwa, musika wakakunda kukunda kwakasimba. Makore makumi matatu mushure mekudonha kweBerlin Wall, mutongo hauchanyatsojeka. Nhaurirano dzedzidzo nedzezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pekuronga hupfumi hwenyika dziri kukura pasi rose

Kubva kumushanduri: tekinoroji inoshandura hupenyu, kunyangwe mamwe mamiriro ezvehupfumi asingazungunuke anogona kudonha. Heino chinyorwa chipfupi pamusoro pekuti sei kuronga kwehupfumi kwadzokera mukutarisa.

Avhareji yenguva yekuverenga: 5 maminitsi

Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvekudzoka kusingatarisirwi. Kutanga, Kuderera kukuru kwe2008. Dambudziko iri harina kungoburitsa pachena kusarongeka kwemisika, asi kuedza kuribata kwakabatanidza kupindira kukuru kwehurumende, zvemari nekudzora. Munyika yepashure-2008, kukunda kweiyo "yemahara uye yakajeka" musika nzira hairatidzike yekupedzisira.

Chechipiri, dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza. Kana iri nyaya yebudiriro inoenderera mberi, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga nezvekuronga, asi vanodaidza kuti chimwe chinhu. Iye zvino nyanzvi dzinonyanya kutaura nezve "mamiriro" ezvakatipoteredza anotungamira kune ramangwana risina mahydrocarbon. Muhurukuro yeGreen New Deal, iyo yakamuka mushure mekunge Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez atsigira chirongwa ichi, izwi rekuti "kuronga" hariwanzo kunzwika. Asi iyo pfungwa yekuisa pasi sarudzo dzekugadzira uye mari kune zvibodzwa zvenguva refu, pane purofiti, yatove kufamba. Kuronga kwehupfumi kunobva pane izvi.

Chikonzero chechitatu kugadzirwa kweruzivo rwemichina. Nhoroondo, nzira dzekuronga dzakatarisana neinozivikanwa se "dambudziko reruzivo." Hutongi hweSocialist hwezana ramakore rechi20 hwakaedza kutsiva zviratidzo zvemitengo zvekugovera uye kudiwa nekuronga mberi. Izvi zvaifanirwa kutungamira kune kumwe kugovaniswa kwezviwanikwa (basa, zviwanikwa zvechisikigo), uye, semugumisiro, kuita kuti hupfumi husanyanya kubatwa nedambudziko nekushaikwa kwemabasa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, izvi zvaida kugona kufanofembera izvo zvinoda kusangana uye kutaurirana iyi data kune zvikamu zvekugadzira.

Kufanoronga kwakundikana zvechokwadi muzana remakore rechi20. Izvo vatengi vanoda, yakawanda sei yavanoda - idzi nyaya mbiri hadzina kutariswa zvinobudirira zvakakwana mukati mechirongwa. Zvakanga zvisingabviri kuunganidza data inodiwa kurongedza basa rehupfumi. Kugadzira chirongwa, munhu anofanirwa kuunganidza ruzivo padanho remacroeconomic, panguva imwechete achitarisana nekusavimbika kusingadzivisiki mukugadzirwa uye shanduko mune zvinodiwa nevatengi. Uyezve, inofanira kuitwa nenguva. Kukanganisa mukutaura kwezvinodiwa uye inertia yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvakatungamira sisitimu kumagumo akafa.

Imwe yemibvunzo mikuru yezana ramakore rechi21 ndeiyi: maalgorithms uye data hombe inoshandura mamiriro edambudziko iri? “Iyo huru data revolution inogona kumutsiridza hupfumi hwakarongwa”, Yakadaro chikamu cheFinancial Times munaGunyana 2017. Digital mapuratifomu chishandiso chine simba chekuisa pakati uye kutonga ruzivo. Kusiyana nezvakaitika muUSSR, iyi centralization haina kufambiswa nevanhu vane hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuziva zvinotungamira mukukanganisa nehuwori. Inotungamirirwa nealgorithms.

Amazon inoziva zvakawanda nezvezvinodiwa nevatengi muzvikamu zvakasiyana. Dhata huru inoita kuti zvikwanise kusanganisa macroeconomic (kana kuwanda) kurongeka neiyo microeconomic (kana qualitative) kurongeka. Mapuratifomu anokwanisa kuunganidza huwandu hukuru hweruzivo ipapo, panguva imwe chete achitevera zvido zvemunhu. Soviet Gosplan haina kumbokwanisa kuita izvi.

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software yave chishandiso chikuru chekutonga mune ese maindasitiri nesevhisi zvikamu. Simba ERPs inopa yakazara, chaiyo-nguva yekuona ecosystem umo mafemu anoshanda. Izvi zvinonyanya kunatsiridza manejimendi uye shanduko kugona.
Walmart inoshandisa HANA software kutyaira hunyanzvi. Dhata inotorwa kubva kune 245 miriyoni vatengi, pachiyero chemirioni imwe yekutengeserana paawa, kubva 17 vatengesi zvichibva pane zvemukati mafemu chiitiko, uye kunyange ekunze bhizinesi-inokanganisa data (mamiriro ekunze, magariro enhau, zviratidzo zvehupfumi) ndiyo yakagadziriswa yekuongorora. bvisa mhinduro kumatambudziko akatarisana nekambani.

Zvisinei, algorithms inogona kunge iri socialists. Zvinogoneka here kuti Amazon, Google kana Germany's Industry 4.0 chirongwa chiri kugadzirira remangwana rehupfumi rehupfumi? Nharo iyi inogadzirwa naLee Phillips naMikhail Rozworski mubhuku ravo richangoburwa People's Republic of Walmart. Alibaba boss Jack Ma vakagashira zano iri zvakanyanya:

Kwemakore zana apfuura takaona kuti hupfumi hwemusika ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa, asi mumaonero angu, kuchinja kukuru kwakaitika mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, uye hupfumi hwakarongwa huri kuwedzera kuwana simba. Sei? Nekuti nekuwana kune ese marudzi e data, isu tave kuona iyo isingaonekwe ruoko rwemusika.

Kuronga zviri pachena kuti harisi dambudziko rezvemari. Ane zvematongerwo enyika. Zvinoda kutora kutonga kwezvisarudzo zvakakosha zvekugadzira izvo zvinokanganisa nzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu hweveruzhinji, uye hukama pakati penzanga nemasikirwo. Naizvozvo, izvi zvinoreva kudzamisa democracy.

Muzana ramakore rechi 20, kuronga zvoupfumi kwaida gadziriro dzezvematongerwe enyika dzine chiremera. MuUSSR, iyo Gosplan bureaucracy yakasarudza kunaka uye huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa, izvo zvinoda kugutsa uye izvo zvisingaite. Izvi zvakaitwa kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Asi hukama uhwu pakati pehudzvanyiriri nehurongwa haudzivisiki. Mushure mezvose, capitalism inosimudzirawo hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika, sezvinoratidzwa nekukura kwekurudyi kwepopulism muhurumende.

Ino ndiyo nguva yekugadzira mukugadzira masangano ekubatanidza kutonga kwedemocracy yehupfumi nekusunungurwa kwemunhu kubva mukushandisa. Kuronga kwehupfumi kunofanirwa kuenderera kubva pasi zvichikwira. Pakave nekuedzwa kwakawanda nedemocracy "yekutora chikamu" kana "yekuronga" mumakore makumi maviri apfuura kana zvakadaro. Kusvika nanhasi, zvisinei, mapoka anotarisisa, vatongi vevagari vemo, mabhajeti ekutanga, kana makonferensi ekubvumirana haasi kushandiswa kukanganisa sarudzo dzekugadzira.

Muzivi wechiFrench Dominique Bourg anotsigira Gungano reRamangwana. Kuburikidza nemutemo, inogona kuve nebasa repakati-uye-refu-refu-refu mapurojekiti eruzhinji, seaya anokanganisa kudzikiswa kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kugadzirisa. Gungano rinofanira kupiwa simba rekuita zvisarudzo pamusoro pemabasa ehupfumi. Masangano emazuva ano edemocracy inomiririra acharamba aripo, asi achavandudzwa kuti asangane nezvinonetsa zvemuzana ramakore rechi21.

Chinangwa ndechekukunda matambudziko ehupfumi uye kuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuronga kwehupfumi hweDemocratic chishandiso chekudzoreredza chiito chemubatanidzwa uye, nekufamba kwenguva, kuwana nzira itsva yekuzvimirira.

Nerutsigiro rweTeregiramu chiteshi Zvematongerwo enyika zveupfumi

Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. Nyorera mu, Munogamuchirwa.

Plan kana musika?

• Free market competition

• Musika une zvirambidzo zvehurumende (Keynesianism)

• Kuronga kweDemocratic kubva pasi zvichikwira

• Hurumende kuronga kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi

441 vashandisi vakavhota. 94 vashandisi vakaramba.

Source: www.habr.com