Kudzidza Chirungu kubva mumitambo nemabhuku kunonakidza uye kunoshanda chaizvo. Uye kana mutambo nebhuku zvakabatanidzwa kuita imwe nharembozha, zvakare zviri nyore. Zvakazoitika kuti mugore rapfuura ndave zvishoma nezvishoma kujairana nemhando ye "gamebooks" yefoni; Kubva pamigumisiro yekuzivana, ndakagadzirira kubvuma kuti iyi inonakidza, yepakutanga uye isinganyatsozivikanwi yebazi remitambo kana mabhuku. Muchinyorwa ichi chekuyedza cheSkyeng, ndichazunungusa "mutambo" wekare nekuongorora vamiriri vanonyanya kufadza veiyo genre nevabudisi vavo.
Asi kutanga, nhoroondo shoma.
Kare kare, kare muzana remakore rapfuura, ndaishandisa mabhuku nemitambo yepakombiyuta kubatanidza ruzivo rweChirungu rwandakawana kuchikoro. Yakanga iri pre-Internet nguva, saka mabhuku aigadzirwa nebepa uye matoyi akagadzirwa nemafloppy disks. Nzira idzi dzine zvadzakanakira nezvadzaiva dzakaipa. Mabhuku acho akanga ari nyore zvikuru kuwana, akanga ane mashoko akapfuma, uye pakupedzisira, aigona kuraviwa kupi nokupi uye nguva ipi neipi; nerumwe rutivi, vanoratidzwa neimwe sarudzo - kana ndisina kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu, ndakachisvetuka, ndichitarisira kuzozvinzwisisa gare gare: zvakanaka, handisi kuwana duramazwi munzira yepasi. Matoyi (uye aya aive maquests) haana kukanganwira kusava nehanya kwakadaro - kana iwe usina kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu, iwe hauna kuenderera mberi, wakarasa yakakosha nguva yekombuta, semhedzisiro - kutarisisa kwakanyanya uye kunyatso dzidza kwemazwi matsva. Uyezve, mirairo yaifanira kuiswa muzvinyorwa, saka zvakanga zvisingabviri kukanganisa mumashoko. Rumwe rutivi rwemari nderekuti kune magwaro mashoma mumitambo, uye hunhu hwavo hahuna kugara hwakanakira.
Iye zvino zvatava nemakomputa muhomwe dzedu ane simba rakapetwa kazana kupfuura akanaka ekare 286s, tinogona kuverenga nekutamba chero kupi pasina matambudziko. Isu tinewo mukana wekubatanidza zvikomborero zvekudzidza mutauro kubva mumabhuku nemitambo, tichishandisa "mabhuku emitambo" - mabhuku ane zvinhu zvemutambo. Pano, mushure mechitsauko chimwe nechimwe, unosarudza kuenderera mberi nechirongwa, uye kuitira kuti sarudzo ive yakarurama, unoda kunzwisisa zviri kuitika. Tichataura nezvavo.
Nyaya yematemu
Kune mhando mbiri dzakada kufanana - ngano dzinopindirana (tinowanzodzidaidza kuti "mameseji quotes") uye mabhuku emitambo (anozivikanwawo sekusarudza ako ega mabhuku ekushanya, mabhuku ane danho rebazi). Munguva pfupi yapfuura, izvi zviitiko zvakada kubatanidzwa kuita chimwe, asi midzi yavo yakasiyana zvakanyanya.
Interactive fiction yakagadzirwa nevagadziri, uye zvese zvakatanga neAdventure, iyo yakapa rudzi zita rayo. Mushure meAdventure kwaive neZorks, ipapo Madzimambo uye Space Quests, uyezve zvese zvishoma nezvishoma zvakashanduka kuita Full Throttle. Muchinyakare "mameseji quests", pachinzvimbo chemufananidzo pane mavara, pane kudzvanya pachiratidziro iwe unofanirwa kunyora mameseji mirairo ("vhura gonhi", "tora foshoro"), uye iwo achiripo mune imwe nzira kana imwe. . Rimwe zuva ndichanyora chinyorwa pamusoro pemamiriro avo ezvinhu, asi ikozvino ndinogona kutumira avo vanofarira kubasa rangu makore makumi maviri apfuura kumagazini "Nyika yeMitambo", iyo inogona kuwanikwa mukati. (yambiro: mavara mazhinji!).
"Mabhuku emitambo" akaonekwa sechimiro chekunyora, akagadzirwa nevanyori, akatengeswa muzvitoro zvemabhuku kumashure kwe30s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Aya ndiwo mabhuku akajairwa emapepa umo muverengi anopihwa rusununguko rudiki rwekusarudza kukwidziridzwa kwechirongwa. Panopera chitsauko chimwe nechimwe, anosarudza zvichatevera uye anowana peji chaiyo. Muma70s, ivo vakashandukawo, vachienda kumitambo yekutamba-yetafura, vaive nemadhayisi kurwa, makadhi ane machipisi anofamba uye humwe hunhu hwemutambo, asi hwaro hwakaramba huri hunyanzvi hwekunyora (zvisinei hunyanzvi), iyo Adventure yakanga isina zvose .
Iyi nhaka yakatungamira kune mumwe musiyano pakati peIF nemabhuku emitambo. Muna IF, mutambi aive nerumwe rusununguko rwekuita muchikamu chega chega chemutambo (aigona kuongorora nzvimbo, kufamba pakati padzo, kushandisa zvinhu uye kugadzirisa mapuzzle), asi kazhinji chirongwa chakaramba chiri mumutsara uye munguva pfupi yaizotungamira kune imwe chete. kupera. Mumabhuku emitambo, panenge pasina rusununguko rwekuita mukati mezvitsauko, asi pakati pavo iwe unofanirwa kuita sarudzo dzinoisa davi nyaya, uye panogara paine akati wandei magumo.
Iye zvino nzira dzeiyi nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzakayambuka uye dzakabatana, asi nekuda kwekujekesa murugwaro urwu ndichangotaura nezvemabhuku emitambo.
Saka ngatiende!
Kambani diki yekuAmerica inongoshanda muzvinyorwa-zvakavakirwa nyaya chete ine minimalist dhizaini. Chikamu chekunyora chiri kumberi pano; aya mabhuku chaiwo, apo zvisarudzo zvako zvinokanganisa kukura kwechirongwa, asi mauri iwe haugone "kurasikirwa", unogona chete kusvika kwakasiyana magumo. Mhedzisiro yeiyi nzira ndeyekutarisisa kukuru kune kunaka kwechirongwa uye mutauro. Imwe mhedzisiro ndeyekuti hapana chekuita pano kana iwe usinganzwisise zviri kutaurwa, saka ivo vakanyanya kukodzera kune Yepamusoro nhanho yeruzivo rwemutauro.
Sarudzo yeMitambo yakavhura mutauro wayo wekunyora wekunyora "mabhuku ebazi" kumunhu wese, uye vanhu vakati wandei vakatora mukana iwoyo. Mabhuku avo anotengeswa kana kupihwa mahara pasi pechinyorwa .
Mabhuku emitambo anowanikwa kumapuratifomu ese, uye zvitsauko zvekutanga zvinogona kuverengerwa mahara mubrowser - izvo zviri nyore kana uine. yeChrome: unogona kushandura zvinyorwa uye kuwedzera mazwi ekudzidza.
Kazhinji, mabhuku ese eSarudzo yeMitambo akanaka. Unogona kutanga nezvisikwa zvavo zvekutanga , uye kubva muuzivi ; Hazvisi nyore kusarudza akati wandei ekurudziro pano.
Chigadzirwa kubva kuHosted, i.e. yakanyorwa nemunyori akazvimiririra, asi munyori uyu, Heather Albano, akambonyora akati wandei "official" mabhuku eCoG. Hodgepodge inotyisa uye inoshamisa inobudirira yeSherlock Holmes, Jack the Ripper, Jekyll naHyde, classic fantasy, Victorian England uye steampunk. Nyaya yacho inonakidza, izere nemamonyoro asingatarisirwe nemaforogo ekuronga. Sarudzo yakanakisa yekutanga kujairana nemhando yauchaverenga nekuverengazve, uchichinja nyaya nguva yega yega. Kuwedzera kukurudzira kudzokorora kutamba, kune "zvinobudirira" zvinovhurwa nekuita zvimwe zvinhu zvaunoita.
Bhuku remutambo rinotaurira nyaya yehupenyu hwekati (kana makati) yakatorwa kumba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo. Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza kana shit mutireyi kana mune shangu dzako, kanda vase kubva pasherufu kana purr pamabvi ako, kubvuma kudya chikafu kana kumirira foie gras. Zvingaita sekuti hupenyu hwekatsi hahuna kuzara nezviitiko, asi iri ndiro bhuku rinonyanya kusimba muCoG catalogue: kune mazana matanhatu ezviuru mazwi, kupfuura muHondo neRunyararo. Inofanirwa kune vanoda katsi.
Kambani yeMexico yakaisa simba rakawanda uye rudo mukuvandudza injini, asi iri kuseri kwevakwikwidzi vayo maererano nezviri mukati. Mabhuku (pano anonzi pathbooks) anotanga nekutanga kunonakidza, kubva kwaunotarisira chimwe chinhu chikuru uye chinonakidza, asi pakarepo mushure mekutanga kunouya kamwe kamwe, kwakaunyana magumo. Panguva imwecheteyo, muverengi haana mikana yakawanda yekupesvedzera chirongwa - pane maforogo mashanu kana matanhatu mubhuku, anoitika munzvimbo dzisinganzwisisike uye pesvedzero yavo pane nyaya haisi pachena. Nekudaro, ese aya mabhuku anogona kuverengwa kamwe (uye dzimwe nguva akawanda) mahara, uye saizi yavo diki inogona kufadza vadzidzi vemitauro. Kune zvakare mabhuku emitambo evana!
Vakuru: Zvikanganiso zvekare (, ) ruzha rwakaiswa mune dystopian post-Hondo Yenyika 3 ramangwana, ine marongero akati dae Dick's The Man in the High Castle. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvose zvinopera nekugadzirisa. - nyaya pamusoro pekushamisika kunoshamisa musango, iyo zvakare haina chokuita nechirongwa.
Yevana: - kuratidzwa kwakangoerekana kwaitika kuti mubhuku revana iyo pfupi uye yakapusa kuronga nzira inoshanda zvikuru.
Vagadziri kubva kuBarcelona avo, pamusoro pemabhuku emitambo, vanogadzirawo kushanyira mamuseum. Takatanga ne "mabhuku ebazi" echinyakare (Deadman Diaries), asi nemimhanzi uye dhizaini yakapfuma, uye ikozvino takagadzira yedu yekutamba-yekutamba sisitimu nemadhayisi uye tiri kunyora anonakidza ekuita mafirimu (Heavy Metal Thunder). Pasinei nokuti chikamu chetatu chinoratidzika kunge chakarongwa, aya mafirimu ekuita haashandi pane yechinomwe Android, saka handisi kuzonyora pamusoro pavo. Pamusoro pezvo, Cubus ine chigadzirwa chisingaenzaniswi zvachose pasina masystem ekurwisa uye kurwa zvisina tsarukano.
The Frankenstein Wars
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Zvichida iro rakanakisa bhuku remitambo muunganidzwa uyu rinotaura nyaya yeimwe nhoroondo yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX kuFrance, uko vapanduki vakawana diaries yeFrankenstein, vakadzidza kugadzira zvikara kubva muvarwi vakadonha, uye vakamutsazve chitunha chaNapoleon, vachimuita Darth Vader mumvura yemvura. Vatambi vaviri vakuru ihama idzo, nechido chekupedzisira, vanozviwana vari kumativi akapesana epamberi. Kana kuti avo vanozviwana vari kudivi rimwe chete zviri kwauri kuti usarudze; zvakawanda mubasa iri zvinogona kuchinja zvakanyanya nesarudzo yemuverengi. Iko kune zvakare kupfura kwemavara, kurwa kwemavara ehunyanzvi uye ruzha rukuru. Dzimwe nguva timer inobatidzwa: zvimwe zvikamu zvinofanirwa kupfuudzwa nekukurumidza; Kana ruzivo rwako rwemutauro rusina kukwana, izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko.
Vakomana vechidiki vanobva kuCambridge, vane zvisikwa vanoita zvavanogona kunyepedzera se "chaiyo" mitambo, yasara de facto mabhuku emitambo. Kune akawanda magiraidhi, animation, ruzha, mhedzisiro uye mamwe ese mabhero uye muridzo zvisingagoneke mumabhuku emapepa, asi zvakadaro chirongwa chiri pasi pesarudzo dzako, uye idzi sarudzo dzinofanirwa kuitwa zvichibva pane chinyorwa chawakaverenga. Inkle inoshandira pamwe nevagadziri vemitambo nevashambadzi - ivo vanogadzira mapurojekiti ePenguin USA, kusanganisira, semuenzaniso, chikumbiro chekuyeuka nhetembo dzeChirungu. , uye zvakare nyora nhaurirano dzematoyi uchishandisa yavo yakavhurika . Nekuti vakomana vacho vadiki uye hudyu, yavo mitambo inoburitswa iOS kutanga, uye chete ipapo, kana vaine rombo rakanaka, kune mamwe mapuratifomu.
Bhuku remitambo rakavakirwa pa "Munyika Yose muMazuva makumi masere", izvo zvinotora nzira yakasununguka kune kwakabva zvinhu. Chaizvoizvo, mazuva makumi masere aJules Verne asara pano, pamwe nenhamba yezviitiko kubva kumabasa ake akasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyika iyo Passepartout (iwe) neFogg kufamba inotorwa kubva kutsika yesteampunk - zvitima zvepasi pemvura zvinomhanya kubva kuLondon kuenda kuParis, zvikepe zvemhepo zvinobhururuka, vashandi vanodzorwa nemarobhoti, uye chrome-inopenya zvishamiso zvetekinoroji zviri kwese kwese. Chaizvoizvo, chinhu chikuru chemutambo ndiko kuongorora kwenyika yayo panguva yerwendo. Iwe unogona kurasikirwa kana iwe usina nguva yekusvika kunhanho yekupedzisira, kana iwe ukapererwa nemari kana hutano - asi izvi hazvina basa zvachose, nekuti rwendo rutsva rumwe rwakasiyana zvakanyanya nerwekare, kune mazana. yenzira dzinogoneka pasi rose. Uye, nenzira, iyi ndiyo mhare maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko ari muunganidzwa uyu: kune 80 zviuru, inenge imwe nehafu "Hondo neRugare"!
Kugadziriswa kwebhuku raSteve Jackson rakakurumbira 80s RPG classic, chikamu cheFighting Fantasy series (yakanyorwa naJackson naIan Livingstone, mumwe wevakatanga Games Workshop). Zvinhu zvemutambo pano zvinotora nzvimbo yakawanda, unofanirwa kutarisa hutano hwako uye kurwisa vavengi nebakatwa nemashiripiti, asi hwaro huchiri mavara; Hondo dzakawanda dzinogona kudzivirirwa nekunyatsoverenga nyaya, uye muhondo iwe unofanirwa kuterera kune zvinyorwa zvemavara kuitira kufungidzira kuti ndeipi nzira iri nani kushandisa. Zvitsinga zvemashiripiti zvakaunganidzwa kubva mumabhii, kune zvitsinga zvakawanda, uye zvinofanirwa kubatwa nemusoro; zvisinei, iwo akafanana nemashoko, anogona kubatsira pakudzidza mutauro (HOT - fireball, FOG - kupofumadza, nezvimwewo). Zvikamu zvina (paivewo nemabhuku mana) akabatana, saka unofanirwa kutanga kubva kune wekutanga. Zvinogona kuita sezvipfupi pamadhora mashanu, asi zvinoisa hwaro uye zvinobva zvawedzera kunakidza kubva ipapo.
Zvakanaka, sebhonasi - yemahara desktop demo yeInk injini inonzi . Iri ibhuku rinopfuura rinogoneka rekushandisa kweinenge hafu yeawa.
Classic computer gamebooks - kambani yeAustralia Tin Man Games. Ava vakomana vebhuku remitambo vakadya imbwa inopfuura imwe, uye kana Inkle neimwe nzira yakakwanisa kuisa maoko avo paUroyi!, Zvino zvimwe zvese kubva Kurwisa Kufungidzira zviri ipapo, pamwe nemitambo yavo yakawanda. Uye iyi ndiyo mitambo yekutamba-yechokwadi kupfuura mabhuku - vane dhizaini yekutamba, kunyangwe yepakutanga, hunhu hune midziyo, uye anogara achibatanidzwa mukurwa (inogona kudzivirirwa, asi nekuda kweizvi iwe unofanirwa kusimudzira. humwe hunyanzvi uye mokungurutsa dhayisi zvakare). Pakutanga kwendima, iwe unogona kusarudza iyo yekuoma nhanho, kubva kune hutsinye usingakwanise "kudzokera kumashure" kune "muverengi", uko hondo dzese dzinogadziriswa otomatiki mukuda kwako. Ini ndinokurudzira kusarudza sarudzo iri pakati (nenhamba isingaverengeki ye "bookmarks") - zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zveaya mabasa hazvina kunyanya kushamisa, asi zvinoshanda nemazvo sechikamu chemutambo.
GA iGamebook Adventures yakatevedzana, chigadzirwa chemureza cheTin Man Games; mitambo irimo haina hurongwa hunoenderana, saka iwe unofanirwa kutanga neazvino. Mutambi mukuru, mbavha-muzivisi, anotumirwa kunoona mamiriro ekutsakatika kusinganzwisisike kwemumiriri mumukuru wepedyo; Asvika, anozviwana amene ari mugomba rakadzika-dzika rezvinoitika zvechienzi zvakapoteredza kumutsidzirwa kwamwari Azuria. Mutambo wacho wakakura, hurongwa hwakanyorwa zvakanaka, uye kurongeka pachayo hakuna kujairika (uye kunowedzera kusajairika sezvazviri kuenderera mberi). Zvakanaka, yekuwedzera ndiyo yakagadziridzwa-yekutamba-yekuita sisitimu yeTin Man Mitambo, kwaunogona kuedza neupenzi kutema zvese nedemo, kana iwe unogona kuverenga zvinyorwa uye kutsvaga maworkaround. Kune madiki asina kutsoropodza chirongwa glitches, asi izvi zvinotarisirwa kubva kune yakakura kudaro uye basa rebazi.
Kutora kusingatarisirwi kwechinyakare cheTin Man Mitambo: yemagetsi vhezheni yeRyan North's bepa gamebook, iyo yaakabudirira kwazvo kukwidza mari paKickstarter. Kudzokorora kupenga uye kusetsa kunoshamisa kweHamlet, maunogona "kutamba" saHamlet, Ophelia uye baba vaHamlet (uyo anofungidzira anokurumidza kuva mumvuri wake). Iri ipurojekiti yekunyora, kwete mutambo, asi pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvekugadzira chirongwa. Kuziva kwekirasi kunodiwa kuti unzwisise majee emunhu, zvisinei, kuti zvive nyore, iyo "Shakespearean zano" yakanyorwa nedehenya raYorick pazviratidziro zvekusarudza. Mukuwedzera, kune anopfuura zana emagumo, kusanganisira kugadzirwa kwaOphelia kwekupisa kwepakati uye adventures yepasi pemvura yemumvuri wababa vaHamlet, avo vakangoerekana vasarudza kuva ichthyologist. Nenzira, kuenderera mberi pamusoro peRomeo naJuliet .
IP kubva mudunhu reWashington, Sam Landstrom's Delight Games rudzi rwe "Tin Man kune varombo." Iyi zvakare mitambo yekutamba-mabhuku, asi huswa huri pano hudiki uye mvura itete. Asi zvese zvinogoneka mu "freemium" modhi: yakapedza chikamu chimwe cheiyo nhevedzano, yakaunganidzwa "mari", yakavhura inotevera - kana kutenga "mari" yemari chaiyo (ivo vanokandawo mukati kana iwe ukatangisa application zuva rega rega). Sam munyori ane mukurumbira, ane akawanda akatevedzana, uye anokwezva vanhu vanobva kunze. Ose ari kure nenyeredzi, saka hapana chikonzero chekumirira kuwanikwa kwemabhuku. Asi ndekupi kumwe kwaungawane mabhuku emitambo akawanda emhando dzakasiyana-siyana kune vakasiyana-siyana vateereri, kusanganisira vana?
Izvi zvinopedzisa ongororo yanhasi. Zvakanaka, sezvo ichi chiri chinyorwa chekuyedza, ndichatenda zvikuru nemhinduro: tinoda kunzwisisa kuti zvinyorwa zvakadaro zvinonakidza sei kune vaverengi vaHabr. Zvakakodzera here kuenderera mberi?
Source: www.habr.com