Nhasi tiri kuparura mubairo wesainzi unonzi Ilya Segalovich . Ichapihwa kune zvakabudirira mumunda wesainzi yekombuta. Undergraduate uye postgraduate vadzidzi kana kusarudza vatariri vesainzi. Vachahwina vachasarudzwa nevamiriri venharaunda yezvidzidzo uye Yandex. Iyo huru yekusarudza maitiro: zvinyorwa uye mharidzo pamisangano, pamwe nekupa mukusimudzira nharaunda.
Mhemberero yekutanga yekupa mubairo ichaitwa muna Kubvumbi. Sechikamu chemubairo, masayendisiti madiki anogashira zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu ezviuru zveRubles, uye nekuwedzera, ivo vachakwanisa kuenda kumusangano wepasirese, kushanda nemupi wezano uye kuita internship mudhipatimendi rekutsvaga reYandex. Vatariri veSainzi vachawana 350 zviuru rubles.
Pachiitiko chekutangwa kwemubairo, takafunga kutaura pano paHabrΓ© nezve nzira yekubudirira munyika yesainzi yekombuta. Vamwe vaverengi veHabr vatoziva nezvemaitiro aya, nepo vamwe vangave nemafungiro enhema pamusoro pavo. Nhasi tichavhara gaka iri - tichabata pamisoro mikuru yese, kusanganisira zvinyorwa, makonferensi, madhata uye kuendesa mazano esainzi mumasevhisi.
Kune masayendisiti ari mumunda wesainzi yekombuta, mucherechedzo mukuru wekubudirira kuburitswa kwebasa ravo resainzi pane imwe yemisangano yepamusoro yenyika. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga "checkpoint" yekuziva basa remuongorori. Semuyenzaniso, mumunda wekudzidza muchina zvakazara, Musangano Wepasi Pose weKudzidza Muchina (ICML) uye Musangano weNeural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS, yaimbova NIPS) inosiyaniswa. Kune akawanda makonferensi pane chaiwo nzvimbo dzeML, senge komputa kuona, kudzoreredza ruzivo, tekinoroji yekutaura, kududzira muchina, nezvimwe.
Sei kubudisa pfungwa dzako
Vanhu vari kure nesainzi yekombuta vangave nemafungiro asiriwo ekuti zvirinani kuchengeta iwo akakosha mazano zvakavanzika uye kuedza kuwana purofiti kubva mukusiyana kwavo. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwoiwo mumunda wedu akanyatsopesana. Chiremera chemusayendisiti chinotongwa nekukosha kwemabasa ake, nekuti kakawanda sei zvinyorwa zvake zvinodudzwa nemamwe masayendisiti (citation index). Ichi chinhu chakakosha chebasa rake. Munzveri anokwidziridza manera enyanzvi, achiva anoremekedzwa zvikuru munharaunda yake, kana bedzi akaramba achiita basa rakasimba rinobudiswa, achiva nomukurumbira, uye anoumba hwaro hwebasa ramamwe masayendisiti.
Zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvepamusoro (zvichida zvakanyanya) mhedzisiro yekubatana pakati pevaongorori kumayunivhesiti akasiyana nemakambani pasi rese. Nguva yakakosha uye yakakosha mubasa remutsvakurudzi ndipo paanowana mukana wekutsvaga nekupepeta mazano ari ega zvichienderana neruzivo rwake - asi kunyangwe mushure meizvi, vaanoshanda navo vanoramba vachimupa rubatsiro runokosha. Masayendisiti anobatsirana kugadzira mazano, kunyora zvinyorwa mukubatana - uye zvakanyanya kubatsira kwesainzi kusainzi, zvinomuitira nyore kuwana vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana.
Pakupedzisira, kuwanda uye kuwanikwa ruzivo ikozvino yakakura zvokuti vatsvakurudzi vakasiyana panguva imwe chete vanouya nemafungiro akafanana (uye anokosha zvechokwadi) esayenzi. Kana iwe ukasaburitsa zano rako, mumwe munhu angangoita zvekushambadzira iwe. "Mukundi" kazhinji haasi iye akauya nekuvandudzwa zvishoma kare, asi uyo akazvibudisa zvishoma kare. Kana - uyo akakwanisa kuburitsa pfungwa yacho zvizere, zvakajeka uye zvinogutsa sezvazvinogona.
Zvinyorwa uye datasets
Saka, chinyorwa chesainzi chakavakwa chakatenderedza pfungwa huru iyo muongorori anokurudzira. Pfungwa iyi nderemupiro wake kusainzi yekombuta. Chinyorwa chinotanga netsananguro yepfungwa, yakagadzirwa mumitsara mishoma. Izvi zvinoteverwa nechisumo chinotsanangura huwandu hwematambudziko anogadziriswa nerubatsiro rwekutsvagisa kwakarongwa. Tsanangudzo uye sumo zvinowanzonyorwa mumutauro wakapfava unonzwisiswa nevateereri vakawanda. Mushure mesumo, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa matambudziko anoratidzwa mumutauro wemasvomhu uye kuunza kunyorwa kwakasimba. Zvadaro, uchishandisa zvinyorwa zvakaunzwa, unofanirwa kugadzira chirevo chakajeka uye chakakwana chechinhu chetsvarakadenga yakarongwa, uye kuona misiyano kubva kune yakapfuura, nzira dzakafanana. Zvese zvirevo zvetioreti zvinofanirwa kutsigirwa nereferensi kune dzakambonyorwa humbowo, kana kuratidzwa zvakazvimirira. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nemimwe fungidziro. Semuenzaniso, iwe unogona kupa humbowo hwenyaya yacho kana paine huwandu husingaverengeki hwekudzidziswa data (mamiriro ari pachena asingasvikike) kana ivo vakazvimiririra zvachose kune mumwe nemumwe. Nechokunopera kwechinyorwa, musayendisiti anotaura nezve mhedzisiro yekuyedza iyo yaakakwanisa kuwana.
Kuti vaongorori vakanyoreswa nevarongi vemusangano vagone kubvumidza bepa, rinofanira kunge riine hunhu humwe kana humwe. Chinhu chikuru chinowedzera mikana yemvumo hutsva hwesainzi hwepfungwa yakarongwa. Kazhinji, hutsva hunoongororwa maererano nemafungiro agara aripo - uye basa rekuongorora harina kuitwa nemuongorori, asi nemunyori wechinyorwa pachake. Zvakanaka, munyori anofanira kutaurira zvakadzama munyaya pamusoro penzira dziripo uye, kana zvichibvira, dziratidze sezviitiko zvakakosha zvemaitiro ake. Nokudaro, musayendisiti anoratidza kuti nzira dzakagamuchirwa hadzisi kushanda nguva dzose, kuti iye akaagadzirisa uye akakurudzira yakafara, inoshanduka-shanduka uye naizvozvo inonyanya kushanda yezvinyorwa. Kana hutsva husingarambike, saka kana zvisina kudaro vaongorori vanoongorora chinyorwa chisina kudaro - semuenzaniso, vanogona kufuratira Chirungu chisina kunaka.
Kuti usimbise hutsva, zvinobatsira kubatanidza kuenzanisa nemaitiro aripo pane imwe kana akawanda dataset. Imwe neimwe yadzo inofanirwa kuve yakavhurika uye inogamuchirwa munzvimbo yezvidzidzo. Semuenzaniso, kune ImageNet mufananidzo repository uye dhatabhesi dzemasangano akadai seModified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) uye CIFAR (Canadian Institute For Advanced Research). Chinetso ndechekuti "yedzidzo" dataset inowanzosiyana muchimiro chemukati kubva kune chaiyo data iyo indasitiri inobata nayo. Yakasiyana data inoreva mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzenzira yakarongwa. Masayendisiti anoshandira indasitiri zvishoma anoedza kufunga nezve izvi uye dzimwe nguva anoisa zvirambidzo senge "pa data redu mhedzisiro yacho uye yakadai, asi paruzhinji dataset - zvakati nezvakati."
Izvo zvinoitika kuti iyo yakarongwa nzira "yakagadzirirwa" zvachose kune yakavhurika dhatabhesi uye haishande pane chaiyo data. Unogona kurwisa dambudziko iri rakajairika nekuvhura matsva, anomiririra dhatabheti, asi kazhinji isu tiri kutaura nezve zvakavanzika zvemukati izvo makambani haana kodzero yekuvhura. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanoita (dzimwe nguva zvakaoma uye zvinorwadza) kusazivikanwa kwedata - vanobvisa chero zvidimbu zvinonongedza kune mumwe munhu. Semuyenzaniso, zviso nenhamba mumifananidzo zvinodzimwa kana kuita kuti zvisanyorwa. Uye zvakare, kuitira kuti dhatabheti risangowanikwe kune wese munhu, asi kuti rive chiyero pakati pemasayendisiti pazviri nyore kuenzanisa pfungwa, hazvifanirwe kungoriburitsa chete, asiwo kunyora yakasiyana yakanyorwa chinyorwa pamusoro. iyo nezvakanakira zvayo.
Izvo zvakanyanya kuipa kana pasina akavhurika dataset mumusoro uri kudzidzwa. Ipapo muongorori anogona kungogamuchira mhedzisiro yakapihwa nemunyori pakutenda. Sezvineiwo, munyori anogona kutovafungira uye kuramba asingaonekwe, asi munzvimbo yezvidzidzo izvi hazvigoneke, nekuti zvinopesana nechishuwo cheruzhinji rwesainzi kugadzira sainzi.
Munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeML, kusanganisira kuona komputa, zvakajairika kubatanidza zvinongedzo kune kodhi (kazhinji kuGitHub) ine zvinyorwa. Izvo zvinyorwa pachazvo zvine kodhi diki kana pseudocode. Uye pano, zvakare, matambudziko anomuka kana chinyorwa chakanyorwa nemuongorori kubva kune kambani, uye kwete kubva kuyunivhesiti. Nekumisikidza, kodhi yakanyorwa mumubatanidzwa kana yekutanga yakanyorwa NDA. Vatsvagiri uye vavanoshanda navo vanofanirwa kushanda nesimba kuti vaparadzanise kodhi ine chekuita nepfungwa iri kutsanangurwa kubva mukati uye zvechokwadi yakavharwa repositori.
Mukana wekuburitswa unoenderanawo nekukoshera kwemusoro wakasarudzwa. Kukoshera kunotemerwa zvakanyanya nezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi: kana mubatanidzwa kana bhizinesi rekutanga richifarira kuvaka sevhisi nyowani kana kuvandudza riripo zvichibva pane zano kubva kuchinyorwa, izvo zvinowedzera.
Sezvatotaurwa, mapepa esainzi yekombuta haawanzo kunyorwa ega. Asi sekutonga, mumwe wevanyori anoshandisa nguva yakawanda uye simba kupfuura vamwe. Kubatsira kwake kune zvitsva zvesainzi ndiko kukuru. Mune rondedzero yevanyori, munhu akadaro anoratidzwa kutanga - uye mune ramangwana, kana achitaura nezvechinyorwa, vanogona kungotaura nezvake (semuenzaniso, "Ivanov et al" - "Ivanov nevamwe" rakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin). Nekudaro, mipiro yevamwe yakakoshawo zvakanyanya - zvikasadaro hazvigoneke kuve pane rondedzero yevanyori.
Ongorora maitiro
Mapepa anowanzomira kugamuchirwa mwedzi yakawanda musangano usati waitwa. Mushure mekunge chinyorwa chaendeswa, vaongorori vane 3-5 mavhiki ekuverenga, kuongorora, uye kutaura pazviri. Izvi zvinoitika maererano nemapofu ega ega, kana vanyori vasingaoni mazita evanoongorora, kana mapofu maviri, apo vaongorori pachavo havaoni mazita evanyori. Sarudzo yechipiri inoonekwa seyakasarura: mapepa mazhinji esainzi aratidza kuti mukurumbira wemunyori unopesvedzera sarudzo yemuongorori. Semuenzaniso, anogona kufunga kuti musayendisiti ane nhamba huru yezvinyorwa zvakatodhindwa ndeye priori yakakodzera kuyera kwepamusoro.
Uyezve, kunyange munyaya yemapofu maviri, muongorori angangofungidzira munyori kana vakashanda mumunda mumwe chete. Uye zvakare, panguva yekuongorora, chinyorwa chinogona kutoburitswa muArXiv dhatabhesi, iyo hombe repository yemapepa esainzi. Varongi vemusangano havarambidze izvi, asi vanokurudzira kushandisa zita rakasiyana uye rakasiyana abstract muzvinyorwa zve arXiv. Asi kana chinyorwa chacho chakaiswa ipapo, hazvisati zvichizova zvakaoma kuchiwana.
Kune nguva dzose vaongorori vakati wandei vanoongorora chinyorwa. Mumwe wavo anopihwa basa re meta-muongorori, uyo anofanirwa kungoongorora zvakatongwa nevamwe vake uye kuita sarudzo yekupedzisira. Kana vaongorori vasingabvumirani pachinyorwa, meta-muongorori anogona zvakare kuiverenga kuti ikwane.
Dzimwe nguva, mushure mekuongorora chiyero uye mhinduro, munyori ane mukana wekupinda muhurukuro nemuongorori; pane kunyange mukana wekumunyengetedza kuti achinje sarudzo yake (zvisinei, hurongwa hwakadaro hahushandi kumisangano yose, uye zvinotonyanya kuita zvishoma kupesvedzera zvakakomba mutongo). Muhurukuro, haugone kutaura kune mamwe mabasa esainzi, kunze kweaya atotaurwa muchinyorwa. Iwe unogona chete "kubatsira" muongorori kunzwisisa zviri nani zviri muchinyorwa.
Misangano nemagazini
Zvinyorwa zvesainzi yekombuta zvinowanzoendeswa kumisangano kupfuura kumagazini esainzi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinyorwa zvejenari zvine zvinodiwa zvinonyanya kunetsa kuzadzisa, uye maitiro ekuongorora nevezera anogona kutora mwedzi kana makore. Sainzi yemakombuta inzvimbo inokurumidza kukurumidza, saka vanyori kazhinji havadi kumirira kwenguva yakareba kuti ibudiswe. Zvisinei, chinyorwa chakatobvumwa kumusangano chinogona kuzowedzerwa (somuenzaniso, nokupa mibairo ine udzame) uye kubudiswa mujenari umo zvirambidzo zvemuchadenga zvisina kuomesesa.
Zviitiko pamusangano
Mamiriro ekuvapo kwevanyori vezvinyorwa zvakatenderwa pamusangano anotarwa nevanoongorora. Kana chinyorwa chikapihwa green light, saka iwe unowanzo kupihwa poster stand. A poster is a static slide ine pfupiso yechinyorwa nemifananidzo. Mamwe makamuri emusangano akazadzwa nemitsara yakareba yemaposta. Munyori anoshandisa chikamu chakakosha chenguva yake pedo neposter yake, achitaurirana nemasayendisiti vanofarira chinyorwa.
Imwe sarudzo ine mukurumbira zvishoma yekutora chikamu ihurukuro yemheni. Kana vaongorori vakaona chinyorwa chakakodzera rondedzero yekukurumidza, munyori anopihwa anenge maminetsi matatu kuti ataure kune vateereri vakawanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, hurukuro yemheni mukana wakanaka wekutaura nezvepfungwa yako kwete chete kune avo vakafarira posita ivo pachavo. Nekune rimwe divi, vashanyi veposter vanogadzirira vakagadzirira uye vakanyura mune yako chaiyo musoro wenyaya kupfuura wepakati muteereri muhoro. Naizvozvo, mushumo inokurumidza, iwe uchiri kuda kuve nenguva yekuunza vanhu kufambidzana.
Kazhinji, pakupera kwehurukuro yavo yemheni, vanyori vanotumidza nhamba yeposita kuitira kuti vateereri vagoiwana uye vanzwisise zviri nani chinyorwa.
Yekupedzisira, ine mukurumbira sarudzo i poster pamwe neratidziro yakazara yepfungwa, kana pasisina chikonzero chekumhanya kutaura nyaya.
Asi chokwadi, masayendisiti - kusanganisira vanyori vezvinyorwa zvakatenderwa - vanouya kumusangano unotevera kwete kungoratidzira. Kutanga, ivo vanowanzo tsvaga mapepa ane chekuita nemunda wavo nekuda kwezvikonzero zviri pachena. Uye chechipiri, zvakakosha kuti ivo vawedzere rondedzero yavo yevanobatika nechinangwa chebasa rekubatana redzidzo mune ramangwana. Uku hakusi kuvhima - kana, zvishoma, danho rayo rekutanga, iro rinoteverwa nekutsinhana kunobatsira kwemazano, budiriro uye basa rakabatana pane chimwe kana zvimwe zvinyorwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuburitsa network kumusangano wepamusoro kwakaoma nekuda kwekushaikwa kwese kwenguva yemahara. Kana, mushure mezuva rose rakapedzwa pamharidzo uye mukukurukurirana pamaposta, musayendisiti akachengeta simba rake uye atokunda jet lag, anobva aenda kune rimwe remapato mazhinji. Vanotambirwa nemakambani - nekudaro, mapato anowanzo kuve nehunhu hwekuvhima. Panguva imwecheteyo, vashanyi vazhinji vanozvishandisa kwete zvachose kuwana basa idzva, asi, zvakare, kune network. Manheru hapasisina mishumo uye mapepa - zviri nyore "kubata" nyanzvi yaunofarira.
Kubva pane pfungwa kusvika pakugadzirwa
Sainzi yekombuta ndeimwe yeashoma maindasitiri uko zvinofarirwa nemakambani uye ekutanga zvakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya nenharaunda yedzidzo. NIPS, ICML nemamwe makonferensi akafanana anokwezva vanhu vazhinji kubva kumaindasitiri, kwete kumayunivhesiti chete. Izvi zvakajairwa kumunda wesainzi yekombuta, asi zvinopesana kune mazhinji mamwe sainzi.
Kune rimwe divi, haasi ese mazano anoratidzwa muzvinyorwa anobva aenda mukugadzira kana kuvandudza masevhisi. Kunyangwe mukati mekambani imwe chete, muongorori anogona kupa kune vaanoshanda navo kubva kushumiro pfungwa inofambiswa nezviyero zvesainzi uye kugamuchira kuramba kuishandisa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati. Imwe yadzo yakatotaurwa pano - uyu ndiwo mutsauko pakati peiyo "yedzidzo" data yakaiswa pakanyorwa chinyorwa uye chaiyo data set. Pamusoro pezvo, kuitwa kwezano kunogona kunonoka, kunoda huwandu hwakawanda hwezviwanikwa, kana kunatsiridza chiratidzo chimwe chete pamutengo wekuipa mamwe metrics.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anoponeswa nekuti vazhinji vanogadzira ivo pachavo vashoma vevaongorori. Vanopinda misangano, vanotaura mutauro mumwechete nevadzidzi, vanopa mazano, dzimwe nguva vanotora chikamu mukugadzira zvinyorwa (semuenzaniso, kunyora kodhi), kana kutoita sevanyori pachavo. Kana mugadziri akanyudzwa mukuita zvedzidzo, achitevera zviri kuitika mudhipatimendi rekutsvagisa, nezwi - kana achiratidza kupokana-kufamba kune masayendisiti, ipapo kutenderera kwekushandura mazano esainzi kuita hutsva hwebasa rinopfupikiswa.
Tinoshuvira vose vatsvakurudzi vechidiki rombo rakanaka uye kubudirira kukuru mubasa ravo. Kana iyi positi isina kukuudza chero chinhu chitsva, saka unogona kunge wakatoburitsa pamusangano wepamusoro. Register for iwe pachako uye wosarudza vatariri vesainzi.
Source: www.habr.com