Isu tinokurukura dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira semiconductor zvigadzirwa.
/ mufananidzo Unsplash
Nguva yekupedzisira nezvezvinhu zvinogona kutsiva silicon mukugadzirwa kwe transistors uye kuwedzera kugona kwavo. Nhasi tiri kukurukura dzimwe nzira dzekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zve semiconductor uye mashandisiro avachaita munzvimbo dze data.
Piezoelectric transistors
Midziyo yakadaro ine piezoelectric uye piezoresistive zvikamu muchimiro chavo. Yekutanga inoshandura mafungiro emagetsi kuita manzwi. Yechipiri inotora aya mafungu eruzha, anomanikidza uye, maererano, anovhura kana kuvhara transistor. Samarium selenide () - zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa ingave semiconductor (high resistance) kana sesimbi.
IBM yaive imwe yekutanga kuunza pfungwa yepiezoelectric transistor. Mainjiniya ekambani ari kuita zviitiko munzvimbo ino . Vamwe vavo vanobva kuUK National Physical Laboratory, iyo University yeEdinburgh neAuburn vari kushandawo munzira iyi.
A piezoelectric transistor inobvisa zvakanyanya kushoma simba pane silicon zvishandiso. Technology kutanga mune zvidiki zvidiki izvo zvakaoma kubvisa kupisa - smartphones, redhiyo zvishandiso, radar.
Piezoelectric transistors inogonawo kuwana application mumaseva processors enzvimbo dzedata. Iyo tekinoroji ichawedzera simba rekushandisa kwehardware uye inoderedza mutengo wevashandisi vepa data pane zvivakwa zveIT.
Tunnel transistors
Rimwe rematambudziko makuru kune vanogadzira semiconductor mudziyo kugadzira ma transistors anogona kuchinjika pakaderera voltages. Tunnel transistors inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Midziyo yakadaro inodzorwa nekushandisa .
Saka, kana magetsi ekunze aiswa, transistor inochinja nekukurumidza nekuti maerekitironi anogona kukurira dielectric barriers. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mudziyo unoda kanoverengeka mashoma voltage kuti ushande.
Masayendisiti kubva kuMIPT neTohoku University yekuJapan vari kugadzira tunnel transistors. Vakashandisa kaviri-layer graphene ku mudziyo unoshanda ka10β100 nekukurumidza kupfuura mamwe ayo esilicon. Maererano mainjiniya, teknolojia yavo dhizaini ma processor ayo anove akapetwa makumi maviri ekugadzira kupfuura emazuva ano emhando dzemhando.
/ mufananidzo PD
Panguva dzakasiyana, prototypes yetunnel transistors yakashandiswa uchishandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana - kuwedzera kune graphene. ΠΈ . Nekudaro, iyo tekinoroji haisati yasiya madziro emarabhoritari, uye hapana kutaura kwehukuru-hukuru hwekugadzira michina yakavakirwa pairi.
Spin transistors
Basa ravo rinobva pakufamba kwema electron spins. Iyo spins inofamba nerubatsiro rwekunze remagineti, iyo inovaraira mune imwe nzira uye inoumba inotenderera ikozvino. Midziyo inoshanda neiyi iripo inoshandisa simba rakapetwa kazana pane silicon transistors, uye pamwero webhirioni kakapetwa pasekondi.
Kubatsira kukuru kwe spin zvishandiso kugona kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana. Vanosanganisa mashandiro emudziyo wekuchengetedza ruzivo, detector yekuiverenga, uye switch yekuiendesa kune zvimwe zvinhu zvechip.
Zvinotendwa kuve wakapayona pfungwa ye spin transistor mainjiniya Supriyo Datta uye Biswajit Das muna 1990. Kubva ipapo, makambani makuru eIT akatora budiriro munzvimbo ino, . Zvisinei, sei mainjiniya, spin transistors vachiri kure kure nekuonekwa muzvigadzirwa zvevatengi.
Metal-to-air transistors
Pakati payo, nheyo dzekushanda uye kugadzirwa kwesimbi-air transistor inoyeuchidza transistors . Nezvimwe zvisizvo: kudonhedza uye kunobva transistor itsva isimbi electrodes. Iyo shutter yemudziyo iri pazasi pavo uye yakavharwa neiyo oxide firimu.
Iyo yekudonhedza uye sosi yakaiswa pachinhambwe chemakumi matatu nanometers kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, izvo zvinobvumira maerekitironi kupfuura zvakasununguka munzvimbo yemhepo. Kutsinhana kwezvikamu zvinochajiswa kunoitika nekuda kwe .
Kuvandudzwa kwesimbi-ku-air transistors timu kubva kuYunivhesiti yeMelbourne - RMIT. Mainjiniya vanoti tekinoroji "inofema hupenyu hutsva" mumutemo waMoore uye kuita kuti zvikwanise kuvaka ese 3D network kubva kune transistors. Vagadziri veChip vanozokwanisa kumira kusingaperi kudzikisa tekinoroji maitiro uye votanga kugadzira compact 3D zvivakwa.
Sekureva kwevagadziri, iyo frequency yekushandisa yerudzi rutsva rwe transistors ichapfuura mazana egigahertz. Kuburitswa kwetekinoroji kune ruzhinji kuchawedzera kugona kwemakomputa masisitimu uye kuwedzera mashandiro emaseva munzvimbo dzedata.
Chikwata chave kutsvaga vanoisa mari kuti vaenderere mberi nekutsvaga kwavo uye kugadzirisa matambudziko etekinoroji. Iyo Drain uye source electrodes inonyungudika pasi pesimba remunda wemagetsi - izvi zvinoderedza kushanda kwe transistor. Vanoronga kugadzirisa kushomeka mumakore mashoma anotevera. Mushure meizvi, mainjiniya anozotanga kugadzirira kuunza chigadzirwa kumusika.
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Source: www.habr.com