Kushandiswa kweRPA mune zvesainzi uye engineering kuverenga

kupinda

Kuchikoro, kuti tisimbise ruzivo rwedu, takakumbirwa kugadzirisa mienzaniso yakawanda yakafanana. Takanga takatsamwa nguva dzose: chii chakakosha pano? Chinja maitiro maviri kana matatu mufomula uye uwane mhinduro. Ndekupi kutiza kwepfungwa pano? Chokwadi chaive chakaoma kupfuura chikoro.

Iye zvino ndinoshanda semuongorori weIT. Ndisati ndajoina IT munda, ndakashanda seinjiniya yekudziya, CNC programmer, uye ndakatora chikamu mumapurojekiti ekutsvagisa.

Kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri, ndine chokwadi chokuti mainjiniya nemasayendisiti vanopedza 95% yenguva yavo yekushanda pazviito "zvakafanana". Verenga equations, cheki, rekodha zvawanikwa, kopi zvakatemwa. Project after purojekiti, kuyedza mushure mekuyedza, zuva nezuva.

Heino mienzaniso miviri kubva kubasa rangu rekare.

Kusvika 2019, ini ndakagadzira marongero eiyo thermal vacuum molding. Kana muenzaniso wakadaro wakafukidzwa nepurasitiki inopisa, tichawana chigadzirwa chinonyatso dzokorora geometry yemuenzaniso uyu. Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi pano.

Iyo mock-up yekugadzira kutenderera inoda seti yakazara yeakanyanya hunyanzvi maapplication:

• Autodesk Inventor ye 3D modelling;
• Excel yekurodha workpiece zviyero;
• Excel yekuverenga mutengo weiyo marongerwo;
• HSM module yekugadzira chirongwa chekutonga cheCNC;
• Computer faira system yekutarisira mafaera echirongwa;
• Mach3 nharaunda yekudzora CNC muchina.

Data yaifanira kuendeswa nemaoko kubva kunharaunda ichienda kune zvakatipoteredza, uye izvi zvaisanganisira matafura akazara nehurongwa hwehukoshi. Nzira yacho inononoka, uye kukanganisa kunowanzoitika.

Izvi zvisati zvaitika, ndakatora chikamu mukuvandudza nekugadzira magwara emwenje (ссылка) Paive nekutsvagisa kwakawanda, dhizaini uye maverengero ipapo: nharaunda dzakashongedzerwa dzekudziya uye mwenje maverengero (Ansys, Dialux), pamwe nemitengo-inoshanda macalculation, pamwe neAutocad uye Inventor yemamodheru uye madhirowa. Uye pano matambudziko akafanana: mhedzisiro yekuverenga kubva kune imwe application inoda kudhonzwa mune imwe application kune inotevera kuverenga. Uye saka kakawanda mukutsvaga mhinduro yakakwana.

Nguva yeinjiniya uye nguva yesainzi inguva yakakosha. Hatisi kutaura nezvemuhoro pano. Kuseri kwekuverenga kwainjiniya kune purojekiti hombe ine timu. Kuseri kwekutsvagisa kwesaenzi kune maonero eindasitiri yese. Asi kazhinji nyanzvi ine hunyanzvi "hupenzi" inotamisa hunhu kubva kune imwe chirongwa kuenda kune imwe pane kugadzira pfungwa, modhi, kududzira mhedzisiro, kukurukura uye kufunga nezvevamwe.

Chiratidzo chenzvimbo yebhizimisi yemazuva ano inokurumidza. Musika unogara uchisunda. Muna 2014, takatora mavhiki 2-3 kugadzira modhi. Muna 2018, aive mazuva matatu, uye izvo zvaitoita kunge zvakanyanyisa. Iye zvino mugadziri anofanira kuburitsa akati wandei sarudzo panguva imwechete iyo yakambopihwa kune imwechete sarudzo.

Uye imwezve pfungwa - mari uye njodzi. Kuti "ubate" kupurojekiti, bhizinesi rinofanira kuisa mari ~ 6% yemutengo weiyi chirongwa mukuvandudza pfungwa isati yapedza chibvumirano nemutengi. Mari idzi dzinoenda:

• zvekutsvaga;
• conceptual design;
• kuongororwa kwemari yebasa;
• kugadzirira kwemifananidzo, nezvimwewo.

Iyo kambani inovaburitsa muhomwe yayo, iyi ndiyo njodzi yayo. Kutarisa kune iyo pfungwa kunoda nguva yenyanzvi, uye ivo vakabatikana nemaitiro.

Mushure mekuziva maturusi ebasa mukambani yeIT, ndakafarira kuti ndeapi bhizinesi maitiro otomatiki maitiro anogona kubatsira mainjiniya. Nekudaro, mabhizinesi agara achishandisa robotic process automation (RPA) kurwisa maitiro.

Vagadziri veRPA vanoti zvinotevera mabhenefiti eiyo otomatiki chishandiso:

1. versatility (irobhoti rinokwanisa kushanda nechero application, nechero data source);
2. nyore kudzidza (hapana hunyanzvi hwakadzama mukuronga uye manejimendi zvinodiwa);
3. kukurumidza kwekusimudzira (iyo yapera algorithm inotora nguva shoma pane yechinyakare hurongwa);
4. zororo rechokwadi remushandi kubva kumabasa enguva dzose.

Zvichienderana nemaitiro aya, isu tichatarisa kuti mhedzisiro yekushandisa RPA ndeyei muinjiniya / sainzi kuverenga.

Tsanangudzo yemuenzaniso

Ngatitarisei muenzaniso wakapfava. Pane cantilevered danda rine mutoro.

Ngatitarisei dambudziko iri kubva pachinzvimbo cheinjiniya uye kubva pachinzvimbo chesainzi.

"Engineer" kesi: kune cantilevered danda kureba mamita 2. Inofanira kubata mutoro unorema 500 kg ne 3-kupeta kuchengetedza margin. Danda racho rakagadzirwa nerectangular pombi. Izvo zvinodikanwa kusarudza chikamu chedanda maererano neGOST catalog.

Nyaya "musayendisiti": tsvaga kuti huremu hwemutoro, chikamu-chikamu uye kureba kwedanda zvinokanganisa sei kutakura mutoro wedanda iri. Tora iyo regression equation.

Muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri, simba regiravhiti rinorangarirwa, iro rinoshanda padanda maererano nehukuru hwedanda.

Ngatidzidze zvakadzama nyaya yekutanga - "injiniya". Nyaya ye "saenzi" inoshandiswa nenzira yakafanana.

Nehunyanzvi, muenzaniso wedu wakareruka. Uye nyanzvi yezvidzidzo inozokwanisa kuiverenga zviri nyore pa calculator. Tine chimwe chinangwa: kuratidza kuti mhinduro yeRPA inogona kubatsira sei kana basa rave rakakura.

Mukurerutsa, tinocherechedzawo: chikamu chemuchinjikwa chepombi ndiyo rectangle yakakodzera, pasina kutenderera makona, pasina kufunga nezve weld.

Basa reEngineer

Iyo general scheme ye "engineer" kesi ndeiyi inotevera:

1. Pane pepa reExcel tine tafura ine huwandu hwepombi maererano neGOST.
2. Kune yega yega yekupinda mutafura iyi, isu tinofanirwa kuvaka 3D modhi mu Autodesk Inventor.
3. Zvino, muInventor Stress Analyzes nharaunda, tinoita kuverenga kwesimba uye kurodha mhedzisiro yekuverenga kuhtml.
4. Isu tinowana mune inoguma faira kukosha "Maximum von Mises stress".
5. Isu tinomisa kuverenga kana iyo yekuchengetedza chinhu (chiyero chesimba regoho rezvinhu kusvika kune yakanyanya von Mises stress) iri pasi pe3.

Isu tinotenda kuti danda remuchinjika-chikamu chakakodzera richapa 3-kupeta chengetedzo muganho uye ichave shoma muhuremu pakati pedzimwe sarudzo.

Pakazara, mubasa redu nyanzvi inoshanda ne3 zvikumbiro (ona mufananidzo uri pamusoro). Mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, nhamba yezvikumbiro inogona kuva yakakura.

GOST 8645-68 "Rectangular steel pipes" ine mazana matatu ezvinyorwa. Mune dambudziko redu redemo, isu tichapfupisa rondedzero: isu tichatora chinhu chimwe kubva kune yega saizi mhuri. Kune 300 zvinyorwa zvakazara, kubva paunoda kusarudza imwe.

Iyo Inventor modelling nharaunda, umo isu tichavaka modhi uye kuita maverengero esimba, ine raibhurari yezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa. Isu tichatora danda zvinhu kubva muraibhurari ino:

Material - Simbi
Density 7,85 g/cu. cm;
Goho simba 207 MPa;
Tensile simba 345 MPa;
Young's modulus 210 GPa;
Shear modulus 80,7692 GPa.

Izvi ndizvo zvakaita matatu-dimensional modhi yedanda rakaremerwa rinotaridzika se:

Uye heino mhedzisiro yesimba kuverenga. Iyo sisitimu inopenya nzvimbo dzisina njodzi dzedanda tsvuku. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzine makakatanwa makuru. Chiyero chiri kuruboshwe chinoratidza kukosha kwekunyanya kunetseka mune danda zvinhu.

 

Zvino ngatiendesei mamwe ebasa kurobhoti

Chirongwa chebasa chinoshanduka sezvinotevera:

Isu tichaunganidza robhoti muAutomation Anywhere Community Edition (inozonzi AA) nharaunda. Ngatiendei pamusoro pemaitiro ekuongorora uye titsanangure maonero ekuona.

Kusiyanisa

RPA mhinduro (kunyanya dzekutengesa) dzinoramba dzakaiswa senzira yekugadzira otomatiki mabhizinesi maitiro uye otomatiki basa revashandi vemuhofisi. Mienzaniso uye makosi ekudzidzisa anovhara kudyidzana neERP, ECM, uye Webhu. Zvese zviri chaizvo "office-like".

Pakutanga takanga tisina chokwadi kana AA yaizokwanisa kutora interface uye data yeAutodesk Inventor yedu. Asi zvese zvakanyatsoshanda: chinhu chese, kutonga kwese kwakatsanangurwa uye kurekodhwa. Kunyangwe mumasevhisi mafomu ane parameter matafura, robhoti yakawana mukana kune yaidiwa sero nekungonongedza mbeva.

Yakatevera yaive bvunzo nekutangwa kwesimba rekuverenga studio. Uye hapana dambudziko kana. Panguva ino, taifanira kunyatsoshanda nekumbomira pakati pezviito apo sisitimu yakamirira kuti kuverenga kupere.

Kutora iyo data yakakonzerwa kubva kuWebhu uye kuiisa muExcel kwakafamba zvakanaka.
Mukati mebasa iri, kuita zvakasiyana-siyana kwakasimbiswa. Tichitarisa netsananguro dzevamwe vatengesi veRPA, kuita zvakasiyana-siyana chinhu chakajairika chechikamu chesoftware.

Zviri nyore kudzidza

Zvakatora manheru akati wandei kugona: makosi, mienzaniso yekudzidziswa - zvese zviripo. Vazhinji vatengesi veRPA vanopa kudzidziswa kwemahara. Iyo chete chipingamupinyi: iyo nharaunda interface uye AA makosi ari muChirungu chete.

Speed ​​​​yebudiriro

Isu takagadzira uye takagadzirisa algorithm ye "dambudziko reinjiniya" manheru. Kutevedzana kwezviito kwakapedzwa mumirayiridzo ye44 chete. Pazasi pane chidimbu cheiyo Automation Chero kupi interface ine rakapedzwa robhoti. Yakaderera kodhi / Hapana kodhi pfungwa - pakanga pasina chikonzero chekuronga: takashandisa oparesheni marekodhi kana drug'n'drop kubva kuraibhurari yekuraira. Wobva wagadzirisa maparameter muhwindo rezvivakwa.

Kusununguka kubva pane zvaunoita

Iyo robhoti inopedza 1 miniti 20 masekonzi kugadzirisa imwe rekodhi. Takapedza nguva yakaenzana tichigadzira rekodhi rimwe chete pasina robhoti.

Kana isu tichitaura pamusoro pemakumi nemazana ezvinyorwa, ipapo munhu achave aneta uye otanga kutsauswa. Nyanzvi inogona kuerekana yakabatikana nerimwe basa. Nemunhu, chikamu chefomu "Kana basa richitora maminetsi A, ipapo N mabasa akadaro anogona kupedzwa muA * N maminitsi" haashande - nguva dzose inotora nguva yakawanda.

Mumuenzaniso wedu, robhoti inoronga kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvakatevedzana, kutanga nezvikamu zvakakura. Pazvirongwa zvakakura iyi inzira inononoka. Kuti ukurumidze, unogona kushandisa anotevedzana approximations, semuenzaniso, Newton's nzira kana hafu division.
Maverengero emhedzisiro:

Tafura 1. Mhedzisiro yekusarudza chikamu chedanda

Basa reSainzi

Basa resaenzi nderekuitisa nhamba dzinoverengeka dzekuyedza kuona mutemo zvichienderana nekuti iyo danda rinotakura simba rinoshanduka zvichienderana nechikamu-chikamu, kureba uye kuwanda kwemutoro. Mutemo wakawanikwa wakagadzirwa nenzira yeregression equation.

Kuti regression equation ive yakarurama, musayendisiti anofanira kugadzirisa huwandu hwe data.

Kune yedu muenzaniso, ruzhinji rwemapundu ekuisa anopihwa:

• pombi profile urefu;
• upamhi;
• wall thickness;
• urefu hwedanda;
• uremu hwemutoro.

Kana isu tichifanira kuita kuverenga kweinenge 3 kukosha kwechimwe nechimwe chinosiyana, saka mukuzara uku ndiko kudzokorora 243. Nenguva yemaminitsi maviri ekudzokorora kumwe, nguva yose ichava maawa masere - zuva rose rekushanda! Kuti tidzidze zvizere, hatifanire kutora 8 kukosha, asi gumi kana kupfuura.

Munguva yekudzidza, zvichava pachena kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kuiswa mumuenzaniso. Semuenzaniso, "kutyaira" makadhi akasiyana esimbi. Huwandu hwekuverenga hunowedzera makumi nemazana enguva.

Pabasa rechokwadi, robhoti ichakwanisa kusunungura musayendisiti kwemazuva akati wandei, iyo nyanzvi ichashandisa kugadzirira kudhindwa, uye ichi ndicho chiratidzo chikuru chebasa resainzi.

Summary

"Chigadzirwa" cheinjiniya chishandiso chinoshanda chaizvo, dhizaini. Robotization yekuverenga inoderedza njodzi nekuda kwekudzika kwekuvandudza kweprojekiti (kuverengera kuverenga, akawanda modes, mamwe sarudzo).

“Chigadzirwa” chemusainzi iequation, pateni, kana imwe tsananguro yakabatana. Uye iyo yakanyanya kunaka, iyo yakawanda data inobatanidzwa mukuongorora. Mhinduro yeRPA ichabatsira kuburitsa ruzivo "chikafu" chemhando.

Ngatitarisei muenzaniso wedu.

Basa remuenzaniso wekuverenga rinogona kuva chero muenzaniso: bhiriji modhi, injini yeinjini, yemhando yekupisa. Nyanzvi inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvese zvemuenzaniso zviri mukudyidzana kwakaringana nemumwe uye kuti iyo modhi inopa "kunze" seti yeakakosha paramita-variables.

Basa renzvimbo yekombuta rinotambwa nechero application iyo nyanzvi inoshandisa mubasa rake. Ansys, Autocad, Solidworks, FlowVision, Dialux, PowerMill, Archicad. Kana chimwe chinhu chakagadziridzwa mumba, semuenzaniso, chirongwa chekusarudza mafeni pachirimwa chekugadzira (ona Systemair midziyo yekusarudzwa zvirongwa).

Isu tinotarisa webhusaiti, dhatabhesi, pepa reExcel, uye txt faira senzvimbo yedata.
Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yebasa - chirevo - igwaro reIzwi rine mameseji anogadzirwa otomatiki, Excel chati, seti yezvidzitiro kana email tsamba.

RPA inoshanda chero kupi kweinjiniya kuongororwa kunoshanda. Heano dzimwe nzvimbo:

• simba kuverenga uye deformation;
• hydro- uye gasi simba;
• kupisa kupisa;
• electromagnetism;
• interdisciplinary analysis;
• generative design;
• kudzora zvirongwa zveCNC (semuenzaniso, nesting);
• tsvakurudzo yezvokurapa uye yebhayoloji;
• mukuverenga kwemasisitimu ane mhinduro kana isiri-yakamira masisitimu (apo mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inofanirwa kuendeswa kune iyo sosi data uye kuverenga kunodzokororwa).

Nhasi, RPA mhinduro dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mubhizinesi kuita otomatiki maitiro uye kushanda nedata. Maitiro emuhofisi mushandi, injiniya uye musayendisiti ane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Takaratidza kuti marobhoti anobatsira muinjiniya nesainzi.

Ngatipei muchidimbu maonero edu.

1. Versatility - hongu, RPA chishandiso chepasirese.
2. Zviri nyore kudzidza - hongu, zviri nyore uye zvinowanikwa, asi unoda mutauro.
3. Kumhanyisa kwekusimudzira - hongu, iyo algorithm inounganidzwa nekukurumidza, kunyanya kana iwe ukawana iyo hang yekushanda nemarekodhi.
4. Kuzvisunungura kubva pamaitiro - hongu, zvinogona kuunza mabhenefiti mumabasa makuru.

Source: www.habr.com