IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), iyo inoona nezvekuvandudzwa kweInternet protocols uye zvivakwa, yapedza kuumbwa kweRFC yeHTTP/3.0 protocol uye yakadhinda zvirevo zvinoenderana pasi pezviziviso RFC 9114 (protocol) uye RFC 9204 ( QPACK musoro wekumanikidza tekinoroji yeHTTP/3) . Iyo HTTP/3.0 yakatarwa yakagamuchira chimiro che "Proposed Standard", mushure mezvo basa richatanga kupa iyo RFC mamiriro eiyo dhizaini mwero (Draft Standard), izvo chaizvo zvinoreva kugadzikana kwakakwana kweprotocol uye kufunga nezve zvese. mashoko akaitwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, shanduro dzakagadziridzwa dzezvakatemerwa zveHTTP/1.1 (RFC 9112) uye HTTP/2.0 (RFC 9113) protocol dzakaburitswa, pamwe nemagwaro anotsanangura semantics yeHTTP zvikumbiro (RFC 9110) uye HTTP caching control headers. (RFC 9111).
Iyo HTTP/3 protocol inotsanangura kushandiswa kweQuick (Quick UDP Internet Connections) protocol sekutakura kweHTTP/2. QUIC ndeyekuwedzeredzwa kweprotocol yeUDP inotsigira kuwanda kwekubatanidza kwakawanda uye inopa nzira dzekunyorera dzakafanana neTLS/SSL. Iyo protocol yakagadzirwa mu2013 neGoogle seimwe nzira kune TCP + TLS musanganiswa weWebhu, kugadzirisa matambudziko nekureba kwekubatanidza kuseta uye nguva dzekutaurirana muTCP uye kubvisa kunonoka kana mapaketi akarasika panguva yekufambisa data.
Parizvino, QUIC neHTTP/3.0 rutsigiro rwakatoitwa mumabhurawuza ese anozivikanwa (muChrome, Firefox neEdge, HTTP/3 rutsigiro runogoneswa nekusarudzika, uye muSafari inoda iyo "Advanced> Experimental Features> HTTP/3" kuseta. kugoneswa). Padivi reseva, HTTP/3 mashandisirwo anowanikwa kune nginx (mune rimwe bazi rakasiyana uye muchimiro cheyakasiyana module), Caddy, IIS uye LiteSpeed. Tsigiro yeHTTP/3 inopihwawo ne Cloudflare content delivery network.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zveQUIC:
- Kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro kwakafanana neTLS (chaizvoizvo QUIC inopa kugona kushandisa TLS pamusoro peUDP);
- Kuyerera kutendeseka kutonga, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwepaketi;
- Iko kugona kwekukurumidza kumisikidza kubatana (0-RTT, mune ingangoita 75% yemakesi data inogona kutumirwa pakarepo mushure mekutumira yekubatanidza setup packet) uye kupa kunonoka kudiki pakati pekutumira chikumbiro uye kugamuchira mhinduro (RTT, Round Round Trip Time);
- Kushandisa nhamba yakasiyana yekutevedzana paunenge uchitumira pakiti, izvo zvinodzivirira kusanzwisisika mukuziva mapaketi akagamuchirwa uye kubvisa nguva;
- Kurasikirwa kwepakiti kunokanganisa chete kuendeswa kwerukova rwakabatana narwo uye hakuregi kuendeswa kwedata mumigero yakafanana inofambiswa kuburikidza nekubatana kwazvino;
- Zvikanganiso zvekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinoderedza kunonoka nekuda kwekutumirazve kwemapaketi akarasika. Kushandiswa kweakakosha ekururamisa makodhi padanho repacket kudzikisa mamiriro anoda kutapurirana kwepacket data yakarasika.
- Cryptographic block miganhu inowirirana neQUIC packet miganhu, iyo inoderedza kukanganisa kwekurasikirwa kwepakeji pakugadzirisa zviri mukati memapakiti anotevera;
- Hapana matambudziko neTCP queue blocking;
- Tsigiro yekubatanidza identifier, iyo inoderedza nguva inotora kumisikidza kubatana kwevatengi venhare;
- Kugona kwekubatanidza advanced connection congestion control systems;
- Inoshandisa per-direction throughput forecasting matekiniki kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mapaketi anotumirwa pamwero wakakwana, kudzivirira kuti asave akatsvikinyidzana uye kukonzera kurasikirwa kwepaketi;
- Kuwedzera kwakanyanya mukuita uye kuburikidza nekuenzaniswa neTCP. Kune masevhisi evhidhiyo akadai seYouTube, QUIC yakaratidzwa kudzikisa mashandiro ekudzokorora kana uchiona mavhidhiyo ne30%.
Pakati pekuchinja kweHTTP/1.1 kutsanangurwa, munhu anogona kuona kurambidzwa kwekushandiswa kwega kwekutakura kutakura kudzoka (CR) hunhu kunze kwemuviri uine zvirimo, i.e. Mune zvinyorwa zveprotocol, iyo CR hunhu inogona kungoshandiswa pamwe chete neiyo mutsara feed character (CRLF). Iyo chunked yekukumbira dhizaini algorithm yakagadziridzwa kuti kurerutsa kupatsanurwa kweminda yakasungirirwa uye zvikamu zvine misoro. Yakawedzera kurudziro yekubata zvisinganzwisisike kuvharira "HTTP Chikumbiro Kuverevedza" kurwiswa, izvo zvinotitendera kuti tizvipinze mune zvezvimwe zvikumbiro zvevamwe vashandisi mukuyerera pakati pemberi uye backend.
Iyo HTTP/2.0 yakatarwa yekuvandudza inotsanangura zvakajeka rutsigiro rweTLS 1.3. Yakarerutsa chirongwa chekuisa pamberi uye nzvimbo dzakabatana dzemusoro. Iyo isina kushandiswa nzira yekuvandudza chinongedzo neHTTP/1.1 yanzi haichashandi. Zvakadzikiswa zvinodiwa pakutarisa mazita enzvimbo nehunhu. Mamwe aimbove akachengeterwa furemu mhando uye ma paramita anokurudzirwa kushandiswa. Minda yemusoro inorambidzwa ine chekuita nekubatanidza inotsanangurwa zvakanyanya.
Source: opennet.ru