1. Nhanganyaya
Kusaruramisira hakuverengeki: nekugadzirisa imwe, iwe unoisa pangozi yekuita imwe.
Romain Rolland
Sezvo ndashanda semugadziri kubva kumavambo 90s, ndagara ndichifanira kubata nematambudziko ekusakoshesa. Semuenzaniso, ndiri mudiki, akangwara, akanaka kumativi ese, asi nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero handisi kukwira kumusoro webasa. Zvakanaka, hakusi kuti ini handifambi zvachose, asi ini neimwe nzira handifambi nenzira yandinofanira. Kana kuti basa rangu hariongororwe nechido zvakakwana, ndisingaone kunaka kwese kwezvisarudzo uye mupiro wakakura wandinoita ini, kureva ini, kune chikonzero chakajairika. Kuenzaniswa nevamwe, ini zvakajeka handisi kuwana zvinonaka zvakakwana uye neropafadzo. Ndiko kuti, ndinokwira manera eruzivo rwehunyanzvi nekukurumidza uye nenzira inobudirira, asi pamwe nemanera ehunyanzvi, kureba kwangu kunoramba kusingatarisirwi uye kudzvinyirirwa. Vose mapofu uye vasina hanya, kana kuti kurangana here?
Paunenge uchiverenga uye pasina ari kuteerera, bvuma nokutendeseka, wakasangana nematambudziko akafanana!
Sezvo ndasvika pazera re "Argentina-Jamaica", ndabva kune mugadziri kuenda kune anoongorora masisitimu, maneja weprojekiti uye kune mutungamiriri uye muridzi wekambani yeIT, ini ndaiwanzoona mufananidzo wakafanana, asi kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvemaitiro pakati pemushandi asingakosheswi namaneja aimutarisira pasi zvakava pachena uye zviri pachena. Mibvunzo mizhinji yakaomesa hupenyu hwangu uye yakanditadzisa kuzviziva kwenguva yakareba yakazowana mhinduro.
Ichi chinyorwa chinogona kubatsira kune vese vasingakoshese vashandi ivo uye kune avo mamaneja.
2. Ongororo yezvikonzero zvekusakoshesa
Hupenyu hwedu hunotsanangurwa nemukana. Kunyangwe avo vatinosuwa...
(Iyo Inoda Kuziva Nyaya yaBenjamin Bhatani).
Semuongorori wehurongwa, ini ndichaedza kuongorora dambudziko iri, kuronga zvikonzero zvekuitika kwaro uye kupa mhinduro.
Ndakakurudzirwa kufunga nezvenyaya iyi nekuverenga bhuku raD. Kahneman "Funga Zvishoma nezvishoma ... Sarudza Kurumidza" [1]. Sei Psychoanalysis ichitaurwa mumusoro wechinyorwa? Hongu, nekuti iyi bazi repfungwa rinowanzonzi risiri resainzi, asi richigara richirirangarira sehuzivi husingasungiri. Uye saka izvo zvinodiwa kubva kwandiri zve quackery zvichave zvishoma. Saka, "Psychoanalysis idzidziso inobatsira kuratidza kuti kutarisana nekusaziva kunokanganisa sei kuzviremekedza kwemunhu uye rutivi rwemanzwiro eunhu, kudyidzana kwayo nedzimwe nharaunda nemamwe masangano evanhu" [2]. Nokudaro, ngatiedzei kuongorora vavariro uye zvinhu zvinokonzera mufambiro wenyanzvi, uye "zvingangoita" zvakaiswa nehupenyu hwake hwekare.
Kuti urege kunyengedzwa nekunyepedzera, ngatijekese pfungwa huru. Muzera redu rekukurumidza kuita sarudzo, kuongororwa kwemushandi nemunyoreri kunowanzo kupihwa kamwechete kana kaviri, zvichienderana nekuonekwa kwake. Mufananidzo unoumbwa pahwaro hwechiratidzo chakaitwa, pamwe nemharidzo iyo munhu asingadi (kana nemaune) anoendesa kune "muongorori". Mushure mezvose, ichi ndicho chinhu chidiki chega chinosara mushure mekunge template yatangazve, mibvunzo yekiriniki uye stereotypical nzira dzekuongorora mhinduro.
Sezvinotarisirwa, ngatitange ongororo yedu nematambudziko. Ngationei zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kuita kwataurwa pamusoro apa. Ngatibvei kubva kumatambudziko anokwenya tsinga dzenyanzvi dzemanovice kuenda kumatambudziko anotambanudza tsinga dzenyanzvi dzine ruzivo.
Muenzaniso wemumiriri kubva kwandiri unosanganisira:
1. Kusakwanisa kuumba pfungwa dzako zvakanaka
Kukwanisa kutaura pfungwa dzako hakuna kukosha kudarika pfungwa pachadzo.
nekuti vanhu vazhinji vane nzeve dzinoda kutapira,
uye vashomanana chete vane pfungwa dzinokwanisa kutonga zvinenge zvataurwa.
Philip D. S. Chesterfield
Pane imwe nguva, panguva yebvunzurudzo, rimwe jaya raikoshesa zvikuru kugona kwaro, zvisinei harina kukwanisa kupindura zvakanaka chero mubvunzo upi noupi uye rakaita manzwiro asina kunaka muhurukuro yemusoro, yakagumbuka zvikuru nekurambwa. Kubva pane ruzivo rwangu uye intuition, ndakasarudza kuti kunzwisisa kwake kwechidzidzo chacho kwakanga kusina kunaka. Ndakafarira kuziva maonero ake mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Zvakazoitika kuti akanzwa somunhu ainyatsoziva nyaya iyi, zvose zvakanga zvakajeka uye zvinonzwisisika kwaari, asi panguva imwe chete, akanga asingakwanisi kutaura pfungwa dzake, kugadzira mhinduro, kuratidza maonero ake, nezvimwewo. Ndinogona kubvuma zvizere sarudzo iyi. Zvichida kunzwa kwangu kwakandigumbura, uye ane tarenda chairo. Asi: kutanga, ndingawana sei simbiso yeizvi? Uye zvinotonyanya kukosha, achataurirana sei nevamwe vaanoshanda navo achizadzisa mabasa ake ehunyanzvi kana asingakwanisi kungotaura nevanhu?
Rudzi rwehungwaru sisitimu, isina zvachose interface yekutumira masaini kune kunze kwenyika. Ndiani anozvifarira?
Sekutaura kunoita nyanzvi, hunhu uhu hunogona kukonzerwa nekuongororwa kusina mhosva seSocial Phobia. “Social phobia (social phobia) kutya kusina musoro kupinda kana kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana ane chokuita nokushamwaridzana. Tiri kutaura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ayo, kusvikira kumwero wakati kana kuti mumwe, anobatanidza kuonana navamwe vanhu: kutaura pachena, kuita mabasa ako ounyanzvi, kunyange kungova pakati pavanhu.” [3]
Kuti zvive nyore kuenderera mberi nekuongorora, isu tichanyora iyo psychotypes yatiri kuongorora. Tichadaidza rudzi rwekutanga kutariswa "#Informal," tichisimbisa zvekare kuti hatigone kunyatso ratidza se "#Dunno," uye hatigone kuramba.
2. Rusarura pakuongorora mwero wehunyanzvi hwemunhu
Zvose zvinoenderana nemhoteredzo.
Zuva riri mudenga harina mufungo waro wakakwirira sezvakaita kenduru rakabatidzwa mukamuri repasi.
Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach
Zvinogona kutaurwa zvakanyatsojeka kuti chero ongororo yehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi inoenderana. Asi zvinogara zvichigoneka kumisa mamwe mazinga ezvibodzwa zvevashandi kune akasiyana akakosha zviratidzo zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, hunyanzvi, kugona, misimboti yehupenyu, chimiro chemuviri nepfungwa, nezvimwe.
Dambudziko guru rekuzviongorora kwenyanzvi rinowanzova kusanzwisisa (kunyanya kuderera kwakasimba) kwehuwandu hwezivo, chiyero cheunyanzvi uye unyanzvi hunodiwa pakuongorora.
Pakutanga kwemaXNUMX, ndakafadzwa zvisingadzimiki nekubvunzurudzwa kwemumwe murume wechidiki chinzvimbo cheDelphi programmer, panguva iyo mumhan'ari akataura kuti akanga achiri kungogona mutauro nemhoteredzo yebudiriro, sezvo aidzidzira. anopfuura mwedzi, asi nokuda kwechinangwa, akanga achiri kuda mamwe mavhiki maviri kana matatu kuti anyatsonzwisisa zvose zvakaoma zvechiridzwa chacho. Iri harisi jee, ndomaitikiro azvakaita.
Zvichida munhu wese aive nepurogiramu yake yekutanga, iyo yakaratidza imwe mhando ye "Mhoro" pachiratidziro. Kazhinji, chiitiko ichi chinoonekwa sekupfuura kupinda munyika yevagadziri, kusimudza kuzviremekedza kumatenga. Uye ipapo, sebhanan'ana, basa rekutanga chairo rinoonekwa, richikudzosera kupasi rinofa.
Dambudziko iri hariperi, sekusingaperi. Kazhinji kazhinji, inongoshandura neruzivo rwehupenyu, nguva imwe neimwe ichienda kune imwe nhanho yepamusoro yekusanzwisisa. Yekutanga kuendesa purojekiti kumutengi, yekutanga kugoverwa system, yekutanga kubatanidzwa, uye zvakare yakakwirira dhizaini, hurongwa hwekutonga, nezvimwe.
Dambudziko iri rinogona kuyerwa nemetric yakadai se "Level of Claims". Chiyero icho munhu anoedza kuwana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehupenyu (basa, chimiro, kugara zvakanaka, nezvimwewo).
Chiratidzo chakareruka chinogona kuverengerwa sezvizvi: Level of aspiration = Kuwanda kwekubudirira - Kuwanda kwekukundikana. Uyezve, iyi coefficient inogona kunge isina chinhu - null.
Kubva pakuona kwekukanganisa kwekuziva [4], izvi zviri pachena:
- "Kunyanya kuzvivimba" maitiro ekuwedzeredza kugona kwake.
- "Selective perception" iri kutarisisa izvo chete izvo zvinopindirana nezvinotarisirwa.
Ngatidaidze rudzi urwu "#Munchausen". Zvinoita sekunge hunhu hunowanzo kuve hwakanaka, asi anowedzeredza zvishoma, zvishoma.
3. Kusada kuisa mari mukusimudzira kwako kune ramangwana
Usatsvage tsono muduri reuswa. Ingotenga huswa hwese!
John (Jack) Bogle
Imwe nyaya yakajairika inotungamira kumhedzisiro yekusakoshesa kusada kwenyanzvi kuzvimiririra mune chimwe chinhu chitsva, kudzidza chero chinhu chinovimbisa, kufunga chimwe chinhu chakadai: "Nei uchitambisa nguva yakawedzerwa? Kana ndikapiwa basa rinoda hunyanzvi hutsva, ndinorigona.”
Asi kazhinji, basa rinoda hunyanzvi hutsva rinowira kune mumwe munhu anoshanda nesimba. Chero ani akamboedza kunyura mukati maro uye anokurukura dambudziko idzva achakwanisa kutsanangura zvingasarudzwa zvekugadzirisa kwayo zvakajeka uye zvakakwana sezvinobvira.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kuenzanisirwa nedimikira rinotevera. Wakauya kuna chiremba kuzovhiyiwa, uye anoti kwauri: “Handisati ndamboita oparesheniwo zvayo, asi ndiri nyanzvi, zvino ndichakurumidza kupinda mu“Atlas of Human Anatomy” ndocheka. zvese zvinokuitira iwe nenzira yakanyanya kunaka. Nyarara.
Panyaya iyi, zvinotevera Cognitive kukanganisa zvinoonekwa [4]:
- "Kurerekera kwemugumisiro" ndiyo tsika yekutonga sarudzo nemhedzisiro yavo yekupedzisira, pane kutonga kunaka kwesarudzo nemamiriro ezvinhu panguva yaakaitwa ("vakundi havatongwe").
- "Status quo bias" maitiro evanhu ekuda kuti zvinhu zvirambe zvakangofanana.
Kune iyi mhando, isu tichashandisa ichangoburwa label - "#Zhdun".
4. Kusaziva utera hwako uye kusaratidza masimba ako
Kusaruramisira hakuwanzobatanidzwa nechimwe chiito;
kazhinji inoumbwa nokusaita chiito.
(Marcus Aurelius)
Rimwe dambudziko rakakosha, mukuona kwangu, zvese zvekuzviremekedza uye pakuongorora nhanho yenyanzvi ndeyekuedza kugadzira maonero pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwekuita sechinhu chimwe chete uye chisingaonekwe. Zvakanaka, pakati, zvakaipa, nezvimwewo. Asi zvakare zvinoitika kuti mugadziri anoratidzika kunge ari pakati nepakati anotanga kuzviitira rimwe basa idzva, semuenzaniso, kutarisa uye kukurudzira timu, uye kubudirira kwechikwata kunokwira. Asi zvinoitikawo neimwe nzira kutenderedza - mugadziri akanakisa, munhu akangwara, ane kumira kwakanaka kwazvo, haagone kungoronga vaanoshanda navo kune yakajairika feat pasi pekumanikidzwa. Uye chirongwa chinodzika pasi, chichitora kuzvivimba kwake nacho. Hunhu uye hunhu hwepfungwa hwakatsetseka uye hwakazorwa, nemhedzisiro yese inotevera.
Panguva imwecheteyo, vatungamiri, nekuda kwezvisingakwanisi, zvichida zvakabatana nekubatikana, kusava nenzwisiso kana kusatenda zvishamiso, vanoda kuona muvashandi varo chete chikamu chinooneka chechando, kureva, chigumisiro chavanobudisa. Uye semugumisiro wekushayikwa kwemigumisiro, kutevera kudonha kwekuzviremekedza, kuongororwa kwevatungamiri kunoenda kugehena, kusagadzikana kunomuka muboka uye "sepakutanga, havazovi nechinhu ...".
Iyo seti yemaparamita pachayo, yekuongorora nyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana, ingangoita yakawanda kana kushoma pasirese. Asi huremu hwechiratidzo chega chega chehunyanzvi hwakasiyana uye mabasa hunosiyana zvakanyanya. Uye kuti unoratidza zvakajeka sei uye kuratidza masimba ako mubhizinesi zvinoenderana nekuti mupiro wako kune zviitiko zvechikwata unogona kucherechedzwa sei kubva kunze. Mushure mezvose, unoongororwa kwete nekuda kwekugona kwako sekuda, asi kuti unoashandisa sei zvinobudirira. Kana ukasavaratidza neimwe nzira, vamwe vako vanozoziva sei nezvavo? Haasi masangano ese ane mukana wekunyura mukati memukati menyika yako uye kufumura matarenda ako.
Pano kukanganiswa kwekuziva kwakadaro kunoonekwa [4], senge:
- "Craze effect, conformity" - kutya kumira kunze kweboka, tsika yekuita (kana kutenda) zvinhu nokuti vamwe vanhu vazhinji vanozviita (kana kuzvitenda). Zvinoreva groupthink, hunhu hwemombe uye kurasika.
- “Murau” musungo wokugara uchizviudza kuti uite chimwe chinhu, pane kuti dzimwe nguva uchiita usingafungi, wongoerekana waita chimwe chinhu, pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
Sekuona kwangu, iyo label "#Private" inokodzera rudzi urwu zvakakwana.
5. Kugadzirisa zvaunosungirwa kune imwe nzira yekuongorora yako yemupiro
Kusaruramisira kuri nyore kutsungirira;
Chinonyanya kutirwadza ikururamisira.
Henry Louis Mencken
Mukuita kwangu, kwave kunewo zviitiko apo kuedza kwemushandi kuzvimiririra kukoshesa kukosha kwake muboka kana pamusika wevashandi veko kwakatungamirira kugumisa kuti aibhadharwa zvakanyanya kana achienzaniswa nevamwe vaaishanda navo. Heano ivo vari, padivi peumwe neumwe, vakangofanana, vachiita basa rakafanana, uye vane muhoro wepamusoro uye neruremekedzo rukuru kwavari. Pane kunzwa kunokangaidza kwokusaruramisira. Kakawanda, mhedziso dzakadaro dzinobatanidzwa nezvikanganiso zvekuzviremekedza zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa, umo maonero enzvimbo yemunhu munyika yose yeIT industry inoshanduka kuva yakakanganiswa uye kwete kune kuderera.
Nhanho inotevera, mushandi akadaro, kuitira kuti neimwe nzira adzorere kururamisira paPasi, anoedza kuita basa shoma shoma. Zvakanaka, zvakangowanda sezvavasingabhadhare yakawedzera. Anoramba achiratidzira nguva yakawandisa, anopinda mumakakatanwa nedzimwe nhengo dzechikwata dzakakwidziridzwa zvisina kufanira uye, sezvingabvira, nekuda kweizvi, vanozvibata zvine manyawi uye nekuzvikudza.
Hazvina mhosva kuti munhu "akagumburwa" anoisa sei mamiriro acho ezvinhu: kudzorerwa kwekururamisira, kutsiva, nezvimwewo, kubva kunze, izvi zvinoonekwa sekurwisana uye kuparara.
Zvine musoro kuti, zvichitevera kudzikira kwechigadzirwa chake nekushanda nesimba, muhoro wake unogonawo kudzikira. Uye chinhu chinosuruvarisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro ndechokuti mushandi anosuruvarisa anobatanidza kuipa kwemamiriro ake ezvinhu kwete nezviito zvake (kana kuti kusaita uye maitiro), asi nekuwedzera kusarura kwemunhu wake pachake nehutungamiri hwakaoma. Chigumbu chakaoma chinokura uye chinodzika.
Kana munhu asiri benzi, kudzokorora kwechipiri kana kwechitatu kwemamiriro akafanana mumapoka akasiyana, anotanga kukanda kutarisisa kumunhu waanoda, uye anotanga kusava nechokwadi chisina kujeka pamusoro pekusarudzika kwake. Zvikasadaro, vanhu vakadaro vanova vadzungairi nekusingaperi pakati pemakambani nezvikwata, vachituka munhu wese akavapoteredza.
Yakajairika yekuziva kukanganisa [4] kwenyaya iyi:
- "Observer tarisiro mhedzisiro" - kusaziva kushandura nzira yechiitiko kuti uone mhedzisiro inotarisirwa (zvakare iyo Rosenthal mhedzisiro);
- "Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy" -kusarudza kana kugadzirisa pfungwa kuti ienderane nemigumisiro yekuyera;
- “Chitsidzo chakarerekera” itsika yekutsvaga kana kududzira ruzivo nenzira inosimbisa pfungwa dzaimboitwa;
Ngatitarisei zvakasiyana:
- “Kudzivisa” kudiwa kwokuti munhu aite chimwe chinhu chinopesana nezvaanomukurudzira kuita, nemhaka yokuda kuramba kuedza kunofungidzirwa kuti kunoganhurira rusununguko rwokusarudza.
- "Kupikisa" kuratidzwa kwepfungwa inertia, kusatenda mukutyisidzirwa, kuenderera mberi kwechiito chekare mumamiriro ezvinhu echido chekukurumidzira chekuchinja: kana kumisa kushanduka kuzere nekuderera kwemamiriro acho; apo kunonoka kunogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwemukana wekuvandudza mamiriro acho ezvinhu; kana tatarisana nenjodzi, mikana isingatarisirwi uye kukanganisa kamwe kamwe.
Ngatidaidze rudzi urwu "#Wanderer."
6. Formal approach to business
Formalism sehunhu hwehunhu chimiro chinopesana nepfungwa
koshesa zvakanyanya kudivi rekunze renyaya, ita mabasa ako usingaise moyo wako maari.
Kazhinji muchikwata unogona kusangana nemunhu anonyanya kuda kumunhu wese ari pedyo naye kunze kwake. Anogona kutsamwiswa zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso, nevanhu vasina nguva, avo vaanogunun'una kusingaperi, kunonoka kubasa nemaminitsi 20-30. Kana sevhisi inosemesa iyo zuva nezuva inomunyudza mugungwa rekusava nehanya uye kusava nemweya kwevasina ruzivo vasingatomboedze kufungidzira zvishuwo zvake uye kugovera zvaanoda zvakakwana. Pamunotanga pamwe chete kunyura mune zvinokonzeresa kuvhiringidzika, unosvika pakugumisa kuti kazhinji izvi zvinokonzeresa nzira yekuenda kumatambudziko, kuramba kutora mutoro uye kusada kurangarira izvo zvinonzi hazvisi bhizinesi rako.
Asi kana iwe ukasamira ipapo uye uchienderera mberi, uchipfuura nemuzuva rake (romushandi) rekushanda, saka, oh Mwari, zviratidzo zvese zvakafanana zvinoratidzwa mumafambiro ake izvo zvakangotsamwisa vamwe. Pakutanga, kufunganya kunoonekwa mumaziso, mamwe ma analogies anomhanya nekutonhora, uye fungidziro inorova semheni kuti ndiye akafanana formalist. Panguva imwecheteyo, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, munhu wose ane chikwereti kwaari zvinhu zvose, asi anongova nemitemo: kubva ikozvino kusvika ikozvino, iri ndiro basa rangu, uye ipapo, ndiregererei, haisi mutoro wangu uye hapana chinhu chega.
Kuti titore mufananidzo wakajairika wemaitiro akadai, tinogona kupa nyaya inotevera. Mushandi, averenga zvinyorwa zvebasa mu tracker uye achiona mairi kuti dambudziko neimwe nzira harina kuvharwa zvakadzama uye ruzivo uye haamubvumire kuti arigadzirise ipapo pasina kuomesera, anongonyora mukutaura: "Iko hakuna ruzivo rwakakwana rwemhinduro." Mushure mezvo, nemweya wakadzikama uye nepfungwa yekubudirira, anonyura mukudya kwenhau.
Mumapurojekiti ane simba uye akaderera-bhajeti, zvinoitika kuti kana pasina kutsanangurwa kwakazara kwemahofisi, kushanda zvakanaka hakurasikirwe nekuda kwekugara kuri pedyo kwemukati-timu kutaurirana. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, nekuda kwekunetseka, kusarura, kusava nehanya uye zvimwe "kwete". Mutambi wechikwata, haagovane mutoro kune wake uye nevamwe, asi anoedza munzira dzese kusunda dambudziko rakanamira kumusoro. Ndivo vanhu ava ndivo vanonyanya kukosha uye, maererano naizvozvo, kazhinji kazhinji vane mutengo wepamusoro.
Kubva pakuona kwekukanganisa kwekuziva [4], munyaya iyi zvinotevera zvinoonekwa:
- "Framing effect" ndiko kuvapo kwekutsamira kwesarudzo yesarudzo yesarudzo pachimiro chekupa ruzivo rwekutanga. Nekudaro, kushandura mhando yemazwi emubvunzo ane semantically yakafanana zvinyorwa zvinogona kukonzera shanduko muchikamu chemhinduro dzakanaka (negative) kubva pa20% kuenda pa80% kana kudarika.
- "Mabofu maererano nekukanganiswa" ndiko kuona kuri nyore kwezvikanganiso mune vamwe vanhu pane iwe pachako (anoona kabanzu muziso reumwe munhu, asi haaoni danda mune yake).
- "Moral trust effect" - munhu anotenda kuti haana rusaruro ane mukana mukuru wekuratidza rusaruro. Anozviona seasina zvivi, ane manyepo ekuti chero chezviito zvake anenge asinawo chivi.
Ngatinyore rudzi urwu se "#Official". Oo, zvichaitika.
7. Kusagadzikana mukuita zvisarudzo
Kutya uye kurota kutadza kuita sarudzo kunokwira seri kweusimbe uye kunosanganisira kushaya simba nehurombo...
William Shakespeare
Dzimwe nguva nyanzvi yakanaka inonyorwa muchikwata semutorwa. Kana iwe ukatarisa mhedzisiro yebasa rake zvichipesana nemashure evamwe vashandi, saka kubudirira kwake kunotarisa pamusoro peavhareji. Asi maonero ake haanganzwiki. Hazvibviri kuyeuka nguva yokupedzisira yaakasimbirira pamaonero ake. Zvingangodaro, maonero ake akapinda muhombe yenguruve yeimwe ruzha.
Sezvo asiri kuita basa, anowanawo mabasa echipiri, izvo zvakaoma kuzviratidza. Inobva yave imwe mhando yedenderedzwa rakashata.
Kusava nechokwadi kwake nguva dzose uye kutya zvinomutadzisa kunyatsoongorora zviito zvake pachake uye kuzvipa maererano nemupiro wake.
Pamusoro pekungo phobias, kubva pakuona kwekukanganisa kwekuziva [4] mumhando iyi munhu anogona kuona:
- "Reversion" ndeyekudzoserwa kwakarongeka kupfungwa pamusoro pezviito zvekufungidzira munguva yakapfuura kudzivirira kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nezviitiko zvisingadzoreki zvakaitika, kugadzirisa zvisingagadzirisiki, kushandura zvisingadzoreki zvekare. Mafomu ekudzosera mhosva uye kunyadziswa
- “Kunonotsa (kuverengera)” kuverengera kwakarongeka kusina chikonzero, kunonotsa kutanga kwebasa risingadzivisiki.
- "Kurerutsa kwekusiirwa" ndiko kufarira kukuvadzwa kukuru nekuda kwekusiya pane kukuvadzwa nekuda kwechiito, nekuda kwekusabvuma mhosva mukusiiwa.
- “Kuteerera chiremera” kombamiro yavanhu yokuteerera chiremera, vachifuratira mitongo yavo vamene pamusoro pokukodzera kwechiito chacho.
Ava vanhu vasingakuvadzi vanowanzofadza uye havakonzeri kutsamwa. Naizvozvo, isu tichavasuma zita rerudo kwavari - "#Avoska" (kubva paizwi Avos). Hongu, ivo zvakare havamiriri, asi vanovimbika zvakanyanya.
8. Kuwedzeredza (kuwedzeredza) kwebasa rechiitiko chekare
Zvakaitika zvinowedzera huchenjeri hwedu, asi hazvideredze upenzi hwedu.
G. Shaw
Dzimwe nguva chiitiko chakanaka chinogonawo kutamba joke ine utsinye. Chiitiko ichi chinozviratidza, semuenzaniso, panguva iyo pavanoedza kuratidzira kushandiswa kwakabudirira kwe "nyore" nzira mupurojekiti yakakura.
Nyanzvi inoita seyakatopfuura nemuitiro wekugadzira chimwe chinhu kakawanda. Iyo nzira ine minzwa, inoda kushanda nesimba kekutanga, kuongorora, kubvunzana uye kuvandudzwa kwemamwe mhinduro. Imwe neimwe yaitevera purojekiti yakafanana yakafamba zvakanyanya uye zviri nyore uye zvine hungwaru, ichibhururuka ichitevedza njanji yakavharwa. Kudzikama kunomuka. Muviri unozorora, ziso rinorema, kudziya kunofadza kunopinda nemaoko, hope dzinotapira dzinokuputira, rugare nerunyararo zvinokuzadza...
Uye heino chirongwa chitsva. Uye wow, yakakura uye yakaoma. Ndinoda kupinda muhondo nokukurumidza. Zvakanaka, chii chekupedza nguva zvakare pakudzidza kwayo kwakadzama, kana zvese zvave kutofamba zvakanaka munzira yakarohwa.
Zvinosuruvarisa, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda, dzimwe nguva dzakangwara uye dzinoshingaira, hadzitombofungi kuti ruzivo rwavo rwekare mumamiriro ezvinhu matsva harushandi zvachose. Kana kuti, inogona kushanda pane imwe neimwe zvikamu zvepurojekiti, asiwo nemanuances.
Kunzwisisa uku kunowanzouya panguva iyo nguva dzese dzakarasika, chigadzirwa chinodiwa hachioneki, uye mutengi, kuti ataure zvinyoro, anotanga kunetseka. Zvakare, kufara uku kunonyanyoita kuti manejimendi epurojekiti arware, achivamanikidza kuti vatange marudzi ese ezvikonzero uye kurova pfungwa dzevatambi. Kupenda kwemafuta.
Asi chinhu chinonyanya kugumbura ndechekuti kudzokororwa kunotevera kwemamiriro akafanana, mufananidzo iwoyo unoburitswa uye uchiri mumafuta mamwechete. Ndiko kuti, kune rumwe rutivi, chiitiko chakanaka chakaramba chiri chiyero, uye kune rumwe, chakaipa, kungosangana kunotyisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu anofanira kukurumidza kukanganwika, sekurota kwakaipa.
Iyi mamiriro iratidziro yezvinotevera kukanganisa kwekuziva [4]:
- "Generalization yemakesi akakosha" kuchinjisa kusina hwaro kwehunhu hweimwe kana nyaya dzakasarudzika kune dzakakura dzakaunganidzwa.
- I "focus effect" kukanganisa kwekufanotaura kunoitika kana vanhu vakanyanya kutarisa kune chimwe chinhu chechiitiko; inokonzeresa kukanganisa mukufanotaura nemazvo kushandiswa kwemugumisiro weramangwana.
- Iyo "kunyengera kwekutonga" maitiro evanhu kuti vatende kuti vanokwanisa kudzora, kana kuti kupesvedzera, mhedzisiro yezviitiko zvavasingakwanise kupesvedzera.
Iyo label ndeye "#WeKnow-Swim", mukuona kwangu yakakodzera.
Kazhinji aimbove #Munchusens anove #Ziva-Swim. Zvakanaka, pano mutsara wacho pachawo unozvikurudzira: "#Munchausen haasati ambovapo."
9. Kusada kwenyanzvi inokwanisa kutanga patsva
Tese taigona kuita nekutanga patsva, zviri nani kukireshi.
Kurt Vonnegut (Katsi's Cradle)
Zvinonakidzawo kuona nyanzvi dzakatosimbiswa, idzo hupenyu hwakasundidzira kumucheto kweiyo IT indasitiri uye kuvamanikidza kutsvaga nzvimbo nyowani yebasa. Vabvisa masaga ekuodzwa mwoyo uye kusava nechokwadi, vanopfuudza bvunzurudzo yekutanga nekuputika. Vanhu vakakatyamadzwa veHR vanoratidza neshungu zvinyorwa zvavo kune mumwe nemumwe, vachiti ndiwo manyorerwo azvinofanira kunyorwa. Wese munhu ari kusimuka, achitarisira kanenge kusikwa kwechimwe chishamiso, uye munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Asi hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hunotanga kuyerera, zuva nezuva rinopfuura, asi mashiripiti haasati aitika.
Aya maonero edivi rimwe. Kune rimwe divi, nyanzvi yakasimbiswa, padanho rekusaziva, yakatogadzira maitiro ake uye mazano pamusoro pekuti zvese zvakamupoteredza zvinofanira kutendeuka sei. Uye hachisi chokwadi kuti chinopindirana nenheyo dzakasimbiswa dzekambani nyowani. Uye inofanira kufanana here? Kazhinji, nyanzvi yakaneta nemoto nemvura haisisina simba kana chido chekukurukura, kuratidza chimwe chinhu nenzeve dzakasakara nemapombi emhangura. Handidi kuchinja maitiro angu zvakare, uye neimwe nzira haina chiremera, shure kwezvose, handisi mukomana zvakare.
Munhu wese pamwe chete anozviwana ari munzvimbo yenyonganyonga nekusagadzikana, tariro isina kuzadzikiswa uye tarisiro isina kuzadzikiswa.
Kune vanhu vane ruzivo, boka rekukanganisa kwekuziva [4] richave rakapfuma:
- "Kukanganisa mumaonero esarudzo yakaitwa" kuomerera kwakanyanyisa, kunamatira kune zvasarudzo zvemunhu, kuzviona sekwakarurama kupfuura zvavari chaizvo, nekumwe kuzviruramisa.
- “Chinhu chakajairika” chimiro chevanhu kutaura kuda chinhu zvisina musoro nekuda kwekuti vanochijaira.
- Kukwira kusina musoro kurangarira zvisarudzo zvomunhu sezviri nani kupfuura zvazvaiva chaizvoizvo.
- “Kutukwa kwezivo” kuoma kunoita vanhu vane ruzivo pavanenge vachiedza kufunga nezvedambudziko ripi neripi nemaonero evanhu vasina ruzivo.
Uye pakupedzisira - korona yekugadzira:
- "Professional deformation" ndiko kukanganisa kwepfungwa kwemunhu panguva yebasa reunyanzvi. Maitiro ekuona zvinhu maererano nemitemo inowanzogamuchirwa yebasa remunhu, kunze kwemaonero akazara.
Hapana chekugadzira chine label cherudzi urwu; yagara ichizivikanwa - "#Okello". Uyo akapotsa. Ehe, hongu, hongu, ivo vakamubatsira kupotsa. Asi iye mutungamiriri ane tsika, aifanira kunge akambodzivisa kupinda mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
10. Chikamu chechidimbu
Kune madziro aunogona kukwira, kuchera pasi, kutenderera, kana kutoputika. Asi kana madziro aripo mupfungwa dzako, anozove akavimbika zvakanyanya kupfuura chero fenzi yepamusoro.
Chiun, Royal Master weSinanju
Kupfupisa zviri pamusoro.
Kazhinji, pfungwa yenyanzvi yenzvimbo yake, basa uye kukosha muchikwata kana chirongwa chakakanganiswa zvakanyanya. Zvamazvirokwazvo, tinogona kutaura izvi: zvaanoona uye zvinoonekwa nevanhu vakawanda vakamupoteredza zvinosiyana zvikuru pakuongorora kwavo. Pamwe akakurira vamwe, kana kuti haana kukura zvakakwana, kana kuti zvavanokoshesa pakuongorora zvinobva muupenyu hwakasiyana, asi chinhu chimwe chete chakajeka - pane dissonance mukubatana.
Kune vechidiki nyanzvi, matambudziko akadai anowanzobatanidzwa nekusanzwisisa kwakakwana kwemaitiro ekuongorora kwavo, pamwe nekukanganisa kunzwisisa kwehuwandu uye hutano hwezvinodiwa zveruzivo rwavo, hunyanzvi uye kugona kwavo.
Nyanzvi dzakakura dzinowanzovaka fenzi mupfungwa dzavo kubva kune mazano ekuti zvinhu zvese zvinofanira kurongeka sei uye kudzvanyirira kuratidzwa kwechero kupokana, kunyanya kudiwa uye kufambira mberi.
Taona zvinangwa zvinokonzeresa maitiro asina kunaka muvashandi anotadzisa kukura kwebasa, isu tichazoedza kutsvaga mamiriro anozobatsira kudzikamisa simba ravo. Kana zvichiita, usashandisa zvinodhaka.
Mareferensi[1] D. Kahneman, Funga zvishoma nezvishoma ... sarudza nekukurumidza, ACT, 2013.
[2] Z. Freud, Nhanganyaya kune psychoanalysis, St. Petersburg: Aletheia St. Petersburg, 1999.
[3] "Social phobia," Wikipedia, [Pamhepo]. Inowanikwa: .
[4] "Rondedzero yeruzivo rwekusarerekera," Wikipedia, [Pamhepo]. Inowanikwa: .
Source: www.habr.com